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History Of Computers:     more books (100)

Computer: A History Of The Information Machine, Second Edition (The Sloan Technology Series) by Martin Campbell-kelly, William Aspray, 2004-08-13 Core Memory: A Visual Survey of Vintage Computers by John Alderman, 2007-05-10 Computers: The Life Story of a Technology by Eric G. Swedin, David L. Ferro, 2007-10-24 Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution - 25th Anniversary Edition by Steven Levy, 2010-05-20 The Computer: An Illustrated History by Mark Frauenfelder Ed., 2007-05-01 Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company by Owen Linzmayer, Owen W. Linzmayer, 2004-01 A History of Modern Computing, 2nd Edition (History of Computing) by Paul E. Ceruzzi, 2003-05-01 The First Computers--History and Architectures (History of Computing) by Raúl Rojas, 2002-08-07 The Apollo Guidance Computer: Architecture and Operation (Springer Praxis Books / Space Exploration) by Frank O'Brien, 2010-07-12 Colossus: The First Electronic Computer (Popular Science) Computers, Visualization, and History: How New Technology Will Transform Our Understanding of the Past (History, Humanities, and New Technology) by David J. Staley, 2002-12 The Computer Boys Take Over: Computers, Programmers, and the Politics of Technical Expertise (History of Computing) by Nathan L. Ensmenger, 2010-09-30 The History of Computers by Les Freed, Sarah Ishida, 1995-04 A Brief History of Computing by Gerard O'Regan, 2008-02-04

lists with details

1. History Of Computers Printers Repairs Houston
   history of computers printers repairs houston Texas computer repair printer laser toner cartidges small home office business commercial network solutions  
   http://www.computersprintersrepairshouston.com/history_of_computers.html
   
   Extractions: In 1980, IBM first approached Bill Gates and Microsoft, to discuss the state of home computers and Microsoft products. Gates gave IBM a few ideas on what would make a great home computer, among them to have Basic written into the ROM chip. Microsoft had already produced several versions of Basic for different computer system beginning with the Altair, so Gates was more than happy to write a version for IBM. As for an operating system (OS) for the new computers, since Microsoft had never written an operating system before, Gates had suggested that IBM investigate an OS called CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers), written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research. Kindall had his Ph.D. in computers and had written the most successful operating system of the time, selling over 600,000 copies of CP/M, his OS set the standard at that time. IBM tried to contact Kildall for a meeting, executives met with Mrs. Kildall who refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement. IBM soon returned to Bill Gates and gave Microsoft the contract to write the new operating system, one that would eventually wipe Kildall's CP/M out of common use. The "Microsoft Disk Operating System" or MS-DOS was based on QDOS, the "Quick and Dirty Operating System" written by Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products, for their prototype Intel 8086 based computer.

2. History Of Computers - Wikibooks, Collection Of Open-content Textbooks
   Retrieved from http//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/history_of_computers . Subjects Books with infoboxes Computing Stubs Alphabetical/H Computer science  
   http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_Computers
   
   Extractions: Jump to: navigation search From the dawn of time, human beings have always tried to find new ways to solve problems, be more productive, work with numbers faster, and have better ways of storing information. Possibly early humans used stones to count items, which lead to the abacus, then to the slide-rule, and then later calculators. These machines allowed human beings to do these things faster and better than they could do them in their minds. Since the early ages of computer history there has been innovations that have led to the advancement of technology. The first computers were mechanical, and sometimes prone to errors. They were calculating machines. Blaise Pascal built a numerical wheel adding machine in 1642 in order to help out his father, who was a tax collector. It was a heavy burden to add numbers by hand, and Pascal had seen it as a chance to relieve that burden. In 1673 Gothfried Willhelm von Leibniz, a German mathematician, built a calculator device that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. It provided more functions than Pascal's machine and allowed users of it to solve more problems. Yet both Pascal's and Leibniz's machines were not totally dependable and suffered from flaws.

3. History Of Calculators, Computers, And Internet
   History of Calculators, Computers, and Internet. Who controls the past commands the future. Who commands the future conquers the past. George Orwell  
   http://otec.uoregon.edu/history_of_computers.htm
   
   Extractions: "Who controls the past commands the future. Who commands the future conquers the past." George Orwell There is a huge amount of IT historical information available on the web. Most of the sampling of references given below were easily located using the Google Search Engine. http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/ This Website includes history, pictures, and directions for use. It also contains a copy of an article discussing a 1946 contest in Tokyo between a calculator user (an American GI) and an abacus user (a Japanese). http://www.webcom.com/calc/ . Quoting from the Website: The history of mathematics goes a long way back with devices and methods of calculation. Starting with the ancient Abacus, the slide rule and the logarithms, the mechanical calculating machines, the electromechanical calculators and finally the electronic computer. This site deals mainly with the mechanical calculating machines from a collector's point of view. http://www-sci.lib.uci.edu/HSG/RefCalculators.html

4. History Of Computers LinkedWords™ - Contextually Find And Manage Web I
   Added April 6, 2006, 233 am Found in page http//www.linkedwords. com/computers/computers-history/history_of_computers.php - Main site  
   http://www.linkedwords.com/computers/computers-history/history_of_computers.php
   
   Extractions: This page contains listings contextually, grammatically and meaningfully related to the keyword/phrase '... history of computers ...'. If you have text in any page containing the keyword/phrase '...history of computers...' you can add your contextual listing here; it's free and your listing will appear online in real time containing hyper link to your page. In addition, if you are familiar with the keyword/key phrase

5. History Of Computers - FreePedia, Free Indian Encyclopedia
   Retrieved from http//www.freepedia.in/history_of_computers . Categories Information Technology Computers. Views. Personal tools  
   http://freepedia.in/History_of_Computers
   
   Extractions: Jump to: navigation search google_ad_client = "pub-8573782302712174"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_ad_channel = "5010267977"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "B30F2C"; google_color_text = "B30F2C"; google_color_url = "B30F2C"; References Year

6. Computers - History Of Computers
   _History of Computers _ By Jar History of the Computer Industry Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives.  
   http://essay.studyarea.com/Old_Essay/Computer/history_of_computers.htm
   
   Extractions: By: Jar History of the Computer Industry Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U.S. and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American Society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of peoples lives for the better The very earliest existence of the modern day computers ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to programming rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascals father who was a tax collector (Soma, 32)

7. History Of Computing - Glasgledius
   Table of contents. 1 Computing history overview. 2 Earliest Devices. 3 First Generation of Computers. 4 Second Generation. 5 Third Generation and Beyond  
   http://www.glasglow.com/e2/hi/History_of_computers.html
   
   Extractions: 2 External Links This narrative presents the major developments in the history of computing and tries to put them into perspective. For a detailed timeline of events, see computing timeline Humanity has used devices to aid in computation for millennia; an example is the abacus . The first machines that could arrive at the answer to an arithmetical question more or less autonomously started to appear in the 1600's, limited to addition and subtraction at first, but later also able to perform multiplications. These devices used techniques such as cogs and gears first developed for clocks. The difference engines of the 1800s could carry out a long sequence of such calculations in order to construct mathematical tables, but were not widely used. The defining feature of a "universal computer" is programmability , which allows the computer to emulate any other calculating machine by changing a stored sequence of instructions. In

8. History Of Computing - Wikipedia
   Table of contents showTocToggle( show , hide ). 1 Computing history overview. 2 Earliest Devices. 3 First Generation of Computers. 4 Second Generation  
   http://facetroughgemstones.com/wikipedia/hi/History_of_computers.html
   
   Extractions: 2 External Links This narrative presents the major developments in the history of computing and tries to put them into perspective. For a detailed timeline of events, see computing timeline Humanity has used devices to aid in computation for millennia; an example is the abacus . The first machines that could arrive at the answer to an arithmetical question more or less autonomously started to appear in the 1600's, limited to addition and subtraction at first, but later also able to perform multiplications. These devices used techniques such as cogs and gears first developed for clocks. The difference engines of the 1800s could carry out a long sequence of such calculations in order to construct mathematical tables, but were not widely used. The defining feature of a "universal computer" is programmability , which allows the computer to emulate any other calculating machine by changing a stored sequence of instructions. In

9. Talk:History Of Computers - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
   If Univac was a 1000 times faster what were its competitors? Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkhistory_of_computers  
   http://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Talk:History_of_computers

10. 400 Word Essay [Archive] - Halflife2.net
    xombine. 2504-2006, 1222 AM. 400 words is simple. And don t ask us, ask Wiki (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/history_of_computers). ;)  
    http://www.halflife2.net/forums/archive/index.php/t-104789.html
    
    Extractions: :cat: 25-04-2006, 12:21 AM The title is a bit misleading, I thought you were doing some PhD level astrophysics or something if you were writing that much stuff! Hectic Glenn 25-04-2006, 12:21 AM 400 PAGE essay or 400 words? Because words brother, they come easy, especially 400 of them, take it easyyyyy. xombine 25-04-2006, 12:22 AM 400 words is simple. And don't ask us, ask Wiki (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computers). ;) MiccyNarc 25-04-2006, 12:23 AM Just write a paper. Make sure you mention ENIAC, Apple, Windows. Kamikazie 25-04-2006, 12:23 AM 400 PAGE essay or 400 words? Because words brother, they come easy, especially 400 of them, take it easyyyyy.

11. Talk:History Of Computers - Indopedia, The Indological Knowledgebase
    Retrieved from http//indopedia.org/Talkhistory_of_computers.html . This page has been accessed 19 times. This page was last modified 1551,  
    http://indopedia.org/Talk:History_of_computers.html
    
    Extractions: Printable version Wikipedia Article ज्ञानकोश: - The Indological Knowledgebase I think the page should start with the mechanical calculators of Schickard Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz Also, Zuse 's and Alan Turing 's work is missing. Anybody know more about the eighteenth century polynomial solver that's mentioned in the difference engine section? If Univac was a 1000 times faster - what were its competitors? Retrieved from " http://indopedia.org/Talk:History_of_computers.html This page has been accessed 27 times. This page was last modified 15:51, 25 Feb 2002 by Anonymous user(s) of Indopedia. Articles started before 24 Dec 2004 are outsourced from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, and occasionally developed by Indopedia authors. All Wikipedia content available under GFDL 1.2 . For Indopedia-specific content, ask the permission of the particular Indopedian. Recommended browser - Internet Explorer 6. Recommended Font to see diacritics - VU Arial.

12. History Of Computers
    History of Computers. Manually operating devices. Abacus (Around 3rd century. Perfected in the 12th century. Mechanical device. 1642 Blaise Pascal  
    http://www.allhallows.org/noflash/Computeroneweb/history_of_computers.htm
    
    Extractions: 1642 Blaise Pascal First gear-driven counting machine (Pascaline) He was 18years old. To help tax collector father through 9 10’s, 100’s, 1000’s, etc. More than 50 versions made Idea behind Pascaline used for next 300 years 1670’s Gottried Wilhelm Leibniz ( German Mathematician Invented mechanical calculator Improved on Pascaline Used crank on side 1834 Charles Babbage (English Mathematician Proposed Analytical Engine First general purpose programmable computer. Would have used punch cards Electromechanical devices (Gears ,wheels, and mechanical parts) 1890 Herman Hollerith worked for Census Started IBM (International Business Machine corp.)

13. Talk:History Of Computers - Biocrawler, The Free Encyclopedia
    From Biocrawler. (There is currently no text in this page). Retrieved from http//www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Talkhistory_of_computers  
    http://www.biocrawler.com/w/index.php?title=Talk:History_of_computers&redirect=n

14. History Of Computers/Talk - Wikipedia
    Retrieved from http//nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/history_of_computers/Talk . This page was last modified 1925, 9 August 2001. Content is available under  
    http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computers/Talk
    
    Extractions: From Wikipedia History of computers HomePage Recent changes View source ... Log in Special pages Double redirects Broken redirects Disambiguation pages Log in Preferences My watchlist Recent changes Upload file File list Gallery of new files User list User group rights Statistics Random page Orphaned pages Uncategorized pages Uncategorized categories Uncategorized files Uncategorized templates Unused categories Unused files Wanted pages Wanted categories Most linked-to pages Most linked-to categories Most linked-to templates Pages with the most categories Most linked-to files Pages with the most revisions Pages with the fewest revisions Short pages Long pages New pages Oldest pages Dead-end pages Protected pages Protected titles All pages Prefix index List of blocked IP addresses and usernames User contributions What links here Related changes Book sources Categories Export pages Version System messages Logs MIME search Search for duplicate files List redirects Unused templates Random redirect Pages without language links File path Search List of Wikimedia wikis Expand templates CategoryTree Gadgets Parser diff test Cross-namespace links Wikimedia Board of Trustees election Search web links

15. History Of Computers WebQuest
    History of Computers. A WebQuest for Technology Students. Redesigned by Mrs. Miller millerlc@insightbb.com. Designed by Mrs. Carr pcarr@sau21.k12.nh.us  
    http://smadison.k12.in.us/TechPD/history_of_computers.htm
    
    Extractions: Introduction What was the most significant computer advancement in modern history? As a computer technology student and a future educator it is important to understand the history of computers. You will be learning about the important, people, places and inventions in computer history. You and your group will decide as a group how to answer the Essential Question and create a PowerPoint presentation. This assignment is designed to get you to study the past to understand the present and prepare for the future in computer technology, familiarize you with the WebQuest structure, and give you practical application of PowerPoint. These presentations will be shared with elementary/middle school students as a component of a computer course. Presentation groups should focus on a grade range (K-1, 2-3, 4-6, or 7-8 [indicate on title slide grade appropriate group - don't forget about readability, attention span, and interest) Curriculum Standards

16. WikiAnswers - Why Were Computers Invented
    Computer Programming question History of computers? history of computers the first computer ever mad ewa sin 1945. the were not like we have them today.  
    http://wiki.answers.com/Q/History_of_computers
    
    Extractions: setWss('Inventions','/NotLgd/question/TechnologyInventions',null,null,null,null,''); In: Inventions Computer History It is difficult to identify any one device as the earliest computer, partly because the term "computer" has been subject to varying interpretations over time. Originally, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed numerical calculations (a human computer), often with the aid of a mechanical calculating device. The first computers were invented as counting devices. The Pascaline, one of the earliest mechanical devices for calculating, was invented in 1642 to help Blaise Pascal with the recording of taxes. The first electronic calculating machine was invented by Herman Hollerith in the late 1800's, this time for the purpose of the U.S. Census. The first electronic digital computer was built by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at Iowa State University during 1937-42. What today is known as the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was intended to solve large systems of linear equations. The first computer-like machine was the Mark I, built in the 1930's, but it was really little more than a highly sophisticated calculator. Finally, in 1946, ENIAC, the first true computer was completed. Originally built to help with the war effort by calculating the trajectory of artillery shells, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integration and Calculator) could make decisions, the key feature that distinguishes calculators from computers. It was constructed at the University of Pennsylvania by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. Credit for the original design of the electronic computer, however, is given to John Atanasoff of Iowa State University for his ABC.

17. History Of Computers
    History of Computers. Complete the following hunt using the links provided. Type your answers in a new word processing file.  
    http://slms.leesummit.k12.mo.us/bgard/ScavHunts/History_of_Computers.htm

18. History Of Computers - The National Museum Of American History Photos
    Check out History of Computers pictures and other The National Museum of American History photos at IgoUgo.  
    http://photos.igougo.com/pictures-photos-b86574-p242586-History_of_Computers.htm

19. Computer News Reviews EBooks Articles - History Of Computers
    Computer eBooks Articles Reviews News Tech Talk Computer Hardware Software Technology Mobile Laptop Review Free ebook download India.  
    http://www.itportal.org/News/EBooks/History_of_Computers/
    
    Extractions: Blog Search SiteMap ... EBooks History of Computers Thursday, 29 May 2008 Links Latest Topics Who's Online Recent Poll What you think about this Site Yes, It's Excellent Looking Good Hmm. it's Ok No, It's Bad Sorry, I have No Idea ITPortal.org - Not Just Computer News, We know What you Need History of Computers Written by Administrator Wednesday, 23 November 2005 Title: Timeline of Computer History Author: Bobcarlson and his classmates Publisher: IT Portal.org Distributor: IT Portal.org Price: Free Download it Here Last Updated ( Wednesday, 23 November 2005 ) [ Back ] Do you Feel this site is Loading too Slow? Stop using the Stupid Internet Explorer! News Navigation Innovations Reviews eBooks Downloads ... The Best of 2005 News Archive Innovations Reviews eBooks Downloads ... Guides Login Form Username

20. The History Of Computers
    The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago, at the birth of the abacus, a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them.  
    http://www2.esc9.net/munday/history_of_computers.htm
    
    Extractions: The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago, at the birth of the abacus, a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them. When these beads are moved around according to programming rules used by the user, all regular arithmetic problems can be done. Blaise Pascal is usually credited for building the first digital computer in 1642. It added numbers entered with dials and was made to help his father, a tax collector. In 1671 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented a computer that was built in 1694. It could add, and, after changing some things around, multiply. Leibniz invented a special stepped gear mechanism for introducing the added digits, and this is still being used. The prototypes made by Pascal and Leibniz were not used in many places, and considered weird until a little more than a century later, when Thomas of Colmar created the first successful mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide Charles Babbage realized in 1812 that many long calculations, especially those needed to make mathematical tables, were really a series of predictable actions that were constantly repeated. From this he suspected that it should be possible to do these automatically. He designed an automatic mechanical calculating machine, which he called a difference engine. By 1822, he had a working model to demonstrate with. With financial help from the British government, Babbage started fabrication of a difference engine in 1823. It was intended to be steam powered and fully automatic, including the printing of the resulting tables, and commanded by a fixed instruction program. In 1833 he lost interest in this machine because he thought he had a better idea—the construction of what would now be called a general purpose, fully program-controlled, automatic mechanical digital computer. Babbage called this idea an Analytical Engine.

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