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Lichens:     more books (100)

River-Walking Songbirds & Singing Coyotes: An Uncommon Field Guide to Northwest Mountains by Patricia K. Lichen, 2001-06-01 The Lichens Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens (NATO SCIENCE SERIES: IV: Earth and Environmental Lichens: An Illustrated Guide by Frank S. Dobson, 1992-06 Lichens of California (California Natural History Guides, 54) by Mason E. Hale Jr., Mariette Cole, 1989-04-25 Biology of Lichens (Contemporary Biology) by Mason E. Hale, 1983-09 Lichen Planus - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References by ICON Health Publications, 2004-04-13 A Popular History of British Lichens by William Lauder Lindsay, 2010-10-14 A Manual of British Lichens: Containing Descriptions of All the Species and Varieties by William Mudd, 2010-04-20 Identification of Lichen Substances by Siegfried Huneck, Isao Yoshimura, 1996-08-31 Lichens, An Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species by Frank Dobson, 2005-01-01 Flora of Australia Volume 58A: Lichens 3 (Flora of Australia Series) by Australian Biological Resources Study, 2001-08 The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland Flora of New Zealand: Lichens by D. J. Galloway, 1985-12

lists with details

41. Lichens - Definition From The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
    Definition of lichens from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games.  
    http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lichens
    
    Extractions:  any of several skin diseases characterized by a papular eruption  any of numerous complex plantlike organisms made up of an alga and a fungus growing in symbiotic association on a solid surface (as a rock) adjective adjective [lichen illustration] Learn more about "lichen" and related topics at Britannica.com Find Jobs in Your City Pronunciation Symbols

42. Lichens Of North America - Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran
    lichens are a unique form of plant life, the product of a symbiotic association between an alga and a fungus. The beauty and importance of lichens have long  
    http://yalepress.yale.edu/book.asp?isbn=9780300082494

43. Lichens - Free Music Downloads - MP3 Downloads - Download.com Music
    lichens @ Download.com Music Download free legal MP3s, post reviews, and find similar artists.  
    http://music.download.com/lichens/3600-8274_32-100807607.html
    
    Extractions: Home Best New Releases Audience Picks ... Minimalist var aphome_off = 'http://i.d.com.com/i/mdl/global/2006/pages/tab_aphome_on.gif'; var aphome_over = 'http://i.d.com.com/i/mdl/global/2006/pages/tab_aphome_on.gif'; Avg user rating: Out of 13 votes Your rating: Write your review Similar Artists: Lustmord, Rapoon, Brian Eno, William Basinski registerJSDefaults(8274, 32, handleAjaxError);

44. Nearctica - Natural History - Lichens
    lichens are not true organisms, but rather represent a beneficial, symbiotic relationship between a species of fungi and a species of algae.  
    http://www.nearctica.com/nathist/fungi/lichens.htm
    
    Extractions: Lichens Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Fun with Lichens - Lichenland . Oregon State University. This is certainly a great lichen site. You have two options; either non-technical or a more advanced approach. In either case you query a database of lichen photographs and information by choosing from a series of options based on structure, life history, color, and so forth. You can find out about each of the characters and structures of lichens by clicking on the picture associated with each rather than making a choice. The result is one or more species satisfying these characters and for each species there are both photographs and information. Natural Prospective . The Fungus Kingdom: Lichens. Art Kornfeld. This page is a tremendous, non-technical introduction to lichens with wonderful photographs and information about the biology and structure of lichens.

45. MySpace.com - THE HEAVY STEADIES - Los Angeles, California - Rock / Pop / Soul -
    MySpace music profile for DAVE lichens and THE HEAVY STEADIES (SHOW FRIDAY) with tour dates, songs, videos, pictures, blogs, band information, downloads and  
    http://www.myspace.com/davelichens

46. Cloudbridge Project In Costa Rica: Lichens
    lichens are those crusty growth that give color to rocks and trees. The plantlike appearance of lichens hides their true identity. A lichen is not a single  
    http://giddy.org/cloudbridge/lichens/
    
    Extractions: Lichens are those crusty growth that give color to rocks and trees. The plant-like appearance of lichens hides their true identity. A lichen is not a single organism, but the result of a partnership (mutualistic symbiosis) between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner an alga or cyanobacteria. The fungi offer shelter while the algae convert light into nutrition. The body of a lichen consists of fungal filaments (hyphae) surrounding cells of green algae and/or blue-green cyanobacteria. The basis of the mutualistic symbiosis in lichens is similar to the partnership between some species of fungi (called mycorrhizia) and the roots of most rainforest trees. The lichen fungus provides its partner a benefit (protection) and gains nutrients in return. Lichens symbiotic with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria provide some forests with much of their nitrogen. Rain and mist wash soluble nitrogenous compounds from the lichens to the forest floor, where the mycorrhizal fungi in the tree roots absorb them as nutrients. Some tree species even send out roots from their branches into canopy lichens, thereby taking in fixed nitrogen directly.

47. Palomar Mtn. Lichens
    DISCLAIMER Unlike vascular plants, there are very few illustrated keys to the lichens. Even with color photographs, it is practically impossible to  
    http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lichpal1.htm
    
    Extractions: and riparian canyons on Palomar Mt. are also included in this checklist. Verrucaria . Many of the lichens on Palomar Mountain have enormous worldwide distributions and also occur in Europe (British Isles), Africa and South America. Many species produce microscopic soredia (clusters of algal cells intertwined with fungal hyphae). The granular soredia are produced in pustules on the surface of the lichen called soralia. Like dust particles, the soredia become airborne and travel to distant continents in one of nature's most remarkable dispersal scenarios. Isidia are small, pimplelike protuberances containing both algae and fungi which readily become detached and dispersed to new locations. Note: In the chemical tests used on lichen thalli K = lye or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), C = Clorox

48. Removing Lichens
    To clear up a common misconception, lichens do not eat the rock, rather they naturally grow on stone surfaces that are available to them, whether these  
    http://www.savinggraves.org/education/bookshelf/lichens.htm
    
    Extractions: To clear up a common misconception, lichens do not eat the rock, rather they naturally grow on stone surfaces that are available to them, whether these surfaces are naturally occurring or are artifacts of human activity. You will not be helping to preserve the stones by removing the lichen. The gray and orange patches formed by lichens on gravestones give a distinctive character to an old cemetery. These attractive "time-stains" not only enhance the appearance of the churchyard but are often of some rarity for which, like many other organisms, the cemetery is a wildlife sanctuary. Many lichens require a particular type of stone on which to live and, in many lowland districts, the cemetery may be the only undisturbed location in the area for many of these types of stones. There are differing views as to whether lichens damage the stone on which they are growing or whether they protect it. There is evidence that the acid substances produced by lichens can attack the stone, but this effect is limited to a very thin layer immediately under the lichen. Any small cracks present or caused by this process will probably be infiltrated by the fine root-like hairs (fungal hyphae) of the lichen and this may cause more damage. It has, however, been argued that any damage caused by these processes is less than would be brought about by the weather if the lichen was not present. The tough, rather thick, lichen can protect the underlying stone from the weathering effects of wind, rain and frost. On some soft stones in exposed sites the lichens may eventually cover raised areas where the surrounding stone has been eroded away by natural weathering.

49. OSU Lichen & Bryophyte Research Group
    Northwest Lichen Guild. The Northwest Lichen Guild meets yearly, in conjunction with the Northwest Science Association in March.  
    http://oregonstate.edu/dept/botany/lichens/
    
    Extractions: 13 April 1996 This site is being designed and updated by Eric B. Peterson and Eric T. Peterson . Questions, comments, or concerns about these pages can be directed to either of them. Purposes Structure The group is held together by common interests and exchange of ideas rather than by a formal organizational structure. Communication to the group can be directed through any of its members. Publications The group has no regular publication or newsletter. Rather, communication takes place largely through the peer-reviewed literature. Recent publications are available from the authors, or contact from Bruce McCune Gatherings Research Themes Taxonomy and systematics of lichens and bryophytes Effects of alternative forest management practices on epiphytes Use of lichens as indicators of air quality Conservation of rare, threatened, and endangered species

50. Lichens
    a, but the rover s instruments were able to detect lichens and bacterial colonies in two areas a coastal reg and scientists found that they contained  
    http://www.bio-medicine.org/q/lichens/
    
    Extractions: Robot-based system developed at Carnegie Mellon detects life in Chile's Atacama desert ...a, but the rover's instruments were able to detect lichens and bacterial colonies in two areas: a coastal reg...and scientists found that they contained life. The lichens and bacteria in the samples are growing and awaiting analysis." Waggoner and his colleagues have de... Evidence of 600-million-year old fungi-algae symbiosis discovered in marine fossils ...ces, is a paleobotanist who has reported on fossil lichens in Scotland. Lichen is a consortium of two organi...ing in more than a chance association." In modern lichens and in the 400-million-year-old Scotland fossils, the coccoidal cells provide the nutrients and the ... Freeze-dried mats of microbes awaken in Antarctic streambed ...nhabiting the area include microorganisms, mosses, lichens and a few groups of invertebrates. Study collaborators included Cathy Tate of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver; Ned Andrews of the USGS, Boulder, Colo.; Dev Niyogi of the University of Missouri-Rolla; CU-Boulder graduate student Karen Cozetto; Cat...

51. BSA Online Image Collection, Lichens
    BSA Online Image Collection, lichens. BSA Online Image Collection, lichens. Welcome to the Botanical Society of America s online image collection.  
    http://www.botany.org/plantimages/Lichens.php
    
    Extractions: Welcome to the Botanical Society of America's online image collection. We hope you enjoy a browse through our members' contributions. Please note: each image acts as a link to a page containing more information, and a larger version of the picture. RETURN TO THE IMAGE MAP Cladonia cristatella Xanthoparmelia conspersa Usnea ... Foliose lichen

52. Lichen-Feeding Moths As Bioindicators Of Air Pollution
    Technical article discussing how lichens play prominent roles in air pollution studies because of their sensitivity to different gaseous pollutants,  
    http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1996/simonson.htm

53. TPWD: Lichens -- Young Naturalist
    Among the hardiest and most resistant of all plant organisms are the lichens (LIkens). These primitive plants can stand long periods of drought,  
    http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/nonpwdpubs/young_naturalist/plants/lich
    
    Extractions: Local Navigation Main Content Home Print Friendly ... Doing Business Search Young Naturalist Table of Contents Part IV: Earth Sciences Related Young Naturalist Links Among the hardiest and most resistant of all plant organisms are the lichens (LI-kens). These primitive plants can stand long periods of drought, incredible heat, and freezing temperatures, making it possible for them to live where nothing else can. Rock surfaces appear to be splashed with paint when the colorful orange star lichen or the green stud lichen cover them. Since some lichens appear to grow out of solid rock, primitive man believed that the rocks produced them. This idea was still accepted by many people until 1866, when a scientist with the aid of a microscope proved it incorrect. He discovered that the fungus part of the plant anchors the lichen to the rough surface of a bare rock with tiny threadlike growths. Rock-growing lichens play an important role in nature's plan by converting rocks into soil. They produce a weak acid which slowly dissolves the minerals, forming tiny cracks in the surface of the rock. As the tiny cracks appear, the threads of the fungus dig deeper into the rock. These threads shrink in dry weather and swell in wet weather, enlarging the cracks. During cold weather, the moisture in these cracks freezes, often breaking or splitting off pieces of the rock.

54. Institute For Field Education - Lichens
    lichens are a big part of the Arctic flora. Here are a few photos of some of the species found along arctic rivers and uplands.  
    http://muskox.com/lichens/ms.shtml
    
    Extractions: Home Staff Bill Gould Gould Home Page ... Publications Lichens are a big part of the Arctic flora. Here are a few photos of some of the species found along arctic rivers and uplands. For more detailed information on the lichen floras of these rivers click here Alpine Arnica, with Xanthoria growing on rock in background. Vulpicina pinastri , a beautiful yellow lichen,

55. Lichens, Mosses, Fungi - Endangered, Threatened & Special Concern Species: Minne
    List of Minnesota endangered, threatened and special concern lichens, mosses, fungi with their scientific and common names.  
    http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/ets/lichens.html
    
    Extractions: search a-z list calendar newsroom ... Endangered species Minnesota Symbols Coloring Book Lichens Endangered Buellia nigra (Fink) Sheard a species of lichen Caloplaca parvula Wetm. a species of lichen Dermatocarpon moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr. a species of lichen Leptogium apalachense (Tuck.) Nyl. a species of lichen Lobaria scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. a species of lichen Parmelia stictica (Del.) Nyl. a species of lichen Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain. a species of lichen Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. a species of lichen Threatened Cetraria oakesiana Tuck. a species of lichen Coccocarpia palmicola a species of lichen Parmelia stuppea Tayl. a species of lichen Special concern Anaptychia setifera Rs. a species of lichen Cetraria aurescens Tuck. a species of lichen Cladonia pseudorangiformis Asah. a species of lichen Lobaria quercizans Michx. a species of lichen Peltigera venosa (L.) Hoffm. a species of lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach.

56. BC Biodiversity - Lichens Of BC
    lichens of British Columbia Information and pictures on Crustose, Foliose Fruticose lichens of BC.  
    http://bcbiodiversity.homestead.com/lichens.html
    
    Extractions:        Fruticose Lichens are radially symmetric so that the thallus is more or less round.  An outer layer of fungal cells surround the algal layer that is usually comprised of "clumps" of algal cells interspersed throughout the fungal hyphae.  Next to the algal layer is a fungal hyphae layer.  The center of the thallus may be hollow or filled with white, cottony, fungal hyphae.  Filamentous fruticose lichens take the shape of their filamentous algal symbiont.

57. Egan's Home Page
    I maintain a lichen herbarium of approximately 18000 identified specimens, For more research information and a list of WWW links on lichens, click here  
    http://avalon.unomaha.edu/lichens/
    
    Extractions: Robert S. Egan Professor of Biology Joined UNO Faculty in 1979 Ph.D. University of Colorado- Boulder Allwine Hall 514F Office: (402) 554-2491 Home: (402) 483-7051 8010 Abigail Dr., Lincoln 68516 FAX: (402) 554-3532 e-mail: regan@mail.unomaha.edu Each course I teach has its own home page including the catalog description, course syllabus, sample tests, and other information. Click and explore! Biology 4350 (Lichenology) To see information on graduate student theses (Master of Arts or Master of Science) completed under my direction, click on the button below. My research interests include the systematics, ecology and phytogeography of the lichen-forming fungi and other cryptogamic plants. My current research in lichen taxonomy utilizes traditional morphological approaches as well as data from TLC chemical analyses. I maintain a lichen herbarium of approximately 18,000 identified specimens, cataloged on computer databases, and have a lichen exchange program. I also maintain computer database files on more than 30,000 lichen literature references published since 1950, and developed a reference database on the North American lichens for the Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA) at: ( http://plants.usda.gov

58. Lichens | Rock Garden FAQ | Reindeer Moss
    What lichens (reindeer moss) are, and why they re important in rock gardens. Lichen (reindeer moss) is important for achieving a weathering effect in rock  
    http://landscaping.about.com/cs/rockgardens/f/what_is_lichen.htm
    
    Extractions: zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID+=" test7" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z155=zpreC(336,155);zItw=160 if(thin)gEI('abw').className='thin'; Search var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>28)h2.className="long"; Home Landscaping h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML); By David Beaulieu , About.com Question: What are lichens (reindeer moss ) and why are they important in rock gardens? Answer: Lichens are often spoken of in the same breath as "moss." In fact, a nickname for lichens is "reindeer moss," because they're a food source for reindeer. The "reindeer moss" moniker notwithstanding, a lichen is not a moss at all.

59. Lichens On Wood Plank, Costa Rica KDE-Look.org
    KDE Themes Wallpapers Icons Sounds Screenshots Schemes Skins Skinz Screensavers Splash Screens KJofol IceWM Kaiman News Forum GUI Polls Links Downloads GTK  
    http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php/Lichens on wood plank, Costa Rica?conte

60. Lichens
    lichens are organisms consisting of a fungus and a green or bluegreen alga growing together in a mutually beneficial, symbiotic, relationship.  
    http://www.extension.umn.edu/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/p429lichens.html
    
    Extractions: Lichens are organisms consisting of a fungus and a green or blue-green alga growing together in a mutually beneficial, symbiotic, relationship. The entire structure, called a thallus, is so different structurally from either of its partners that microscopic examination is necessary to distinguish the fungus and the alga. The fungus obtains water and minerals from the air and the material it is growing on. The alga provides carbohydrates and vitamins. Some blue-green algae fix nitrogen that is used by both the alga and the fungus. Nitrogen is also obtained from bird excrement, organic debris, or plant leachate. Lichens may be flat, leafy, or branched and hairlike. All three forms occur on tree bark as well as on rocks, soil, and other substrates. Colors may range from white to gray, red, green, yellow, and black. Although lichens grow on tree bark, they are not parasitic (disease-causing organisms), and do not harm trees. The fact that lichens grow rapidly when exposed to full sunlight may explain their profusion on dead trees. The one conclusion that may be drawn with certainty from lichens on trees is that the air nearby is relatively pure. Most lichens will not grow in a smoky or polluted atmosphere. References: Sinclair, W.A., Lyon, H.H., and Johnson, W.T. 1987. Lichens, p. 506 In: Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Comstock Publ. Assoc., Cornell U. Press, Ithaca, NY. 574 pp.

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