61. Soils Dull gray general soil background, or matrix color One of the identifying characteristics of wetlands, from both ecological and statutory points of view, http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/n_resource/wetlands/wetlands5_soils.htm

SOILS One of the identifying characteristics of wetlands, from both ecological and statutory points of view, is the presence of hydric, or wet, soils. Hydric soils are defined by the U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) as "soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part". The three critical factors that must exist for the soil to be classified as hydric soil are saturation, reduction and redoximorphic features. When a dominant portion of the soil exhibits these three elements the soil is classified a hydric soil. Saturation, the first factor, occurs when enough water is present to limit the diffusion of air into the soil. When the soil is saturated for extended periods of time a layer of decomposing organic matter accumulates at the soil surface. Reduction, the second factor, occurs when the soil is virtually free of elemental oxygen. Under these conditions soil microbes must substitute oxygen?containing iron compounds in their respiratory process or cease their decomposition of organic matter. Redoximorphic features, the third factor, include gray layers and gray mottles both of which occur when iron compounds are reduced by soil microbes in anaerobic soils. Iron, in its reduced form, is mobile and can be carried in the groundwater solution. When the iron and its brown color are thus removed, the soils show the gray color of their sand particles. The anaerobic, reduced zones can be recognized by their gray, blue, or blue?gray color. The mobilized iron tends to collect in aerobic zones within the soil where it oxidizes, or combines with additional oxygen, to form splotches of bright red?orange color called mottles. The mottles are most prevalent in the zones of fluctuating water and thus help mark the seasonal high water table.

62. Potato Fertilization On Irrigated Soils Describes importance of soil test before investigating types of fertilizer needed for raising potatoes on irrigated soil. For potato growers. http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/DC3425.html

FO-03425-GO Revised 1991 To Order Potato Fertilization on Irrigated Soils Carl J. Rosen Extension Soil Scientist Soil Science Irrigated potatoes are usually grown on coarse-textured soils low in organic matter. Typically, these soils are sandy loams or loamy sands, low in native fertility, and quite acid. Because potatoes demand large quantities of nutrients and these soils lack ability to supply nutrients for crop growth, fertilizer use for irrigated potato production is usually high. Over the years, however, continuous fertilizer use has built up the soil test levels of certain nutrients. This is why a sensible fertilizer program for potatoes should be based on soil test recommendations, tissue tests, yield goal projections, and previous crop. Nutrient Removal by the Potato Crop The amount of nutrients removed by a potato crop is closely related to yield (table 1). Usually, twice the yield will result in twice the removal of nutrients. The vines take up a portion of the nutrients needed for production. The rest goes to the tuber and is removed with harvest. The primary purpose of table 1 is to provide relative uptake of essential nutrients for potato production, but it should not be used to base fertilizer recommendations. Table 1. Uptake of soil nutrients by potato vines and tubers as a function of yield.

63. Clean Soils Environmental, Ltd. Oil and Hazardous Waste Assessment and Cleanup Professionals. http://www.cleansoils.com/

33 Estes Street, Post Office Box 591 Ipswich Massachusetts Fax: 978.356.1849 e-mail: bill@cleansoils.com Finding Quick and Cost Effective Environmental Solutions For Our Clients! Home CSE Today History Services ... Links UST Removal Groundwater Sampling Exploration Soil Gas Survey Environmental Services Environmental Consulting Services Underground Storage Tank Removal/Closure Licensed Site Professional (LSP) Services Soil, Sediment, Water, Air, Groundwater Testing ... Emergency Response "The Town recommends you and your firm, unequivocally, as a 'world class' environmental consultant. Not only do you have the qualifications, technical expertise and project management skills but have professionally performed to the best interests of your client consistent with state and local requirements." Larry Rittenberg , Assistant Town Administrator, Town of Burlington, MA Serving Clients Since 1988 Since 1998/ beginning of Web Site

64. Soils Engineering Inc. soils Engineering Inc.,bakersfield,geotechnical environmental and materials testing. http://www.soilsengineering.com/

Soils Engineering, Inc. Home About Us FAQs Contact Us ... Request A Quote "Good engineering doesn't cost... ...It Pays " Web Development by IES, Inc. var sc_project=1983568; var sc_invisible=1; var sc_partition=18; var sc_security="5be7d724";

65. Devonian Times - Plants And Soils The development of soils is an often overlooked aspect of the Devonian Transformation. However, changes in weathering and pedogenesis (soil formation) http://www.devoniantimes.org/opportunity/soils.html

Main Navigation Front Page Recent Findings Opportunity Knocked Who's Who ... Site Info Sub Navigation The Devonian Transformation The First Forests Feeding on the New Bounty ... Tetrapods Answer Plants and Soils The development of soils is an often overlooked aspect of the Devonian Transformation. However, changes in weathering and pedogenesis (soil formation) during this time had profound effects on terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. They may have even contributed to a global mass extinction and changed the climate. Weathering is the process of breaking parent rock material into smaller fragments and ultimately into soil. Weathering can and does occur without plants, but it occurs more slowly and is dominated by physical processes (e.g., abrasion and freeze-thaw fracturing). Physical weathering generally results in coarser sediment size (i.e., the soil is sandy and rocky) in part because the finer sediments are lost to water and wind erosion. Vascular plants can increase physical weathering by reducing erosion and thereby increasing the time during which the sediments can be physically altered in sutu. However, vascular plants also influence weathering via chemical processes. They do this by the direct and indirect production and delivery of organic acids. These acids are produced by mycorhizae (symbiotic root fungi), bacterial decomposition of plant matter and the abiotic oxidation of plant matter. Plants deliver these organic acids via leaching of surface litter and penetration of the sediments by roots. These processes, also known as chemical weathering, greatly increases the proportion of finer particles, especially clays.

66. EML: Databases: Soils The Soil Sampling Database provides information on EML s archived soil samples and sample measurements. In the early 1950 s the laboratory began a program http://www.eml.st.dhs.gov/databases/soils/

Script to break out if someone tries to load this page within a frame. Skip repetitive navigation links HOME Standards Radiological Emergency Management System ... Neutron Measurements The EML Soil Sampling Program The Soil Sampling Database provides information on EML's archived soil samples and sample measurements. In the early 1950's the laboratory began a program to take soil samples globally in order to confirm measurements taken through other means and estimate deposition in areas where no sampling was available. Strontium-90 was measured for the majority of samples analyzed; other fission products were also routinely measured and occasionally some short-lived isotopes were measured for specific studies. About the Soil sampling program Search the Soil Sample Archive Database Search the Soil Measurements Database Search for soil sampling locations ... home page Related links: Surface Air Sampling Program Global Fallout Program High-Altitude Sampling Program Lake Sediment Sampling Program ... Bone Sampling Program For more information about the Soils Program, contact: Note: Development of the archival database was funded by the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NN-20) in the Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, U.S. Department of Energy.

67. Mulch Ohio Colored Mulch Ohio Mulch Supplier Topsoil Ohio Topsoil Supplier Ohio Sagamore soils is a Ohio Mulch Supplier Ohio Topsoil Supplier has Mulch Ohio Colored Mulch Ohio Black Mulch Ohio Topsoil Ohio Top Soil Ohio Unilock Ohio http://www.sagamoresoils.com/

Sagamore Soils provides a variety of better landscape products to the North East Ohio market our products consist of soils mulches , limestone, gravel , compost, pavers and many other landscape products to contractors and home owners in Northeast Ohio. We are also a large recycling company that makes quality products from green waste. We have approximately 20 trucks in our fleet ranging from small single axle dump trucks that are great to delivery to residential customers as well as Semi and six axle dump trucks. We also have specialty vehicles such as conveyer and walking floor trucks. AC_FL_RunContent( 'codebase','http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=7,0,19,0','width','550','height','400','src','images/soilking','quality','high','pluginspage','http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer','movie','images/soilking' ); //end AC code Mulch Ohio Colored Mulch Ohio Mulch Supplier Topsoil Ohio ... Click here for Coupon HUDSON STORE 2001 E. BARLOW RD HUDSON, OH 44236

68. North American Forest Soils Conference - June 22-26, 2008 - The Inn At Virginia In 1958, the first North American Forest soils Conference was held at Michigan State University to bring together scientists who were interested in http://www.cpe.vt.edu/nafsc/

About the Conference In 1958, the first North American Forest Soils Conference was held at Michigan State University to bring together scientists who were interested in forest-soil relationships and to give them an opportunity to discuss their research results and encourage future research in this area. Every five years thereafter, researchers from universities, industry and government agencies have met to continue the tradition of discussing forest soils research from North America and around the globe. In 2008, come join us in Blacksburg Virginia as we celebrate the 50 th anniversary of the North American Forest Soils Conference. Conference Theme This conference will take a fresh look at how forest soils research has changed in the last 50 years, how technology has changed our understanding of forest soils processes and how do we continue to maintain functioning healthy soils. Who should Attend This conference is an opportunity for researchers, government professionals, forest industry personnel to interact and learn about forest soils research and where it may take us in the next 50 years. Conference Structure The conference will feature keynote addresses, oral and poster presentations relevant to the theme areas on Monday, Wednesday and Thursday morning. An all day field trip examining the unique geology, soils and vegetation relationships in the region will occur on Tuesday finishing with a banquet at the famous Mountain Lake Hotel that evening. A special 50

69. National Society Of Consulting Soil Scientists - NSCSS - Soils This page links to soil science resources with emphasis on three areas of practice microbiology, pedology and edaphology. This soil science disciplines http://www.nscss.org/soil.html

Home Site Map How to Join Member Directory ... Insurance NSCSS Soil Science Links "Civilization has its roots in the soil. " Charles Kellogg "We all should fall upon our knees and sing out praise for manganese." Richmond Bartlett "Nature is perverse. Especially soils." D. Kirkham "For every complex problem there is a simple, easy-to-understand, wrong answer." Unknown Links to Soil Science Sources Soil science information available from other professional sources: Organizations. Education. Agency. Business. This provides a straight forward structure familiar to all web surfers. Links to Soil Science Disciplines This page links to soil science resources with emphasis on three areas of practice: microbiology pedology and edaphology . This soil science disciplines content is the heart and soul of the NSCSS web site. This site maintained by Korlon Web Design Contact Us Home Page Sitemap

70. Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey This site provides free access to Iowa soils data for use in geographic information system applications. The site is maintained by the Iowa State University http://icss.agron.iastate.edu/

Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey Home This site provides free access to Iowa soils data for use in geographic information system applications. The site is maintained by the Iowa State University Geographic Information Systems Support and Research Facility in cooperation with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey. The Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey (ICSS) is a partnership that began in 1966 between the Iowa Cooperative Extension Service and the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station at Iowa State University, the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Division of Soil Conservation , and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service . The general purpose of the ICSS is to coordinate the collection, compilation, interpretation, publication, dissemination, and use of soil surveys in Iowa. News November 24, 2003

71. Soil Survey | Arizona NRCS The National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) program is a joint effort between cooperating Federal agencies, landgrant universities, and other State and http://www.az.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/soils/

Arizona Home About Us News Programs ... Contact Us Search Arizona All NRCS Sites for Technical Resources Engineering eFOTG GIS ... Soil Survey National Technical References Find a Service Center Soil Survey The National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) program is a joint effort between cooperating Federal agencies, land-grant universities, and other State and local agencies to map soils, collect soil data, interpret maps and data, and promote use of surveys. In Arizona, field investigations are made for parts of counties and the material is compiled in a published soil survey. The survey contains soil maps showing the geographic distribution of soils and a text that describes, classifies, and interprets soils. Arizona's Soil Survey program has professional soil scientists and other specialists working together as the Soil Survey Staff. The Soil Survey Staff is composed of three parts, with each playing a critical role in the overall Soil Survey program. The three parts include: State Office Soils Staff - under leadership of the State Soil Scientist, provide overall administration of the Soil Survey program, National Resources Inventory (NRI) , and the soil Geographic Information System (GIS) Technical Soil Services - provide assistance to customers using soil survey information. To request a particular soil survey, contact

72. Dig It! The Secrets Of Soil Exhibition Without soil, life on land would not exist as we know it. The soils under our feet are a vast reservoir for life and play a part in almost every aspect of http://forces.si.edu/soils/

Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Search Field: Search Submit: Advanced Search Plan Your Visit Exhibitions Education ... Exhibitions Dig It! The Secrets of Soil Opening to the public on July 19, 2008 For generations upon generations, we have lived on and learned to use soils. Soils sustain our world. Without soil, life on land would not exist as we know it. The soils under our feet are a vast reservoir for life and play a part in almost every aspect of human existence – food, housing, clothing, medicine, ecosystems and much more.  This vital living system is the focus of the planned 5,000 square-foot Exhibition scheduled to open at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History in 2008. Over most of the Earth’s land, and under some shallow waters, lies a thin layer of soil.  This “skin” is a complex and variable mixture of minerals, air, water, decaying remains of life, and countless living organisms.  The Exhibition will advance public understanding of the diversity, complexity and importance of soil for daily life.  Exhibition visitors will take a journey through the living world in the soils under our feet.  An interdisciplinary approach to the subject will provide a new context to explore the Museum’s diverse collections including the many organisms that live in soil, the geological and environmental conditions that produce soil, and the cultures that rely on soil.Â

73. Soil - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering of broken rock particles and decaying organic matter (humus) on the surface of the earth, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

Soil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Loess field in Germany Surface-water- gley developed in glacial till , Northern Ireland For other uses, see Soil (disambiguation) Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering of broken rock particles and decaying organic matter (humus) on the surface of the earth , capable of supporting life In simple terms, soil has three components: solid, liquid, and gas. The solid phase is a mixture of mineral and organic matter . Soil particles pack loosely, forming a soil structure filled with voids. The solid phase occupies about half of the soil volume. The remaining void space contains water (liquid) and air (gas). Contents Characteristics Formation In nature Uses ... edit Characteristics Darkened topsoil and reddish subsoil layers are typical in some regions. Soil color is the first impression one has when viewing soil. Striking colors and contrasting patterns are especially memorable. The Red River in Mississippi carries sediment eroded from extensive reddish soils like Port Silt Loam in Oklahoma . The Yellow River in China carries yellow sediment from eroding loessal soils.

74. Soil Harder Soil covers a major portion of the earth s land surface. It is an important natural resource that either directly or indirectly supports most of http://42explore.com/dirt.htm

The Topic: Soils Easier - Soil is the loose top layer of our planet's crust. It is dirt or earth in which plant life can grow. Harder - Soil covers a major portion of the earth's land surface. It is an important natural resource that either directly or indirectly supports most of the planet's life. Life here depends upon soil for food. Plants are rooted in soil and obtain needed nutrients there. Animals get their nutrients from plants or from other animals that eat plants. Many animals make their homes or are sheltered in the soil. Microbes in the soil cause the breakdown and decay of dead organisms, a process that in turn adds more nutrients to the soil. Soil is a mixture of mineral and organic materials plus air and water. The contents of soil varies in different locations and is constantly changing. There are many different kinds and types of soils. Each has certain characteristics including a specific color and composition. Different kinds of soils support the growth of different types of plants and also determine how well that plant life grows. Soil is formed slowly, but can be easily destroyed. Therefore, soil conservation is important for continued support of life.

75. Soil Science Education Home Page Biospheric Sciences Branch Soil Science Education Page. http://soil.gsfc.nasa.gov/

What's New? Features Links Resources ... Index Featured Soil Profile Amman Baccalaureate School, Amman, Jordan Here's the Soil Of The Month Archive Soil Science Basics Society the Environment ... Privacy, Security, Notices This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9801747. Soil Science Society of America Recipient: American Society of Agronomy 2002 Educational Materials Awards Program Certificate of Excellence This page's URL is: http://soil.gsfc.nasa.gov Webmaster: Izolda Trakhtenberg Information Contact: Izolda Trakhtenberg Illustration by: Rich Potter Responsible civil servant: Dr. Elissa Levine Goddard Space Flight Center Please send us your comments Last updated: April 20, 2005

76. Soil Data Mart - Help. USDANRCS Soil Data Mart Home page provides information for using the Soil Data Mart. http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/

Home Select State State Contacts Template Databases ... Help Soil Data Mart Help We have attempted to make the Soil Data Mart website easy for you to navigate and find information. The purpose of this page is to provide you with general information about this site and to help you resolve some common issues that may be experienced whilst browsing. If you still need a question answered after having read the information on this page, please see the Soil Data Mart Contact Us page for information on how to contact us with your question. On this page, you will find information on: The Soil Data Mart's Purpose Citing the Soil Data Mart JavaScript Cookies ... Feedback / Contact us The Soil Data Mart's Purpose The USDA-NRCS Soil Data Mart website has been created to meet provisions in the 2002 Farm Bill. It provides access to soil information and allows you to: Determine where soil tabular and spatial data is available. Download data for one soil survey area at a time.

77. NSSC SSL Soil Characterization Data Welcome to the NSSC Soil Survey Laboratory Research Database. This application allows users to generate, print and download reports containing soil http://ssldata.nrcs.usda.gov/

Data Usage and Citation How To: Report Generation How To: Download Data Characterization Data ... Contact Welcome Welcome to the NSSC Soil Survey Laboratory Research Database. This application allows users to generate, print and download reports containing soil characterization data stored and maintained by the NSSC Soil Survey Laboratory. Data can also be downloaded in comma delimited text files for use in other applications. To access the database, select the "Characterization Data" option from the menu on the left. These options allow you to search, display and download information from the database. Data Usage Statement How To: Report Generation Back to Top Site Map Contact USDA NRCS ... Nondiscrimination Statement

78. ASFE THE BEST PEOPLE ON EARTH International trade organization of professional firms practicing in the Geosciences. Organization overview, programs, news and event information, http://www.asfe.org/

Home Contact Us Member Search Tool Members Only ... On-line Survey Kleinfelder, Inc. 5015 Shoreham Place San Diego, CA - 92122 United States of America Featured ASFE News (Jan 14 2008) Biggest-Ever Advertising, PR Program Underway to the highest level ever: $100,000. ASFE ads are appearing (or ar ... full story (Jan 14 2008) Why You Need To Know How To Proofread The bold-faced message below, which has been making the Internet rounds for the past five years or so, demonstrates why you need to know how to proofread. In fact, proofreading is not full story Upcoming Events ASFE Meetings Apr, 01 2008 - ASFE Sharepoint Webinar for Committee Members Recent Blog Topics A client is a client is a client. View all ASFE Blogs Recent News Limitation of Liability and Economi ... Emerging Issues and Trends Committe ... New “All Appropriate Inquiry” Rules ... New California Law Nullifies Certai ... ... Not Your Daddy's ASFE ... New Publications Practice Alert 40: IT/MIS Survey Re ...

79. The Consortium For Agricultural Soil Mitigation Of Greenhouse Gases HOME The goal of CASMGS, which has received federal funding, is to provide the tools and information needed to successfully implement soil carbon sequestration http://www.casmgs.colostate.edu/

This site looks best using IE Colorado State University Iowa State University Kansas State University Michigan State University ... Help changeObjectPosition('search','topbar') Focal Areas Research Best Management Practices New Research Outreach Databases Reports Resources For Producers Scientists Policy Makers Industry ... Government Industry News Links Meetings Third USDA Symposium: Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry, Baltimore, MD, March 21 -24 2005 CASMGS Insider Comments? Questions? Click here CASMGS is funded by: The goal of CASMGS, which has received federal funding, is to provide the tools and information needed to successfully implement soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas reduction programs to lower the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere while providing income and incentives to farmers and improving the soil. CASMGS brings together the nation’s top researchers in the areas of soil carbon, greenhouse gas emissions, conservation practices, computer modeling, and economic analysis. The CASMGS project has been divided into five tasks, with a team of scientists assigned to each task. The overarching goal for Task 1 is to develop a basic understanding of biophysical processes that control soil carbon dynamics and GHG emissions in agricultural soils of the U.S.

80. Soil Chemistry 702/802 Homepage Contents include a course description and links to the course syllabus, student helps, and other pages which may be of use to students. http://pubpages.unh.edu/~harter/soilchem.html

Chemistry of Soils Soil Science (SOIL) 702/802 Course Description: Chemical composition of soil, colloidal phenomena and the exchange and fixation of elements, cation exchange capacity and source of negative charge, inorganic reactions in soil and their effect on soil properties. Prereq: one year college chemistry or permission. COURSE SYLLABUS: This page includes the basic course outline, course goals, grading objectives, a description of the required research paper, and a list of additional resources. STUDY QUESTIONS: These questions are provided to help students study for exams. Some are questions that have been asked on past exams, some are ideas for questions that the instructor decided against refining for an exam (too "far out"), and some are designed just to indicate the types of information students should attempt to understand. SOIL CHEMISTRY COMPETENCIES: The areas listed are those developed by the Soil Science Society of America. Those who wish to be certified by the national certification organization as professionals in soil science are required to take an exam, in which case at least a basic understanding of these areas will be required. This course is not specifically designed to follow the competency criteria listed, but students should be exposed to most areas as they go through the course. PERIODIC CHART: Need to check on element information? Here is a one of the best resources I have found. The only problem is that, residing in England, it can sometimes be a bit slow.

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