1. Apuleius - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia apuleius inherited a substantial fortune from his father, a provincial magistrate. apuleius studied with a master at Carthage (where he later settled) and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuleius

Apuleius From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Apuleius should not be confused with Lucius Appuleius Saturninus , a Roman demagogue or with Pseudo-Apuleius , an author. Sketch of Apuleius Lucius Apuleius Platonicus (c. AD -c. AD ), an utterly Romanized Berber who described himself as "half- Numidian half- Gaetulian ", is remembered most for his bawdy picaresque Latin novel the Metamorphoses , otherwise known as The Golden Ass or, in Latin, the Aureus Asinus (where the Latin word aureus - golden - connoted an element of blessed luckiness). He was born in Madaurus (now M'Daourouch Algeria ), a Roman colony in Numidia on the North African coast, bordering Gaetulia. This is the same colonia where Saint Augustine later received part of his early education, and, though located well away from the Romanized coast, is today the site of some pristine Roman ruins. Details regarding his life come mostly from his defense speech (see below) and a work entitled "Florida," which consists of snippets taken from some of his best speeches. Apuleius inherited a substantial fortune from his father, a provincial magistrate. Apuleius studied with a master at

2. Apuleius, Apologia: Seminar apuleius of Madauros (born c. 123 AD, d. c. 170) is best known as the author of the Metamorphoses, otherwise known (since Augustine s time) as The Golden http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/apuleius/

3. THE GOLDEN ASS OF APULEIUS - B. Slade An introduction to The Metamorphoses, with discussions on themes such as desire and labour. Includes numerous illustrations. http://www.jnanam.net/golden-ass/

[graphics-heavy; do please wait for the images to load, they are worth the wait] [first version; to be revised - please email THE GOLDEN ASS an ass just outside of Madaura (Algeria) The Golden Ass , also known by the alternative title, The Metamorphoses , is one of the greatest fantasies of the world . The latter name, The Metamorphoses , is found in the extant manuscripts, but Augustine, who studied some two centuries later at Madauros (as well as at Carthage), says that Apuleius called his work Asinus aureus or The Golden Ass, which name I shall use hereafter (the word 'golden' in this context denotes "a quality of excellence and admirability" rather than "the sense of being fashioned from gold"). Apuleius informs us that he is adapting a Greek story. This is supposed by many scholars to have been a story possibly by the Greek author Lucius of Patrae. This text is now lost, though Lucios or the Ass ) thought to be an abridgement of Lucius of Patrae's tale by Lucian, a Greek satirist and near-contemporary of Apuleius, still exists. However, the splendour of the

4. Apuleius APVLEIVS. (c. A.D. 123/5 – c. 180). METAMORPHOSES. Liber I Liber II Liber III Liber IV Liber V Liber VI Liber VII Liber VIII http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/apuleius.html

APVLEIVS METAMORPHOSES Liber I Liber II Liber III Liber IV ... Liber XI DE DOGMATE PLATONIS Liber I Liber II Apologia Florida ... The Classics Page

5. Books: The Golden Asse Hypertext of Adlington s translation of 1566 in eleven books, with notes about the author and a glossary for some of the archaic English terms. http://eserver.org/books/apuleius/

@import url(http://books.eserver.org/ploneColumns.css); @import url(http://books.eserver.org/plone.css); @import url(http://books.eserver.org/ploneCustom.css); Skip to content. EServer Books home Fiction The Golden Asse Books Search Sections Home About Fiction Nonfiction ... SiteMap Navigation Home About Fiction Agamemnon Baxter's Procrustes Beowulf The Choephori (Libation Bearers) The Decay of Lying Edgar Allan Poe The Eumenides Fanny Hill or, Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure The Golden Asse The Innocence of Father Brown Looking Backward: 2000 - 1887 Lumen Moll Flanders Notes from Underground Oroonoko; or, The Royal Slave Poetics Rikki-Tikki-Tavi Troilus and Criseyde Nonfiction Poetry The Golden Asse The humorous narrative in eleven books by Lucius Apuleius. by Lucius Apuleius Adlington's translation, 1566. This edition by Martin Guy, 1996 Table of Contents Notes on this Edition Epistle Dedicatory To the Reader The Life of Lucius Apuleius ... Eleventh Booke Personal tools You are not logged in Log in

6. Apuleius apuleius, along with Petronius, gives us our only notion of what the Roman NOVEL may have been like. http://community.middlebury.edu/~harris/LatinAuthors/Apuleius.html

APULEIUS and the Golden Ass Lucius Apuleius lived and wrote in Latin in Romanized North Africa around the middle of the 2 nd c. A.D. He was well versed in the popular Greek writing of the time, and shows in all his prose a strong interest in the supernatural, in Eastern religions, and in magic. In fact he was accused of casting spells on his wife by her family, and defended himself in the legal defense, or Apologia which we have. His interest in Greek philosophy led to the writing of a book of philosophical extracts, the Florida , an essay on Plato, another on Socrates' theology, and a translation from a spurious work of Aristotle De Mundo. But he is known mainly for his Metamorphoses , a prose romantic novel in eleven books which we have complete, written in an flowery but engaging and quite readable style modeled on the Greek Romances. However his vocabulary is large and the reader will often find his nose in the dictionary. The most famous of the many encapsulated stories is the long account of Cupid and Psyche, which is amazingly close to the Germanic Cinderella tale. The Metamorphoses often referred to as The Golden Ass, is written in a Grecizing style, with fairly involved syntax, couched in a large vocabulary. These things make Apuleius slightly difficult reading, but the engaging storytelling and natural flow of ideas leads the student on easily. Since the Renaissance the book has had a wide following, however it has never become a basic part of the modern Classical canon of authors, perhaps because of the novelistic form, the popular interests, including magic, and the post-Classical style of writing. This is unfortunate, since the Metamorphoses offers fascinating reading material for intermediate students who are developing their reading skills. There is a good Loeb edition from Harvard U Pr.,, the most readily accessible editions for general use, although without app. crit. or notes.

7. Ancient History Sourcebook: Isis Speaks To Lucius The cult of Isis was one of the most important of the empire wide cults in the later empire, and perhaps its greatest monument is in Lucius apuleius very http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/lucius-assa.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Lucius Apuleius (c.155 CE): Isis, Queen of Heaven The cult of Isis was one of the most important of the empire wide cults in the later empire, and perhaps its greatest monument is in Lucius Apuleius very strange novel, The Golden Ass. Here Isis appears to Lucius, and claims to be all goddesses. We see here the workings of an intense religious syncretism. Isis is here the Queen of Heaven, and principal of all the gods and goddesses. When I had ended this prayer, and made known my needs to the Goddess, I fell asleep, and by and by appeared unto me a divine and venerable face, worshipped even by the Gods themselves. Then by little and little I seemed to see the whole figure of her body, mounting out of the sea and standing before me, and so I shall describe her divine appearance, if the poverty of my human speech will allow me, or her divine power give me eloquence to do so. Thus the divine shape breathing out the pleasant spice of fertile Arabia, disdained not with her divine voice to utter these words unto me: Source: Lucius Apuleius: Metamophoses or The Golden Ass . Book 11, Chap 47. Adapted by Paul Halsall from the translation by Adlington 1566 in comparison with Robert Graves translation of 1951. Complete version online at ESERVER -

8. Lucius Apuleius --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on Lucius apuleius Platonic philosopher, rhetorician, and author remembered for The Golden Ass, a prose narrative http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9008104/Lucius-Apuleius

var britAdCategory = "history"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Lucius Apuleius Print this Table of Contents Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. Lucius Apuleius Page 1 of 1 born c. 124, , Madauros, Numidia [near modern Mdaourouch, Alg.] died , probably after 170 Platonic philosopher, rhetorician, and author remembered for The Golden Ass a prose narrative that proved influential long after his death. The work, called Metamorphoses by its author, narrates the adventures of a young man changed by magic into an ass. Apuleius, Lucius... (75 of 555 words) To read the full article, activate your FREE Trial Commonly Asked Questions About Lucius Apuleius Close Enable free complete viewings of Britannica premium articles when linked from your website or blog-post. Now readers of your website, blog-post, or any other web content can enjoy full access to this article on Lucius Apuleius , or any Britannica premium article for free, even those readers without a premium membership. Just copy the HTML code fragment provided below to create the link and then paste it within your web content. For more details about this feature, visit our

9. The Internet Classics Archive | The Defense By Apuleius The Defense by apuleius, part of the Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/Apuleius/apol.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help The Defense By Apuleius Translated by H. E. Butler The Defense has been divided into the following sections: Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Commentary: No comments have been posted about The Defense Add your own comment to start discussion. Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site Download: A 208k text-only version is available for download

10. The Tazzla Institute - Apuleius Of Madaurus Lucius apuleius is known as the author of several prose masterpieces written in Latin. apuleius of Madaurus wrote in the language of the Roman conquerors of http://www.tazzla.org/apuleius.htm

APULEIUS OF MADAUROS Amazigh Philosopher and World Advocate (c. 124 - c. 180 AD) Published in The Amazigh Voice Magazine, Fall 2001, Volume 10, No. 2, pages 8-13. Lucius Apuleius is known as the author of several prose masterpieces written in Latin. Apuleius of Madaurus wrote in the language of the Roman conquerors of North Africa. However, Apuleius was not a Roman. He was a native of North Africa and proud of it. Little has been made of his "Berber" origins, and the fact that he was not Roman by birth. Apuleius was strictly a citizen of Rome due to the fact that his ancestral land was then a Roman colony, and Roman citizenship had been granted to the inhabitants of the colony of Madauros. Apuleius is best remembered for his brilliant novel, the Metamorphoses, also known as The Golden Ass. He is the author of Florida and of three philosophical treatises, entitled De Plato De Socrates , and De Mundi . In addition, a great deal of recent scholarship has paid close attention to another of his works, Apologia Defense ,) a unique document in the Latin classics. It is a piece of linguistic virtuosity, thought to have been orally delivered by Apuleius in his own defense in front of pro-consul Claudius Maximus and a court of Roman magistrates convened in Sabratha, a North African city not far from Tripoli. He stood accused of sorcery, an offense punishable by death under Roman law enacted in the first century.

11. Bodleian Library: Western Manuscripts To C. 1500: MS. Ashmole 1431 Ps. apuleius, Herbal England, St. Augustine s abbey, Canterbury; 11th century, c. 10701100. Catalogue information Bodleian filmstrips Image captions http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/medieval/mss/ashmole/1431.htm

MS. Ashmole 1431 Ps. Apuleius, Herbal England, St. Augustine's abbey, Canterbury; 11th century, c Catalogue information Bodleian filmstrips Image captions Image quality ... Image sizes symbols. Images scanned from Bodleian filmstrip Roll 277.1 Source: Roll 277.1 frame 1 Small Medium Large fol. 3v (detail) Betonice (Betony) Source: Roll 277.1 frame 2 Small Medium Large fol. 5r (detail) Arnoglosse (Plantain) Source: Roll 277.1 frame 3 Small Medium Large fol. 6r Pentafillos (Cinquefoil, five-leaved grass). Columbaris (Vervain). Source: Roll 277.1 frame 4 Small Medium Large fols. 6v-7r Simphoniace (Henbane). Vipine (Snakeweed) and Achorum (Yellow Flag). Source: Roll 277.1 frame 5 Small Medium Large fols. 7v-8r Lentopodion (Lady's Mantle) and Sclerata (Ranunculus scleratus). Butracion Staticeum (Butterwort) and Artemesiae (Mugwort). Source: Roll 277.1 frame 6 Small Medium Large fols. 8v-9r Artemesiae tagantes and Artemesiae leptafillos. Lapatium (Water Dock) and Draconteae (Dragons) Source: Roll 277.1 frame 7

12. Apuleius D. Londey C. Johanson, The Logic of apuleius. Including a Complete Latin Text and English Translation of the Peri Hermeneias of apuleius of Madaura, http://www.let.kun.nl/~m.v.d.poel/bibliografie/apuleius.htm

ultima renovatio 14.01.2008 APULEIUS #Bibliographia #Editiones #Metamorphoses #Opera philosophica ... #Bibliographia M.G. Bajoni, Apuleio Filosofo Platonico 1940-1990, in: Lustrum 34 (1992), pp. 339-390. Apuleius, Met. 4.28-6.24 (Amor und Psyche): eine (sehr vorläufige) Bibliographie #Editiones G.F. Hildebrand, Opera omnia, 2 voll., c. comm., Leipzig 1842 (Hildesheim 1966). R. Helm, Teubner, vol. 1, Metamorphoses, ed. 3. 1931 (1992); vol. 2, fasc. 1 (De magia, Apologia) ed. 4. 1963 (1994); vol. 2, fasc. 2 (Florida), ed. 2. 1959 (1993); C. Moreschini, Teubner, vol. 3 (De philosophia libri) 1991. #Metamorphoses C. Giarratano - P. Frasinetti, ed., Turijn 19602. R. Helm, c. transl.,, ed. 6. recogn. W. Krenkel, Berlijn 1970. J. Arthur Hanson, 2 voll., Loeb 1989. E. Brandt - W. Ehlers, Tusculum B., ed. 4. recogn. 1989. M.A. Schwartz, transl., Haarlem 1970 (Amsterdam 1996). G. Augello, c. transl., Turijn 19802. S. van den Broeck, transl., Baarn 1988. J.A. Hanson, 2 vols., Loeb 1989. V. Hunink, transl., Amsterdam 2003. M. Molt, l. 1, comm., diss. Groningen 1938.

13. IntraText Digital Library: Author Card: Lucius Apuleius IntraText Digital Library Author Card Lucius apuleius. http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/Aut23.HTM

IntraText Digital Library Home Map Catalogue Updates ... Contacts Author Card Apuleius, Lucius Lucius Apuleius Apuleio On-line resources about this author: - Wikipedia IT http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuleio List of works available at IntraText This list contains only essential information: title, subtitle, language and ISFN. Sort order: Title, Date, Language Click on the title to show a detailed card and to read or download Apologia [in Omnia quae extant opera De Magia [158 ca] Lingua latina - in LAT0533 Apology [158 ca] English - ENG1294 De deo Socratis [in Omnia quae extant opera [160 (TAQ)] Lingua latina - in LAT0533 De mundo [in Omnia quae extant opera [160 (TAQ)] Lingua latina - in LAT0533 De Platone et eius dogmate [in Omnia quae extant opera [160 (TAQ)] Lingua latina - in LAT0533 Florida [in Omnia quae extant opera [160 (TAQ)] Lingua latina - in LAT0533 Metamorphoses [in Omnia quae extant opera Asinus aureus [170 ca] Lingua latina - in LAT0533 Omnia quae extant opera [02 sec.] Lingua latina - LAT0533 Best viewed with any browser at 800x600 or 768x1024 on Tablet PC - Some rights reserved by - 1996-2008. Content in this page is licensed under a

14. BibliOdyssey: The Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium 130 Pseudoapuleius, Dioscorides, Herbals (extracts); De virtutibus bestiarum in arte medicinae, in Latin and English England, Bury St. Edmunds; http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2007/01/pseudo-apuleius-herbarium.html

skip to main skip to sidebar BibliOdyssey Books Illustrations Science History Visual Materia Obscura Eclectic Bookart. Monday, January 15, 2007 The Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium Peristereon (Vervain) and Brionia (Black Bryony). Nimphea (Water-lily) and Chrision (Red Clover). Salvia (Sage), Coriandrum (Coriander) and Portulaca (Purslane). Cerefolium (chervil), Sisimbrium (Water Mint), Oleastrum (Alexanders), Lilium (Lily) and Tytimallum (Spurge). Senecion (Groundsel) and Filix (Asplenium). Gramen (Ttwitch Grass), Gladiolus (Flag) and Rosmarinus (Rosemary). Silvaticum (Sonchus), Lupinum (lupin), Lacterideum (Daphne gnidium) and Lactuca leporica (Lettuce). Scicideagria (Cucumber), Canapus silvaticus (Hemp) and Ruta montana (Ruta montana). Yperum (Horsetail) and Malva sivatica terratica (Malva sylvestris). Lingua bovis (Bugloss) and Scillitici (Squill). Mandragora (Male Mandrake) Book of Extracts from Dioscorides. Mandragora (Female Mandrake). Muoluta (House Leek), Eliotropion and Grias (Madder). Pollitricum (Hop Trefoil), Astula regia (Woodruff) and Splenion (Hartstongue). Papaveris silvatici (Opium Poppy) and Ynantes (Dropwort).

15. Apuleius Quotes - The Quotations Page apuleius (124 AD 170 AD) Roman philosopher, rhetorician, satirist more author details apuleius; He is the better equipped for life. http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Apuleius/

Quotation Search by keyword or author: Home Weblog Quotes of the Day Motivational ... Read books online at our other site: The Literature Page Quotations by Author Apuleius (124 AD - 170 AD) [more author details] Showing quotations 1 to 2 of 2 total Familiarity breeds contempt, while rarity wins admiration. Apuleius He is the better equipped for life. As for swimming, who has the less to carry. Apuleius Search for Apuleius at Amazon.com Showing quotations 1 to 2 of 2 total Previous Author: Aprocrypha Next Author: Aquaviva Return to Author List Browse our complete list of 3141 authors by last name: A B C D ... Z (c) 1994-2007 QuotationsPage.com and Michael Moncur Please read the

16. St. Apuleius - Catholic Online St. Peter converted apuleius and his companions. They are believed to have been martyred in Rome shortly after St. Peter. They are venerated as martyrs in http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1510

17. Harvard University Press: Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass), I : Books 1-6 By Apule Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass), I Books 16 by apuleius, published by Harvard In the Metamorphoses of apuleius, also known as The Golden Ass, http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/L044.html

Home Ordering Search/Browse Contact ... HUP Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass), I Books 1-6 Apuleius Edited and translated by J. Arthur Hanson In the Metamorphoses of Apuleius, also known as The Golden Ass, we have the only Latin novel which survives entire. It is truly enchanting: a delightful romance combining realism and magic. The hero, Lucius, eager to experience the sensations of a bird, resorts to witchcraft but by an unfortunate pharmaceutical error finds himself transformed into an ass. He knows he can revert to his own body by eating rose-petals, but these prove singularly elusive; and the bulk of the work describes his adventures as an animal. He also retails many stories that he overheard, the most charming being that of Cupid and Psyche (beginning, in true fairy-tale fashion, ' Erant in quadam civitate rex et regina '). Some of the stories are as indecent as they are witty, and two in the ninth book were deemed by Boccaccio worthy of inclusion in the Decameron. At last the goddess Isis takes pity on Lucius. In a surprising denouement, he is restored to human shape and, now spiritually regenerated, is initiated into her mysteries. The author's baroque Latin style nicely matches his fantastic narrative and is guaranteed to hold a reader's attention from beginning to end. J. Arthur Hanson was at the time of his death in 1985 Giger Professor of Latin at Princeton University. His publications include

18. Marriage Of Cupid And Psyche - Apuleius Golden Ass English translation of the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche from the Latin Golden Ass or Metamorphosis, by apuleius. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_cupidandpsyche.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID+=" test15" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Search Ancient / Classical History var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Ancient / Classical History Email ... Issues Filed In: Greece Greek Myths and Legends Cupid and Psyche The Marriage of Cupid and Psyche English translation of the marriage of Cupid and Psyche from the Latin Golden Ass , by Apuleius. More of this Feature Psyche loses Cupid and must complete the tasks imposed by Aphrodite to regain Cupid as her husband The Golden Ass Join the Discussion "I was comparing the story of Eros and Psyche to the account of young Spartan men sneaking into their wives bedrooms at night, so they won't be seen. Eros did not want his mum to know he had taken a wife (lover?) so he sneaked her into his home, and only came at night, when it was dark, to make love to her, then sneaking out again before it was light - so she never got to see what he looked like (or got to know him very well, presumably)." PAXALEX Related Resources Cupid and Psyche retold Apuleius Apuleius Resources Elsewhere on the Web Apulei Psyche Et Cupido (Cupid and Psyche in Latin) Related Books to Buy Amor and Psyche : The Psychic Development of the Feminine A Commentary on the Tale by Apuleius, by Erich Neumann

19. Apuleius Biography And Analysis apuleius biography with 51 pages of profile on apuleius sourced from encyclopedias, critical essays, summaries, and research journals. http://www.bookrags.com/Apuleius

Literature Guides Criticism/Essays Biographies Research Anything: All BookRags Literature Guides Teacher Products Essays Criticism Biographies Encyclopedias News History Encyclopedias Films News ... Amazon.com Apuleius Summary Order the Apuleius Study Pack Apuleius About 51 pages (15,420 words) in 5 products "Apuleius" Search Results Contents: Biographies Works by Author Summaries Criticism Biography Name: Lucius Apuleius Birth Date: c. 124 Death Date: c. 170 Place of Birth: Madauros, Numidia Nationality: Roman Gender: Male Occupations: author, philosopher, orator summary from source: Biography of Lucius Apuleius 5,194 words, approx. 17 pages Apuleii Opera Omnia, 2 volumes, edited by Gustav Friedrich Hildebrand (Leipzig: C. Cnobloch, 1842; reprinted, Hildesheim: Olms, 1968); Ad Apulei Madaurensis Metamorphoseon librum primum commentarius exegeticus, edited by Margaretha Molt (Groningen: M.... summary from source: Biography of (Lucius) (Madaurensis) Apuleius 4,775 words, approx. 16 pages Apuleius Madaurensis, or Apuleius of Madauros, is best known as the author of the Latin novel Asinus Aureus (The Golden Ass, after A.D. 160). The "Madaurensis" part of his name refers to his place of birth, Madauros, now known as Mdaurusch in modern... summary from source: Biography of Lucius Apuleius 1,519 words, approx. 5 pages

20. Apuleius And The English Cemetery Two African Romans, Terence and apuleius, had all their surviving writings copied out by Giovanni Boccaccio, in two manuscripts in the Laurentian Library in http://www.florin.ms/apuleius.html

FLORIN WEBSITE JULIA BOLTON HOLLOWAY AUREO ANELLO ASSOCIATION FLORENCE'S 'ENGLISH' CEMETERY BIBLIOTECA E BOTTEGA FIORETTA MAZZEI ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING FLORENCE IN SEPIA BRUNETTO LATINO ... III , IV NON-PROFIT GUIDE TO COMMERCE IN FLORENCE AUREO ANELLO, CATALOGUE With gratitude to the Beazley Archive of the Ashmolean Museum. See Egyptian Motives in the 'English' Cemetery APULEIUS AND THE 'ENGLISH' CEMETERY National Archeological Museum, Florence, 23 September 2006, 11:00 a.m. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Firenze, 23 settembre 2006, ore 11.00 italiano APULEIUS, TRANSLATED BY ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, ILLUSTRATED BY FREDERIC, LORD LEIGHTON, JOHN RODDAM SPENCER STANHOPE, AND THE ENGLISH CEMETERY Europe is shaped by Mediterranean culture. Likewise America and Australia. Two African Romans, Terence and Apuleius, had all their surviving writings copied out by Giovanni Boccaccio, in two manuscripts in the Laurentian Library in Florence. The Egyptian Book of the Dead and the Egyptian worship of Isis and Osiris meet with Greco-Roman culture in the world classic, Apuleius' Golden Ass , which describes the pilgrimage made by Lucius, a Dante figure, transformed into a donkey who must expiate his folly, and become a priest of Isis, at the centre of which an old woman tells the mirroring consolation Greco-Roman story within the story of Cupid and Psyche to a young lover, the teller then hanging herself, the two young lovers being murdered. This book became Christianized, being an allegory of the soul in the tale, and the tale within the tale. We find it celebrated amongst the tombs in the English Cemetery, with chrysalide becoming butterflies (Psyche=Soul= Butterfly), and with many Egyptian symbols, not least the closed lotus buds at the entry to it

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