1. Herodotus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek H ródotos Halikarn sseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. 484 BC–ca. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus

Herodotus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article does not cite any references or sources (February 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. Herodotus Bust of Herodotus Born ca. 484 BC Halicarnassus Died ca. 425 BC Occupation Historian Herodotus of Halicarnassus Greek Hēr³dotos Halikarnāsseºs ) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. 484 BC –ca. 425 BC ) and is regarded as the " Father of History " in Western culture. He was the first historian to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent, and arrange them in a well constructed and vivid narrative He is almost exclusively known for writing The Histories , a record of his 'inquiries' (or , a word that passed into Latin and took on its modern connotation of history ) into the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC — especially since he includes a narrative account of that period, which would otherwise be poorly documented, and many long digressions concerning the various places and peoples he encountered during wide-ranging travels around the lands of the Mediterranean and Black Sea . However, some of his stories are not always completely accurate. Herodotus however does state he is only reporting what is told to him, an honesty lacking in many historians.

2. Herodotus Of Halicarnassus The Greek researcher and storyteller herodotus of Halicarnassus (fifth century BCE) was the world s first historian. In The Histories, he describes the http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodotus/herodotus01.htm

home ancient Greece index Herodotus of Halicarnassus The Greek researcher and storyteller Herodotus of Halicarnassus (fifth century BCE) was the world's first historian. In The Histories , he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid empire under its kings Cyrus the Great Cambyses and Darius I the Great , culminating in king Xerxes ' expedition in 480 BCE against the Greeks, which met with disaster in the naval engagement at Salamis and the battles at Plataea and Mycale . Herodotus' remarkable book also contains excellent ethnographic descriptions of the peoples that the Persians have conquered, fairy tales, gossip, legends, and a very humanitarian morale. (A summary with some historical comments can be found here This is the first part of an article in eight pieces. Prologue Herodotus' life Herodotus' originality Herodotus on causality ... The Histories Prologue Herodotus of Halicarnassus hereby publishes the results of his inquiries, hoping to do two things: to preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of the Greek and the non-Greek peoples; and more particularly, to show how the two races came into conflict. These are the confident opening lines of Herodotus' Histories , and the Greeks who heard them must have been surprised. Preserving the memory of the past by putting on record certain astonishing achievements was not unusual, but the bards who had been singing legendary tales had been less pretentious. Even the great poet

3. The Internet Classics Archive | The History Of Herodotus By Herodotus The complete text written 440 BCE by herodotus as translated by George Rawlinson. http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson The History of Herodotus has been divided into the following sections: Book I Book II Book III Book IV ... Book IX Commentary: Quite a few comments have been posted about The History of Herodotus Read them or add your own Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site Download: A 1464k text-only version is available for download

4. Herodotus On The Web Guide to the herodotus, the great Greek historian. http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/herodotus/

About this site Discussion Board Guides and links Overviews Articles and Essays Texts and Translations Herodotus Books ... email this page New Site Check out my new site Wiki Classical Dictionary Welcome to Herodotus on the Web , a guide and web directory to Herodotus of Halicarnassus, the famous Greek historian. On this site you will find over 200 links to resources about Herodotus and his age. These includes texts and translations books about Herodotus, essays and articles , and so forth (a full list is given to your left). I have attempted to organize these resources well, describe their contents and evaluate their readability and value as scholarship. My apologies for any unjust offense. Your submissions and comments are very much appreciated. I can be reached at editor@isidore-of-seville.com Thank you, Tim Spalding Brookline, MA (USA) Add yourself to the Isidore of Seville Herodotus list. You'll receive an update whenever major new features are added to the site. If you like I can keep you up to date on my other ancient sites, such as Alexander the Great The Complete Petra and Ancient Divination and Astrology . I'll never send you more than one email per month, I promise.

5. Herodotus herodotus was a Greek historian in the fifth century B.C.E. His birth was around B.C.E. References to certain events in his narratives suggest that he did http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/people/herodotus.html

Herodotus Dynasty XXVI 490-c. 431 B.C.E Herodotus was a Greek historian in the fifth century B.C.E. His birth was around B.C.E. References to certain events in his narratives suggest that he did not die until at least 431 B.C.E, which was the beginning of the Peloponesian War. In his later years, Herodotus traveled extensively throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. There, he visited the Black Sea, Babylon, Phoenicia, and Egypt. He is best known for his work entitled Histories . Because of this, Cicero claimed him to be the Father of History. Histories is the story of the rise of Persian power and the friction between Persia and Greece. The battles that are described are the ones fought at Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis. His story is the historical record of events that happened in his own lifetime. The first Persian War took place just before he was born, while the second happened when he was a child. This gave him the opportunity to question his elders about the events in both wars to get the details he wanted for his story. Histories also contained information having to do with the country of Egypt. The history, geography and ethnography of Egypt are what Herodotus wrote about. The customs of Egyptians fascinated him because of their differences compared to Greek culture. He wrote about how the Egyptians did everything backwards in relation to the Greeks. Observations he made describe how the Egyptians wrote from right to left, instead of left to right. Activities like eating were done outside while doing their "easement" indoors. The reason he gave was that the Egyptians thought "unseemly but necessary things should be done in secret, and things not unseemly in the open."

6. Herodotus - Greek Historian Herodotus The Greek historian herodotus is known as the father of history. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/herodotus/p/Herodotus.htm

zGCID=" test0" zGCID+=" test4" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Education Ancient / Classical History Greece ... Historians - Ancient Greece Herodotus - Greek Historian Herodotus Ancient / Classical History Education Ancient History Essentials ... Help Herodotus Clipart.com Email to a friend Print this Page Submit to Digg Suggested Reading Artemisia of Halicarnassus Logographers History of Herodotus Suggested Reading Democracy Then and Now Xenophon Plutarch Suggested Reading Diodorus Siculus Thucydides Most Popular Major Gods and Goddesses of the World Fall of Rome Attila the Hun I.E. vs. E.G. ... Battle at Thermopylae Herodotus - Who Were the Greek Historians? From N.S. Gill Your Guide to Ancient / Classical History FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c. 484-425 B.C.) : Herodotus, as the first historian proper, is called the father of history. He was born in the essentially Dorian (Greek) colony of Halicarnassus on the southwest coast of Asia Minor (then a part of the Persian Empire), during the Persian Wars shortly before the expedition against Greece led by the Persian king Xerxes. Halicarnassus in the Persian Wars: Lyxes, the father of Herodotus, was probably from Caria like Artemisia, the female despot of Halicarnassus who joined Xerxes in his expedition. Following victories over the Persians by the mainland Greeks during the Persian War, Halicarnassus rebelled against foreign rulers. In consequence of his rebellious actions, Herodotus was sent into exile to the Ionian island of Samos (where Pythagoras came from), but then returned to Halicarnassus around 454 to take part in the overthrow of the son of Artemisia, Lygdamis.

7. Herodotus (Greek Historian) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on herodotus Greek author of the first great narrative history produced in the ancient world, the History of the http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9040200/Herodotus

document.writeln(''); document.writeln('Initializing application...'); Username Password Remember me Forgot your password? Browse Shop Log In Search Site: Herodotus Greek historian Main born 484 BC ?, Halicarnassus, Asia Minor [now Bodrum, Tur.]? Greek author of the first great narrative history produced in the ancient world, the History of the Greco-Persian Wars. It is believed that Herodotus was born at Halicarnassus, a Greek city in southwest Asia Minor that was then under Persian rule. The precise dates of his birth and death are alike uncertain. He is thought to have resided in Athens and to have met Sophocles and then to have left for Thurii, a new colony in southern Italy sponsored by Athens. The latest event alluded to in his History belongs to 430, but how soon after or where he died is not known. There is good reason to believe that he was in Athens, or at least in central Greece, during the early years of the Peloponnesian War, from 431, and that his work was published and known there before 425. Herodotus was a wide traveler. His longer wandering covered a large part of the Persian Empire: he went to Egypt, at least as far south as Elephantine (Aswān), and he also visited Libya, Syria, Babylonia, Susa in Elam, Lydia, and Phrygia. He journeyed up the Hellespont to Byzantium, went to Thrace and Macedonia, and traveled northward to beyond the Danube and to Scythia eastward along the northern shores of the Black Sea as far as the Don River and some way inland. These travels would have taken many years.

8. Great Books Index - Herodotus herodotus Great Books Index. GREAT BOOKS INDEX. herodotus (484432 BC). An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation http://books.mirror.org/gb.herodotus.html

GREAT BOOKS INDEX Herodotus (484432 BC) An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation AUTHORS/HOME TITLES ABOUT GB INDEX BOOK LINKS Writings of Herodotus History Articles The History HTML edition divided into books (Classics Archive, each book 150280KB) Translated by George Rawlinson. HTML edition in small sections (Perseus, Tufts) Translated by A.D. Godley. Greek text also available. [Back to Top of Page] Links to Information About Herodotus Biography of Herodotus (Perseus, Tufts) Includes several book references. [Back to Top of Page] GREAT BOOKS INDEX MENU Great Books Index Home Page and Author List List of All Works by Author and Title [90KB] About the Great Books Index Links to Other Great Books and Literature Sites ... Literary Cryptograms Support for the Great Books Index web pages is provided by Ken Roberts Computer Consultants Inc URL: http://books.mirror.org/gb.herodotus.html Last revised January 11, 1999 by Ken Roberts e-mail ken@mirror.org

9. Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Herodotus A biography of the Greek historian and the Father of History. http://www.fordham.edu/HALSALL/ancient/eb11-herodotus.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Herodotus HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.), Greek historian, called the Father of History, was born at Halicarnassus in Asia Minor, then dependent upon the Persians, in or about the year 484 B.C. Herodotus was thus born a Persian subject, and such he con~ tinued until he was thirty or fiveandthirty years of age. At the lime of his birth Halicarnassus was under the rule of a queen Artemisia ( q.v. ) The year of her death is unknown; but she left her crown to her son Pisindelis (born about 498 B.C.), who was succeeded upon the throne by his son Lygdamis about the time that Herodotus grew to manhood. The family of Herodotus belonged to the upper rank of the citizens. His father was named Lyxes, and his mother Rhaeo, or Dryo. He had a brother Theodore, and an uncle or cousin Panyasis ( q.v. ), the epic poet, a personage of so much importance that the tyrant Lygdamis, suspecting him of treasonable projects, put him to death. It is probable that Herodotus shared his relative's political opinions, and either was exiled from Halicarnassus or quitted it voluntarily at the time of his execution. Of the education of Herodotus no more can be said than that it was thoroughly Greek, and embraced no doubt the three subjects essential to a Greek liberal education-grammar, gymnastic training and music. His studies would be regarded as completed when he attained the age of eighteen, and took rank among the

10. Perseus Encyclopedia herodotus never belonged to the ancient Greek homeland, and his own work offers Halikarnassos was a Dorian Greek colony, and herodotus expresses an open http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0004:id=hero

11. Herodotus Index herodotus, full text with parallel Greek and English at sacredtexts.com. http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hh/index.htm

Sacred Texts Classics Buy this Book at Amazon.com The History of Herodotus parallel English/Greek English translation: G. C. Macaulay, (pub. Macmillan, London and NY) [1890] Herodotus (484-ca. 425 BCE), the 'Father of History,' wrote this account of the ephocal conflict between the Greeks and Persians between 430 and 424 BCE. The title of the work, 'Historie' means 'Inquiry.' Subsequently it became the name of the science of history, and via Latin passed into other languages including English. Divided by later editors into nine books named after the Muses, the History traces the growth of the Persian empire, starting with Croesus of Lydia, though Cyrus and Xerxes. The pivotal event of the History is the Battle of Marathon (490 BCE), where the Persians were defeated by the Greeks. A decade later the Persians, led by Xerxes, returned but were decisively defeated at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BCE. One can only wonder what the world would have been like if the nascent Greek democracy and high classical culture had been nipped in the bud by Persian despotism. Beyond the historical narrative, Herodotus is one of the primary sources for information on ancient lands and peoples, including anthropological, geographical, and other information. There are extensive details in the narrative relating to the spiritual practices and beliefs of the Greeks and other peoples. Herodotus has been perennially controversial. However, he was careful to qualify information which he found dubious and evaluate variant theories on their merits. While specifics of his account have been challenged, his preeminence as the inventor of the methodology and philosophy of history are undisputed.

12. Herodotus A pure Java RDBMS that supports Full SQL level of SQL/92. Using a patented algorithm, all previous states of the database are always directly accessible. http://www.herodotus.biz/

Herodotus Herodotus

13. Lost Trails: Herodotus Project An ongoing project to delineate the places and artifacts mentioned by herodotus. http://www.losttrails.com/pages/Hproject.html

Lost Trails presents Herodotus project photographic tours by Shane Solow "I own a series of the most beautiful photos of ancient statuary.... I never tire of spreading them out before me. It purifies me of certain desires. I flirt (with muses) and I am the better for it. I no longer believe in the banishment from paradise." Paul Klee, 1901 click on the image for Contents This is an ongoing project documenting in photographs many of the places and artifacts mentioned by Herodotus (c 500 c 425 BCE) in his Inquiries This site is updated monthly with photographic tours that are hyperlinked with the text. Please contact us with your questions, comments or donations. All photographs are for sale proceeds support development of this site. edited by Jonathan Schwartz please support this project your donation is appreciated Herodotus' Inquiries Contents Home Lost Trails mourns the loss of Seth Benardete who was a teacher to Shlomo Felberbaum and Shane Solow, and without whose inspiration this project might not have been realized.

14. Rocky Road: Herodotus In his nine scrolls known as The Histories, herodotus described the conflict between his own people, the Greeks, and the Persian Empire. http://www.strangescience.net/herodotus.htm

Herodotus In his nine scrolls known as The Histories , Herodotus described the conflict between his own people, the Greeks, and the Persian Empire. While telling the story of their own civilization in conflict with another, many people would be inclined to take sides, but Herodotus strove to show each side's perspective in the struggle. In this, he was like the great poet Homer, but Herodotus innovated even further. Homer wrote his epic as if narrated by a goddess; Herodotus spoke with his own voice, and relayed his own experiences and research. Before Herodotus, accounts of important events had been the purview of royalty, minstrels and priests. Perhaps his innovation in relaying information was partly responsible for his reputation as the "Father of Lies." Historians of classical antiquity suspected Herodotus of passing along hearsay, and perhaps even inventing tales for his own amusement. In his writings, Herodotus often digressed, sharing what he learned from interviewing those he met, and creating some of the more interesting parts of his Histories . He interviewed Scythians living near the Black Sea about their lives, for instance. He also asked them what they knew about the lives of other nomads living farther east. In some cases, Herodotus relayed information that had been through several translations yet, remarkably, modern excavations in Russia and Kazakhstan have found artifacts similar to what he described.

15. Herodotus' Conception Of Foreign Languages In one of the most famous passages in his Histories, herodotus has the Athenians give the reasons why they would never betray Greece (8.144.2) first and http://www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1998/harrison.html

Herodotus' Conception of Foreign Languages Thomas Harrison (University College, London) Introduction In one of the most famous passages in his Histories , Herodotus has the Athenians give the reasons why they would never betray Greece (8.144.2): first and foremost, the images and temples of the gods, burnt and requiring vengeance, and then 'the Greek thing', being of the same blood and the same language, having common shrines and sacrifices and the same way of life. With race or blood, and with religious cult, language appears as one of the chief determinants of Greek identity. This impression is confirmed in Herodotus' accounts of foreign peoples: language is - with religious customs, dress, hairstyles, sexual habits - one of the key items on Herodotus' checklist of similarities and differences with foreign peoples. That language was an important element of what, to a Greek, it meant to be a Greek, should not perhaps be thought surprising. As is well known, the Greeks called non-Greeks barbaroi , a term usually taken to refer pejoratively to the babble of foreign speech.

16. Herodotus.: Free Web Books, Online herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greek historian of the 5th century BC. He wrote a history of the Persian invasion of Greece in the early fifth century B.C. http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/herodotus/

The University of Adelaide Library eBooks Help Herodotus (485 BC? - c. 420 BC?) Biographical note Herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greek historian of the 5th century BC. He wrote a history of the Persian invasion of Greece in the early fifth century B.C., known simply as The Histories of Herodotus. This work was recognized as a new form of literature soon after its publication. Before Herodotus, there had been chronicles and epics, and they too had preserved knowledge of the past. But Herodotus was the first not only to record the past but also to treat it as a philosophical problem, or research project, that could yield knowledge of human behavior. His invention earned him the title "The Father of History". Published between 430 and 424 B.C., the Histories was divided by later editors into nine books, named after the Muses. The first six books deal with the growth of the Persian Empire. They begin with an account of the first Asian monarch to conquer Greek city-states and exact tribute, Croesus of Lydia. Croesus lost his kingdom to Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire. The first six books end with the defeat of the Persians in 490 B.C. at the Battle of Marathon, which was the first setback to their imperial progress. The last three books of the Histories describe the attempt of the Persian king Xerxes ten years later to avenge the Persian defeat at Marathon and absorb Greece into the Persian Empire. The Histories ends with the year 479 B.C., when the Persian invaders were wiped out at the Battle of Plataea and the frontier of the Persian Empire receded to the Aegean coastline of Asia Minor.

17. Enchanté: The Journal For The Urbane Pagan enchante@herodotus.com. Sample copies of the magazine are available absolutely free! (Enclose check for $6 made out to John Yohalem/Enchanté. http://www.herodotus.com/

Enchanté: The Journal for the Urbane Pagan , founded in 1989, is a literary magazine for Witches, Pagans and anyone interested in Earth-based spiritualities. not Enchanté Enchanté Drawing Down the Moon O UR C URRENT I SSUE! Available right now wherever fine Pagan magazines are sold! The long-awaited "Songs of the TechnoPagans" issue! For a sampling of the articles, essays, songs, commentary and general madcap of our issue #24, click on Kaija Berleman's fabulous collage on the front cover at the left. Contact Information Write us at: Enchanté P.O. Box 735 New York, NY 10014-0702 Or send e-mail to: enchante@herodotus.com Sample copies of the magazine are available absolutely free! (Enclose check for $6 made out to John Yohalem/ Enchanté . Covers postage, handling, the NYTimes and a cappuccino.) Noted Pagan High Priest pictured at right (with accompanying Isian colleague), as shown recently in a photograph by Sylvia Plachy in the special Spirituality supplement of the Village Voice . And they do look distingué, do they not?

18. 109 Reconstruction Of Herodotus World Map (ca. 450 B.C.) Slide 109A World map according to herodotus (ca. 450B.C.) Slide 109B Reconstruction of herodotus World Map (ca. 450 B.C.) http://www.henry-davis.com/MAPS/Ancient Web Pages/109.html

Slide # 109 Reconstruction of Herodotus World Map (ca. 450 B.C.) Slide #109 Monograph Slide #109A World map according to Herodotus (ca. 450B.C.) Slide #109B Reconstruction of Herodotus World Map (ca. 450 B.C.)

19. Epicurus - Letter To Herodotus Epicurus summarizes the key doctrines from “On Nature” (of which only a few fragments have been recovered) in this letter to herodotus. http://www.epicurus.net/en/herodotus.html

Letter to Herodotus Epicurus Home/Ancient Texts Beliefs Relationships History ... Epicurean Philosophy List Epicurus to Herodotus, greetings: For those who are unable to study carefully all my physical writings or to go into the longer treatises at all, I have myself prepared an epitome of the whole system, Herodotus, to preserve in the memory enough of the principal doctrines, to the end that on every occasion they may be able to aid themselves on the most important points, so far as they take up the study of Physics. Those who have made some advance in the survey of the entire system ought to fix in their minds under the principal headings an elementary outline of the whole treatment of the subject. For a comprehensive view is often required, the details but seldom. Hence, since such a course is of service to all who take up natural science, I, who devote to the subject my continuous energy and reap the calm enjoyment of a life like this, have prepared for you just such an epitome and manual of the doctrines as a whole. In the first place, Herodotus, you must understand what it is that words denote, in order that by reference to this we may be in a position to test opinions, inquiries, or problems, so that our proofs may not run on untested

20. Herodotus The History Summary To read The History (herodotus only book) is to seek one s roots as a member of Western democratic civilization. It is in part a gripping and much revered http://mcgoodwin.net/pages/otherbooks/herodotus.html

Herodotus: The History Site Map Herodotus of Halicarnassus: The History (or Histories , or Inquiries) Outline summary by Michael McGoodwin, prepared 1996 Acknowledgement: This work has been summarized using the University of Chicago edition transl. David Grene 1987. Numbers provided in square brackets or parentheses refer to the page numbers in this edition. Overall Impression : This is a thoroghly enjoyable and entertaining book, a "must" read in the Western canon. I also recommend the excellent introduction and the translation provided by David Grene. Overview (partially extracted from the Grene text and prepared for a woman's book discussion group) To read The History (Herodotus' only book) is to seek one's roots as a member of Western democratic civilization. It is in part a gripping and much revered tale of colossal confrontation between freedom-loving Greek-speaking peoples (the Athenians, Spartans, and others) and the seemingly unstoppable forces of the Persians. The Asiatic "Great King" Xerxes, who followed in the footsteps of Cyrus and Darius and assembled a military force numbered in the millions, was intent on enslaving the Greeks as he had so many other countries in the region- Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria, Babylonia, etc. The heroic battles near Athens- at Marathon (490 BCE), Thermopylae, Salamis, and finally Plataea (479 BCE) were classical Greek's crowning military achievements, and Herodotus was determined to record these great deeds for future generations (particularly in view of the ignominious and disastrous Peloponnesian Wars that followed).

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