1. Josephus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia josephus (37 – sometime after 100 AD), 1, also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu, who became known, in his capacity as a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus

Josephus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search A Roman portrait bust said to be of Josephus Josephus – sometime after AD), , also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph, son of Matthias), who became known, in his capacity as a Roman citizen , as Titus Flavius Josephus was a 1st-century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and royal ancestry who survived and recorded the Destruction of Jerusalem in . His works give an important insight into first-century Judaism Josephus's two most important works are Jewish War (c. ) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. Jewish War recounts the Jewish revolt against Rome (66-70). Antiquities of the Jews recounts the history of the world from a Jewish perspective. These works provide valuable insight into the background of 1st-century Judaism and early Christianity. Contents Life Significance to scholarship Works The Jewish War ... edit Life The Galilee , site of Josephus' governorship, in late antiquity Josephus, who introduced himself in Greek as "Iosepos (Ιώσηπος), son of Matthias, an ethnic Jew , a priest from Jerusalem fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War of as a Jewish military leader in Galilee . After the Jewish garrison of Yodfat was taken under siege, the Romans invaded, killing thousands, and the remaining survivors who had managed to elude the forces committed suicide. However, in circumstances that are somewhat unclear, Josephus and one of his soldiers surrendered to the Roman forces invading Galilee in July

2. Flavius Josephus Home Page For centuries josephus works were more widely read in Europe than any book other than the Bible. They are an invaluable eyewitness to a momentous turning http://members.aol.com/FLJOSEPHUS/home.htm

Flavius Josephus Home Page Welcome! This site is dedicated to the works of the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus (37 CE - circa 100 CE For centuries Josephus' works were more widely read in Europe than any book other than the Bible. They are an invaluable eye-witness to a momentous turning point in Judaism, Christianity, and Western civilization. Featuring: Josephus' Life and Work Extracts from Josephus with Commentary Organized by subject, with revised translations Chronology of the War - Systematizing the tangled events of the Jewish Revolt; with maps and tables The latest information about Josephus' description of Jesus of Nazareth New Testament Parallels - A comprehensive collection of passages showing the relationship between the works of Josephus and the New Testament. This site is maintained by G. J. Goldberg . I am an independent scholar who hopes this site will help introduce people to the works of this important historian. I also hope the organization of themes will serve as a convenient reference for those already knowledgeable about his works. Contributions by others are encouraged and welcome. This is a nondenominational site. Contents The Works of Josephus The Life of Josephus Articles, Extracts and Commentary

3. The Works Of Flavius Josephus josephus s Discourse to the Greeks concerning Hades If you would like the works of josephus on CD, along with hundreds of other ancient and modern http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/JOSEPHUS.HTM

The Works of Flavius Josephus Translated by William Whiston Antiquities of the Jews Preface to the Antiquities of the Jews Book I From Creation to the Death of Isaac Book II From the Death of Isaac to the Exodus out of Egypt Book III From the Exodus out of Egypt to the Rejection of the Generation Book IV From the Rejection of that Generation to the Death of Moses Book V From the Death of Moses to the Death of Eli Book VI From the Death of Eli to the Death of Saul Book VII From the Death of Saul to the Death of David Book VIII From the Death of David to the Death of Ahab Book IX From the Death of Ahab to the Captivity of the Ten Tribes Book X From the Captivity of the Ten Tribes to the First Year of Cyrus Book XI From the First Year of Cyrus to the Death of Alexander the Great Book XII From the Death of Alexander the Great to the Death of Judas Maccabeus Book XIII From the Death of Judas Maccabeus to the Death of Queen Alexandra Book XIV From the Death of Queen Alexandra to the Death of Antigonus Book XV From the Death of Antigonus to the Finishing of the Temple by Herod Book XVI From the Finishing of the Temple by Herod to the Death of Alexander and Aristobulus Book XVII From the Death of Alexander and Aristobulus to the Banishment of Archelaus Book XVIII From the Banishment of Archelaus to the Departure of the Jews from Babylon Book XIX From the Departure of the Jews from Babylon to FAdus the Roman Procurator Book XX From Fadus the Procurator to Florus War of the Jews

4. Josephus josephus An Invaluable source of eyewitness testimony to the development of Western civilization as well as Christianity in the 1st Century. http://www.josephus-1.com/

Josephus the Eyewitness Josephus - An Eyewitness to Christianity Josephus was a historian who lived from 37 A.D. to about 100 A.D. He was a member of the priestly aristocracy of the Jews, and was taken hostage by the Roman Empire in the great Jewish revolt of 66-70 A.D. Josephus spent the rest of his life in or around Rome as an advisor and historian to three emperors, Vespasian, Titus and Domitian. For centuries, the works of Josephus were more widely read in Europe than any book other than the Bible. They are invaluable sources of eyewitness testimony to the development of Western civilization, including the foundation and growth of Christianity in the 1st Century. Josephus - Biblical Accounts Outside the Bible Josephus mentions New Testament events and people in some of his works. For many skeptics, this is viewed as significant evidence against the myth and legend theories that plague early Christianity. Here are some excerpts: Josephus mentions Jesus in Antiquities, Book 18, chapter 3, paragraph 3 (this paragraph is so phenomenal, that scholars now debate the authenticity of some of the more “favorable” portions of this text): “Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man; for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of the Jews and many of the Gentiles. He was [the] Christ. And when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men amongst us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him; for he appeared to them alive again the third day; as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not extinct at this day.”

5. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Flavius Josephus Jewish historian, born AD 37, at Jerusalem; died about 101. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08522a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... J > Flavius Josephus Flavius Josephus Jewish historian, born A.D. 37, at Jerusalem ; died about 101. He belonged to a distinguished priestly family , whose paternal ancestors he himself traces back five generations; his mother's family claimed descent from the Machabeans . He received a good education , and association with distinguished scholars developed his intellectual gifts, more especially his memory and power of judgment. He also made himself fully acquainted with and tried the leading politico-religious Jewish parties of his age the Essenes Pharisees , and Sadducees Impressed by the outward importance of the Pharisees and hoping to secure through them a position of influence, he attached himself to their party at the age of nineteen, although he shared neither their religious nor political views. He went to Rome in the year 64 with the object of procuring from Nero the release of some imprisoned Jewish priests , who were friends of his. He succeeded in winning the favour of Sabina , the emperor's consort, and through her influence gained his cause. But he was

6. Crosswalk - Devotionals, Christian Music, Family, Christian News, Forums & More The Writings of Flavius josephus. Antiquities of the Jews Flavius josephus Against Apion josephus s Discourse to the Greeks concerning Hades http://bible.crosswalk.com/History/BC/FlaviusJosephus/

The NEW Bible Study Tools are here - Explore them now! Channels Spiritual Life Pastors / Leadership Blogs Devotions ... Fun Resources Who is Jesus? Bible Study Tools Music Streams Chat ... About Us Search The Bible Keyword Search For: Bible Part: Whole Bible Old Testament New Testament Books of Law Books of History Books of Wisdom Major Prophets Minor Prophets The Gospels Pauline Epistles General Epistles Apocalyptic Books Translation: All Translations - Standard Translations - New American Standard American Standard Version English Standard Version New King James Version King James Version Holman Christian Standard Bible Third Millennium Bible New International Version New Living Translation New Revised Standard Revised Standard Version Good News Translation Douay-Rheims Bible - Strong's Versions - KJV with Strong's Numbers NAS with Strong's Numbers - Modern Translations - The Message The Complete Jewish Bible New Century Version GOD'S WORD Translation Hebrew Names Version World English Bible The Bible in Basic English Young's Literal Translation Today's New International Version New International Reader's Version - Older Translations - The Darby Translation The Webster Bible The Latin Vulgate - New Testament Only - Weymouth New Testament Featured Sponsors Bible Study Tools Online Study Bible Bible In A Year Interlinear Bible Parallel Bible ... BC Flavius Josephus The Writings of Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews Preface Preface to Antiquities of the Jews.

7. Early Jewish Writings For it is the purpose of josephus, not only to instruct his heathen readers, The other chief work of josephus, the History of the Jewish War from A.D. http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/josephus.html

Home Josephus Online Text for Josephus Antiquities Book I Antiquities Book XI Wars Book I Antiquities Book II ... Against Apion Book II Perseus: The Wars of the Jews Antiquities of the Jews Against Apion The Life of Flavius Josephus Online Resources for Josephus The Testimonium Flavianum Jewish Encyclopedia: Flavius Josephus Jewish Encyclopedia: Josippon Catholic Encyclopedia: Flavius Josephus ... Josephus' Writings and Their Relation to the New Testament Offline Resources for Josephus Shaye Cohen, Josephus in Galilee and Rome Rebecca Gray, Prophetic Figures in Late Second Temple Jewish Palestine: The Evidence from Josephus Mireille Hadas-Lebel, Flavius Josephus: Eyewitness to Rome's First-Century Conquest of Judea Steve Mason, Flavius Josephus on the Pharisees Steve Mason, Josephus and the New Testament Information on Josephus Emil Schürer writes: "The best known historian of Jewish affairs in the Greek language is the Palestinian Josephus, properly Joseph, the son of Matthias, a priest of Jerusalem. Of his two chief works one is, the Ιουδαικη Αρχαιολογια, a comprehensive delineation of the entire Jewish history from the beginning to his own times. It is the most extensive work on Jewish history in the Greek language with which we are acquainted, and has on that account so retained the lasting favour of Jewish, heathen and Christian readers, as to have been preserved entire in numerous manuscripts. . . . Notwithstanding its great difference from the philosophizing delineation of Philo, its tendency is similar. For it is the purpose of Josephus, not only to instruct his heathen readers, for whom it was in the first instance intended, in the history of his people, but also to inspire them with respect for the Jewish nation, both as having a history of hoary antiquity, and a long series of celebrities both in peace and war to point to, and as able to bear comparison in respect of laws and institutions with any nation (comp. especially

8. Flavius Josephus - Josephus.yorku.org - Scholarly Resources For The Study Of Fla A site dedicated to the scholarly study of Flavius josephus. http://www.josephus.yorku.ca/

Thank you for visiting josephus.yorku.ca, a site dedicated to the scholarly study of the works of Flavius Josephus. The relevant content of this site has now been incorporated into the Project on Ancient Cultural Engagement (PACE) at York University. You will be redirected there within a few seconds, or you may choose this link: http://pace.cns.yorku.ca

9. Flavius Josephus Hence, we may conclude that josephus only says that he became a Pharisee because he knew from where the wind was blowing, and Phariseism was very popular at http://www.livius.org/jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm

home ancient Rome Judaea index Flavius Josephus Roman portrait bust, said to be of Flavius Josephus (from Les In the war between the Jews and the Romans of 66-70, the Jewish general Joseph son of Matthias defended Galilee against the Roman legions. After he had been defeated, he defected to his enemies, and advised the Roman general Vespasian . When the latter became emperor, his adviser started a career as a historian who tried to explain Judaism to the Greeks and Romans. His most important works are the Jewish War , the Jewish Antiquities , an Autobiography and an apology of Judaism called Against the Greeks (or Against Apion ). As Roman citizen, he accepted a new name: Flavius Josephus. He must have died about 100, more than sixty years old. Life Joseph was born in Jerusalem in 37 CE as the son of Matthias, a man from priestly descent, and a mother who claimed royal blood. Stated differently, he was born as a Sadducee and an aristocrat. The boy must have been a real know-it-all, because he excelled in all his studies and at the age of sixteen, he decided to find out for himself what philosophy was best - that of the Sadducees, that of the Essenes or that of the Pharisees. Although he studied all three systems, he was not content, and for three years, he lived in the desert with a hermit named Bannus. Returning to Jerusalem at the age of nineteen, he choose to become a Pharisee. Life Jewish War Jewish Antiquities Autobiography ... Against the Greeks At least, this is what he writes in his

10. The Works Of Flavius Josephus josephus s Discourse to the Greeks concerning Hades. Flavius josephus Against Apion. Book I Book II. The Complete Collection of josephus josephus.zip http://wesley.nnu.edu/biblical_studies/josephus/

Home Search Contact Us The Works of Flavius Josephus Translated by William Whiston Antiquities of the Jews Preface to the Antiquities of the Jews Book I From Creation to the Death of Isaac Book II From the Death of Isaac to the Exodus out of Egypt Book III From the Exodus out of Ehypt to the Rejection of the Generation Book IV From the Rejection of that Generation to the Death of Moses Book V From the Death of Moses to the Death of Eli Book VI From the Death of Eli to the Death of Saul Book VII From the Death of Saul to the Death of David Book VIII From the Death of David to the Death of Ahab Book IX From the Death of Ahab to the Captivity of the Ten Tribes Book X From the Captivity of the Ten Tribes to the First Year of Cyrus Book XI From the First Year of Cyrus to the Death of Alexander the Great Book XII From the Death of Alexander the Great to the Death of Judas Maccabeus Book XIII From the Death of Judas Maccabeus to the Death of Queen Alexandra Book XIV From the Death of Queen Alexandra to the Death of Antigonus Book XV From the Death of Antigonus to the Finishing of the Temple by Herod Book XVI From the Finishing of the Temple by Herod to the Death of Alexander and Aristobulus Book XVII From the Death of Alexander and Aristobulus to the Banishment of Archelaus Book XVIII From the Banishment of Archelaus to the Departure of the Jews from Babylon Book XIX From the Departure of the Jews from Babylon to Fadus the Roman Procurator

11. Flavius Josephus Kirby, Peter. Flavius josephus. Early Christian Writings. 2008. 14 Mar. 2008 http//www.earlychristianwritings.com/josephus.html . http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/josephus.html

Home Other Flavius Josephus Flavius Josephus At a Glance Treatise Genre Reliability of Dating Length of Text Greek Original Language: Ancient Translations: Modern Translations: Estimated Range of Dating: 93-93 C.E. Chronological List Earlier Texts 65-80 Gospel of Mark 70-100 Epistle of James 70-120 Egerton Gospel 70-160 Gospel of Peter 70-160 Secret Mark 70-200 Fayyum Fragment 70-200 The Twelve Patriarchs 73-200 Mara Bar Serapion 80-100 2 Thessalonians 80-100 Ephesians 80-100 Gospel of Matthew 80-110 1 Peter 80-120 Epistle of Barnabas 80-130 Gospel of Luke 80-130 Acts of the Apostles 80-140 1 Clement 80-150 Gospel of the Egyptians 80-150 Gospel of the Hebrews 73-200 Christian Sibyllines 80-100 Apocalypse of John 90-120 Gospel of John Later Texts Online Text for Flavius Josephus Online Resources for Flavius Josephus Offline Resources for Flavius Josephus Information on Flavius Josephus Discuss this now at the Ancient Mediterranean Cultures forums! Alphabetical List Chronological List Return to Top of Page Please buy the CD to support the site and get bonus stuff! Early Christian Writings E-Mail MLA Style Kirby, Peter. "Flavius Josephus."

12. The Internet Classics Archive | Works By Josephus List of works by josephus, part of the Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/browse-Josephus.html

Home Search Buy Books and CD-ROMs ... Help Works by Josephus Jewish Antiquities From the Perseus Project Read discussion : 6 comments The Jewish War From the Perseus Project Read discussion : 3 comments Life of Josephus From the Perseus Project Read discussion : 1 comment

13. The Works Of Flavius Josephus josephus was born Joseph ben Mattathias in 37 C.E. in Jerusalem of a priestly and royal family. He excelled in his studies of Jewish law and studied with http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/josephus/index.htm

Sacred-texts Judaism The Works of Flavius Josephus William Whiston, Translator [1737] War of the Jews Antiquities of the Jews Autobiography Concerning Hades ... Against Apion Josephus was born Joseph ben Mattathias in 37 C.E. in Jerusalem of a priestly and royal family. He excelled in his studies of Jewish law and studied with the Sadducees, Pharisees, and the Essenes, eventually aligning himself with the Pharisees. In 62 C.E. he went to Rome to free some imprisoned priests. After accomplishing this mission through the intercession of Nero's wife, Poppaea, he returned to Jerusalem in 65 C.E. to find the country in revolt against Rome. Although Josephus had deep misgivings about the revolt, it became inevitable, due to reasons he discusses in his history, primarily the abuses of the Romans; this spurred the growth of fanatical Messianic Jewish movements which believed that the world was coming to an end shortly. In 66 C.E. the Masada was seized by the Zealots and the Romans were on the march; Josephus was appointed the commander of Galilee. Josephus had to fight a defensive war against overwhelming force while refereeing internecine squabbles in the Jewish ranks. In 67 C.E. Josephus and other rebels were cornered in a cave during the siege of Jotapata and took a suicide pact. However, Josephus survived, and was taken hostage by the Romans, led by Vespasian.

14. 300 Multiple Choices The document name you requested ( /j/josephus/josephus.HTM ) could not be found on this server. However, we found documents with names similar to the one http://ccel.wheaton.edu/j/josephus/JOSEPHUS.HTM

15. Flavius Josephus --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on Flavius josephus Jewish priest, scholar, and historian who wrote valuable works on the Jewish revolt of 6670 and http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044007/Flavius-Josephus

var britAdCategory = "history"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Early life. Military career. Josephus as historian. Assessment. ... Print this Table of Contents Linked Articles Pharisees Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. Flavius Josephus Page 1 of 5 born AD 37/38, , Jerusalem died AD 100, , Rome Courtesy of the Hessische Landesbibliothek, Fulda, Germany original name Joseph Ben Matthias Jewish priest, scholar, and historian who wrote valuable works on the Jewish revolt History of the Jewish War The Antiquities of the Jews (93), and Against Apion Josephus, Flavius... (75 of 4216 words) To read the full article, activate your FREE Trial Commonly Asked Questions About Flavius Josephus Close Enable free complete viewings of Britannica premium articles when linked from your website or blog-post.

16. Josephus Flavius josephus Flavius was a Jew who grew up in Jerusalem at the beginning of the Common Era. He was well educated, knowing both Jewish texts and the Greek http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Josephus.html

Josephus Flavius Josephus Flavius was a Jew who grew up in Jerusalem at the beginning of the Common Era. He was well educated, knowing both Jewish texts and the Greek language (although his Greek grammar was faulty). During the Great Revolt from 66-73 CE, Josephus served as a general of the Galilee. When the Roman army overcame his forces, Josephus and 40 compatriots fled to a cave. They agreed to commit suicide. Josephus fixed the lots so that his name would come out last. After the others killed themselves, Josephus convinced the remaining fighter to surrender with him. As a prisoner of the Romans , Josephus volunteered to write the history of the Great Revolt . General (later Emperor) Vespasian agreed. Josephus thus provided the Romans (and now us) with a first-hand account of the fall of Jerusalem in 70 CE. It must be emphasized that Josephus was writing for Vespasian, so his work is definitely biased. He mentions several times in his Greek writings that he created an Aramaic version of the events as well, but it, unfortunately, is not extant. Following the end of the war, Josephus was taken to

17. The Credibility Of Josephus - Magen Broshi @ CenturyOne Bookstore Our knowledge of the last two centuries of the Second Commonwealth depends very substantially on the writings of josephus. Matters such as his credibility, http://www.centuryone.com/josephus.html

Main Page What's New? Specials • Title Index: A-J K-Z Archaeology Biblical Studies ... CenturyOne Foundation Educational Reference Series by Magen Broshi The Israel Museum, Jerusalem O ur knowledge of the last two centuries of the Second Commonwealth depends very substantially on the writings of Josephus. Matters such as his credibility, accuracy and sources are therefore foremost among the topics which should occupy scholarship. Archaeological Data It is not exactly clear to which stadium Josephus refers; in his day several standards were in use. See H. Prell, Die Stadienmasse des Klassischen Hochschule Dresden 6 (1956/57) Heft 3, pp. 549-563. If however Grafman's contention is correct that the Herodian foot measured 31 cm, the stadium in this case could well equl 186m (i.e. 600X31cm). See R. Grafman, Herod's Foot and Robinson's Arch, IEJ 20 (1970) pp. 60-66. It would then correspond with the standard Roman stadioum (according to Prell, above, 185.6m), which agrees with our conclusion. Y. Yadin, "The Excavations of Masada - 1963/64 Preliminary Report", IEJ 15 (1965), p. 69 and note 45; see also the remarks of M. Avi-Yonah, "The Archaeological Survey of Masada, 1955-1956"

18. Did Josephus Refer To Jesus The most important extrabiblical references to Jesus are found in the writings of josephus. Although some have questioned the authenticity of the passages, http://www.bede.org.uk/Josephus.htm

Did Josephus Refer to Jesus? A Thorough Review of the Testimonium Flavianum By Christopher Price The most important extra-biblical references to Jesus are found in the writings of Josephus. Although some have questioned the authenticity of the passages, modern scholarship has rightly recognized that one of them is completely authentic and the other, though embellished by Christian scribes, provides an authentic core of material confirming much about Jesus. This article thoroughly examines the authenticity of the disputed reference to Jesus, the Testimonium Flavianum referred to hereafter as the "TF". Contents Introduction Arguments for Partial Authenticity of the Testimonium Objections to the Authenticity of the Reconstructed Testimonium What Can We Learn About Jesus from Josephus? ... Bibliography Introduction Who Was Josephus? Josephus returned with Titus to Rome, where he was awarded for his service with a house and a pension. With time and resources, Josephus turned to writing of history. In the 70s, he wrote Jewish Wars , which provided a chronicle of the wars of the Jewish people. He thereafter in the 90s wrote a much broader history of the Jewish people

19. Luke And Josephus It is indisputable that Luke dates the birth of Jesus to 6 AD It is also indisputable that Matthew dates the birth of Jesus before 4 BC, perhaps around 6 BC http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/lukeandjosephus.html

Library Modern Documents Richard Carrier : Luke and Josephus Luke and Josephus (2000) Richard Carrier There has long been the observation that Luke-Acts contains numerous parallels with the works of Josephus, generating three different theories to account for this: that Josephus used Luke, that Luke used Josephus, or that they both used some common but now lost source. Steve Mason has reviewed the arguments [ ] and in summarizing the evidence concludes that, besides generic parallels of genre and form and the use of identical historical events, which are inconclusive as proofs, the "coincidence ... of aim, themes, and vocabulary ... seems to suggest that Luke-Acts is building its case on the foundation of Josephus' defense of Judaism," and therefore that Luke is consciously and significantly drawing on Josephus to supplement his use of Mark and Q and to create the appearance of a real history, a notable deviation from all the other Gospels which have none of the features of a historical work. This thesis, if correct, entails two things. First, it undermines the historicity of certain details in the Christ story unique to Luke, such as his account of the Nativity, since these have been drawn from Josephus, who does not mention them in connection with Jesus, and thus it is more than possible that they never were linked with Jesus until Luke decided they were. This does not prove, but provides support for the view that Luke is creating history, not recording it. Second, it settles the

20. Josephus' References To Crucifixion josephus (b. 37 C.E.) is our best literary source for the practice of crucifixion in Palestine during the GrecoRoman period. As a general in command of the http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jdtabor/cruc-josephus.html

Josephus (b. 37 C.E.) is our best literary source for the practice of crucifixion in Palestine during the Greco-Roman period. As a general in command of the Jewish forces of Galilee in the Great Revolt against Rome (66-73 C.E.), he reports his attempts to save the lives of three crucified captives by appealing directly to the Roman general Titus. One survived the cross under a physician's care, the other two could not be saved. Life 76 And when I was sent by Titus Caesar with Cerealins, and a thousand horsemen, to a certain village called Thecoa, in order to know whether it were a place fit for a camp, as I came back, I saw many captives crucified, and remembered three of them as my former acquaintance. I was very sorry at this in my mind, and went with tears in my eyes to Titus, and told him of them; so he immediately commanded them to be taken down, and to have the greatest care taken of them, in order to their recovery; yet two of them died under the physician's hands, while the third recovered. Antiquities 12: Chapter 5 The invasion of Palestine by Antiochus Epiphanies c. 167 B.C.E. giving rise to the Maccabean revolt (Channukah). Josephus graphic and bloody account mentions crucifixion — not clear just what it implies in this context but certainly some kind of hanging.

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