1. Amalgam - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal. Most metals are soluble in mercury, but some (such as iron) are not. amalgam also may be a solution of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgam

Amalgam From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search split into multiple articles. ( Discuss This article is about mixtures (alloys) of mercury with other elements as used in dentistry. For other uses, see Amalgamation#Amalgam Amalgam is a commonly used dental filling that has been used for over 150 years. It is a mixture of mercury with at least one other metal . Currently, dental amalgams are composed of about 40% mercury, and 60% powder where the powder is made up of silver (~62%), tin (~26%), copper (~10%), and zinc (~2%). Amalgam has many advantages over other restorative material, such as low cost, strength, durability, and bacteriostatic effects. Its main disadvantages are poor aesthetics on anterior teeth and the known toxicity of mercury. Concerns about possible detrimental health effects from the low levels of mercury released from amalgam have resulted in a decline in the routine use of amalgam in recent years. Contents History of use Modern use as a dental restoration Dental amalgam toxicity controversy See also ... edit History of use Amalgam filling The earliest instance of amalgam use as a a dental restorative material is not well established, but it has been reported that a silver paste was used to restore a tooth in as early as 659 A.D. in

2. Mercury Free And Healthy, The Dental Amalgam Issue Information about mercury amalgam fillings from DAMS (Dental amalgam Mercury Syndrome) Inc. and Consumers for Dental Choice (National Institute for Science, http://www.amalgam.org/

3. Amalgam - Definition From The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Definition of amalgam from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/amalgam

Home Visit Our Sites Unabridged Dictionary Learner's Dictionary ... Contact Us Also Visit: Unabridged Encyclopedia Britannica Visual ESL: Learner's for Kids: Spell It! Word Central Dictionary Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Search "amalgam" in: Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Dictionary Open Dictionary Browse words next to: amalgam Browse the Dictionary: A B C D ... Z amalgam One entry found. amalgam Main Entry: Pronunciation: Function: noun Etymology: Middle English amalgame, from Middle French, from Medieval Latin amalgama Date: 15th century  an alloy of mercury with another metal that is solid or liquid at room temperature according to the proportion of mercury present and is used especially in making tooth cements  a mixture of different elements Learn more about "amalgam" and related topics at Britannica.com Find Jobs in Your City Pronunciation Symbols Share this entry: Link to this page: Cite this page: Products Premium Services Company Info Contact Us ... Merriam-Webster, Incorporated

4. Amalgam / Mercury Dental Filling Toxicity An often overlooked, but extremely important source of toxic material is the mercury from silver mercury amalgam fillings. Some people who are aware of http://www.holisticmed.com/dental/amalgam/

Amalgam / Mercury Dental Filling Toxicity Back to Holistic Healing Home Page An often overlooked, but extremely important source of toxic material is the mercury from silver [mercury] amalgam fillings. Some people who are aware of the situation are confused by the mixture of information available. Unfortunately, statements from dental trade organizations and on a few poorly-researched news reports have muddled the situation. Here are a few facts about mercury amalgam fillings: Causes Damage to Brain in Children In February, 1998, a group of the world's top mercury researchers announced that mercury from amalgam fillings can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and immune system of children. Amalgam Fillings Linked to Neurological Problems, Gastrointestinal Problems The first large-scale epidemiological study of mercury and adverse reactions was recently completed and showed that of the symptoms looked at, there was a link seen to gastrointestinal problems, sleep disturbances, concentration problems, memory disturbances, lack of initiative, restlessness, bleeding gums and other mouth disorders. Mercury / Alzheimer's Disease Connection Found A study related to mercury and Alzheimer's Disease was recently completed by a team of scientists led by well-respected researcher Dr. Boyd Haley. They exposed rats to levels of mercury vapor diluted to account for size differences between humans and rats. The rats developed tissue damage "indistinguishable" from that of Alzheimer's Disease. Repeating the experiment showed the same results. Dr. Haley is quoted as saying "I'm getting the rest of my fillings taken out right now, and I've asked my wife to have hers replaced too." Also see:

5. US FDA/CDRH: Consumer Information - Questions And Answers On Dental Amalgam Questions and Answers on Dental amalgam. Dental amalgams are medical devices and are regulated by FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/consumer/amalgams.html

FDA Home Page CDRH Home Page Search A-Z Index Questions and Answers on Dental Amalgam 1. What is dental amalgam? Dental amalgam is the silver-colored material used to fill (restore) teeth that have cavities. Dental amalgam is made of two nearly equal parts: a powder containing silver, tin, copper, zinc and other metals, and liquid mercury. Dental amalgam has been used to fill cavities for over 100 years. It is easy to use, strong, durable, and relatively inexpensive. 3. What are the safety concerns about dental amalgam? When amalgam fillings are placed in teeth or removed from teeth, they release mercury vapor. Mercury vapor is also released during chewing. Some people believe that this mercury vapor can cause health problems, including neurological disorders, in certain sensitive individuals. 4. Is there evidence that dental amalgam is unsafe? Since the 1990s, FDA and other government agencies (CDC, NIH) have reviewed the scientific literature looking for links between dental amalgams and health problems. To date, the agencies have found no scientific studies that demonstrate dental amalgams harm children or adults. But we continue to review the literature and ask experts their opinions on the safety of dental amalgam. The panel generally agreed that there is no evidence that dental amalgams cause health problems in the majority of the population. However, the panel did raise concerns about the lack of knowledge concerning the effects of dental amalgam on specific groups, including pregnant women, small children, and people who are especially sensitive to mercury.

6. AMALGAM--a Samurai Champloo Fansite and we have her gracious permission to showcase it here at amalgam! Say anything nice or notnice about amalgam? Share info? Call me obsessive? http://www.spookhouse.net/angelynx/comics/amalgam.html

+++ Updated April 17th 2008 +++ As of February 2nd, once more yanked from Cartoon Network's Adult Swim (USA) on-air schedule. CN has also announced that as of summer 2008 they will no longer have the American broadcast rights to Champloo. Welcome to my tribute to my favorite anime series, Shinichiro Watanabe's Samurai Champloo . From the director and screenwriter of the much-revered anime gem, Cowboy Bebop a thing of beauty which consistently makes fan lists of the five best series ever and often tops themhas come a handsome, innovative, and thoroughly kickass neoclassic. Together with excellent writers Shinji Obara and Dai Sato, who also worked on Bebop , and character designer Kazuto Nakazawa, Watanabe has created another major obsession in my life. I love this thing to bits, and I want everyone else who appreciates beauty, imagination, energy and fine art in animeor, hell, anywhere to love it too. Illustrations above by Tsubaci Anna see more of her kickass work here: We now have pix of the fully painted prototype of this fkn' amazing figurine of Mugen from Hobby Figures Global! This is the first of their Champloo line (they assure me Jin and Fuu will follow), being produced as a cold cast porcelain piece this summer. Does this kick ass, or does it kick ass? Wow!

7. ADA.org: A-Z Topics: Amalgam This page provides current information on Dental amalgam as it relates to dental professionals. http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/topics/amalgam.asp

Licensure Catalog Member Directory Contact Us A-Z topics Amalgam Overview ADA News The Journal of the American Dental Association Emerging Issues ... Additional Resources Overview Dental amalgam is considered a safe, affordable and durable material that has been used to restore the teeth of more than 100 million Americans. It contains a mixture of metals such as silver, copper and tin, in addition to mercury, which binds these components into a hard, stable and safe substance. Dental amalgam has been studied and reviewed extensively, and has established a record of safety and effectiveness. Depending on treatment needs, it is one material available to dentists and patients when considering restorative options. Return to Top ADA News Court dismisses suit seeking new FDA restrictions on amalgam (April 16, 2007) Association provides testimony to FDA panel on amalgam safety (Sept. 11, 2006)

8. The "Mercury Toxicity" Scam:: How Anti-Amalgamists Swindle People Mercury is a component of the amalgam used for silver fillings. Antiamalgam dentists typically use a mercury vapor analyzer to convince patients that http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mercury.html

Home Search Your Guide to Quackery, Health Fraud, and Intelligent Decisions Send This Page to a Friend The "Mercury Toxicity" Scam: How Anti-Amalgamists Swindle People Stephen Barrett, M.D. More than half a century ago, Orson Welles panicked his radio audience by reporting that Martians had invaded New Jersey. On December 23, 1990, CBS-TV's "60 Minutes" achieved a similar effect by announcing that toxins have invaded the American mouth. There was, however, a big difference. Welles' broadcast was intended to be entertaining. The "60 Minutes" broadcast, narrated by veteran reporter Morley Safer, was intended to alarm—to persuade its audience that the mercury in dental fillings is a poison. It was the most irresponsible report on a health topic ever broadcast on network television. Mercury is a component of the amalgam used for "silver" fillings. The other major ingredients are silver, tin, copper, and zinc. When mixed, these elements bond to form a strong, stable substance. The difference between bound and unbound chemicals can be illustrated by a simple analogy. Elemental hydrogen is an explosive gas. Elemental oxygen is a gas that supports combustion. When combined, however, they form water, which has neither of these effects. Amalgam's ingredients are tightly bonded to each other. Although the types of chemical bonds in water and amalgam differ, saying that amalgam will poison you is just as wrong as saying that drinking water will make you explode and burst into flames.

9. Amalgam Fillings Comprehensive review of the latest research concerning amalgam fillings. http://www.yourhealthbase.com/amalgams.html

Amalgam (Silver) Fillings Summaries of the latest research concerning amalgam fillings By Hans R. Larsen MSc ChE Mercury sources and toxicity ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. Mercury is a highly toxic metal associated with damage to the kidneys and central nervous system. Mercury vapour is emitted from volcanoes, coal-burning power stations, and municipal incinerators and returns to the earth through rain contaminated with metallic mercury. Metallic mercury is methylated to methyl mercury in oceans and lakes and enters the food chain via fish and other seafood. Long-lived predator fish such as shark, swordfish, tilefish, king mackerel, and pike and bass in fresh water are the main sources of methyl mercury. Dental amalgams are an important source of mercury vapour and the vaccine preservative thimerosal is a significant source of ethyl mercury. Researchers at the University of Rochester School of Medicine recently published a review of what is currently known about mercury toxicity. Among the highlights: Mercury vapour, methyl mercury and ethyl mercury all target the central nervous system and mercury vapour and ethyl mercury also target the kidneys. Inorganic (metallic) mercury primarily targets the kidneys and stomach.

10. "Amalgam Illness:" Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mercury Poisoning, Fibromyalgia, A A book on chronic mercury poisoning and how to cure it. http://www.noamalgam.com/

Mercury poisoning fibromyalgia chronic fatigue chemical sensitivity autism hyperactivity Amalgam Illness Diagnosis and Treatment A book on how to cure mercury poisoning by Andrew Hall Cutler, PhD, PE What is in the book Back cover copy Problems mercury can cause Diseases mercury can cause ... How to order the book A wide variety of debilitating and supposedly incurable conditions may actually be due to chronic mercury poisoning. Mercury poisoning can be easily cured if it is recognized. These conditions are seldom cured because mercury poisoning is believed to be rare. It is not. It is quite common. Thus, many people suffer needlessly. Many of today's "mystery syndromes" that physicians don't know how to treat at all - fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, anorexia, recurrent depression - aren't mystery syndromes. They are just mercury poisoning. Treating them as mercury poisoning cures them, while the usual treatments are seldom effective in the long term. This book gives practical guidance on how to tell if you really have chronic mercury poisoning or some other problem. If mercury poisoning is your problem, the book tells you how to get the mercury out of your body, and how to feel good while you do that. Sections also explain how the scientific literature shows many people must be getting poisoned by their amalgam fillings, why such a regulatory blunder occurred, and how the debate between "mainstream" and "alternative" medicine makes it more difficult for you to get the medical help you need.

11. Natural Language Processing Project Page -- Amalgam -- amalgam is a novel system developed in the Natural Language Processing group at Microsoft Research for sentence realization during natural language http://research.microsoft.com/nlp/Projects/AmalgamProject.aspx

Quick Links Home Worldwide Search for All Microsoft Research Downloads Publications Researcher Pages Microsoft Research Home About Microsoft Research Research Areas People ... Press Resources AMALGAM Overview Project Members Publications Overview Amalgam is a novel system developed in the Natural Language Processing group at Microsoft Research for sentence realization during natural language generation. Sentence realization is the process of generating (realizing) a fluent sentence from a semantic representation. From the outset, the goal of the Amalgam project has been to build a sentence realization system in a data-driven fashion using machine learning techniques.To date, we have implemented Amalgam for both German and French, with English in the works. Amalgam accepts as input a logical form graph capturing the meaning of a sentence. The logical form shown here is for the German sentence Die ODBC-Spezifikation definiert das Feld, das die Komponente bezeichnet, die die Meldung ausgegeben hat. (from MS technical manuals) Amalgam constrains the search for a fluent sentence realization by following a linguistically informed approach that includes such component steps as labeling of phrasal projections, raising, ordering of elements within a constituent, and extraposition of relative clauses. For the above example,the following tree illustrates the transformed tree just prior to ordering.

12. Architectural Models-Exhibition Modelmakers-Prototyping-SLA-Vacuum Casting-CAD-M Model makers specialising in architectural models, maritime models, prototype models, aerospace models and museum / display models. http://www.amalgam-models.co.uk/

Amalagam /Models Amalgam display specializes in custom-made objects and environments for the retail, exhibition and media industries. We offer the complete service of design, realization, project management and installation, but are happy to do as much or as little as your project requires... Amalgam architecture specializes in custom-made scale models for architects, engineers, boat and transport designers, industrial designers and museums. Our team of modelmakers use the best blend of computer-aided technology and traditional skills to produce exactly the right model for your purpose... Amalgam prototypes provides a full prototyping service for the design and manufacturing industry, with clients ranging from multinational corporations to start-up businesses and individual inventors. As computer-aided methods continue to evolve, we are able to combine cutting-edge digital technology... click logo to enter site click logo to enter site click logo to enter site ‘Sensagest’ gesture pad working prototype Pure Ability Limited Southampton signage system City ID for Southampton City Council Stuttgart Station Ingenhoven Architekten enquiries@amalgam-models.co.uk / t: +44 (0)117 924 9596

13. Dental Amalgam: A Scientific Review And Recommended Public Health Service Strate Dental amalgam A Scientific Review and Recommended Public Health Service Strategy for Research, Education and Regulation. Final Report of the Subcommittee http://web.health.gov/environment/amalgam1/ct.htm

Dental Amalgam: A Scientific Review and Recommended Public Health Service Strategy for Research, Education and Regulation Final Report of the Subcommittee on Risk Management of the Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs Public Health Service January 1993 Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Table of Contents Introductory letter from James O. Mason, M.D., Dr.P.H., Assistant Secretary for Health Introductory letter from James S. Benson, Chairman, subcommittee on Risk Management Members of the Subcommittee on Risk Management Preface ... Contributors to the Report APPENDICES I: The Benefits of Dental Amalgam II: Summary Tables on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Alternative Dental Restorative Materials III: Evaluation of Risks Associated With Mercury Vapor from Dental Amalgam IV: Research Work Group Report ... VIII: Potential Biological Consequences of Mercury Released From Dental Amalgam

14. Is Dental Amalgam Safe? Addressing The Risks Of Mercury In Amalgam Fillings Millions of people have amalgam fillings. Although concern has been raised over the mercury in amalgam triggering many studies to determine whether amalgam http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/US/OC/Information/OralHealthBasics/CheckupsDe

Colgate United States Contact Us Oral Care Personal Care ... Orthodontics Dental Amalgam: A Health Risk? Dental amalgam is a common material used to fill cavities. Fillings made with amalgam also are known as silver fillings. Over the years concerns have been raised about the use of amalgam because it contains mercury. We talked with David A. Albert, D.D.S., M.P.H., associate professor of dentistry and public health at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine and the Mailman School of Public Health, about the safety of dental amalgam. What is amalgam? Amalgam is a combination of metals that has been used in dentistry for more than 100 years and is still commonly used today. Although it sometimes is called "silver amalgam," amalgam actually consists of a combination of silver, mercury, tin and copper, and small amounts of zinc, indium or palladium. With the development of tooth-colored materials to restore teeth, amalgam is used less often than in the past, but the newer materials can't be used for all situations. Amalgam has been popular as a material for dental fillings and restorations because it is less expensive than other materials and holds up better over time, especially in teeth that undergo a lot of pressure and wear from chewing. How safe is amalgam?

15. Amalgam Virgo To practice their part in defending the U.S. from these missiles, members of the 513th Air Control Group deployed to Florida for the amalgam Virgo cruise http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/amalgam-virgo.htm

var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="8/7/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; Education Jobs Travel Gifts ... Public Eye Military Participants Units Facilities Links References var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="91/20/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="300"; var zflag_height="250"; var zflag_sz="9"; Amalgam Virgo Amalgam Virgo is a joint-service, cruise-missile defense exercise at Tyndall AFB. Fast, low-flying cruise missiles are hard to detect. To practice their part in defending the U.S. from these missiles, members of the 513th Air Control Group deployed to Florida for the "Amalgam Virgo" cruise missile defense exercise. The multi-service exercise tested the defense and response capabilities to a cruise missile attack on Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla., June 1-4, 2001. Homeland defense is increasingly being discussed as a primary mission for Guard and Reserve forces. The exercise was coordinated by the Air National Guard's 1st Air Force and involved active duty, National Guard and Reserve forces, the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard as players. Contributing to the air picture was the Navy Aegis cruiser, USS Yorktown, in the Gulf of Mexico. Equipped with a high-powered radar capable of tracking more than 100 targets simultaneously, the Yorktown also played a role in the multi-layered defense used to shoot down a cruise missile

16. California Dental Association - Amalgam Dental amalgam is considered a safe, longlasting, and versatile tooth restorative material that has been in use for more than 150 years and has restored http://www.cda.org/popup/Amalgam

Amalgam California Dental Association MOVING FORWARD. TOGETHER. AMALGAM IS A SAFE, DURABLE FILLING MATERIAL Dental amalgam is considered a safe, long-lasting, and versatile tooth restorative material that has been in use for more than 150 years and has restored the teeth of more than 100 million Americans. A comparison of dental amalgam to other restorative materials can be found in the California Dental Materials Fact Sheet. WHAT DO HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHERS SAY ABOUT AMALGAM? The California Dental Association looks to the federal and international public health agencies to determine the safety of all products used in the practice of dentistry. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Public Health Service, World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services all have found dental amalgam to be a safe and effective dental restorative material. These public health organizations continue to review and monitor the literature and research to ensure the safety of the public. American Academy of Pediatrics Although dental amalgams are a source of mercury exposure and are associated with slightly higher urinary mercury excretion, there is no scientific evidence of any measurable clinical toxic effects other than rare hypersensitivity reactions. An expert panel for the National Institutes of Health has concluded that existing evidence indicates dental amalgams do not pose a health risk and should not be replaced merely to decrease mercury exposure.

17. WPage / Who's Who In Amalgam amalgam and all amalgam characters, names, and related elements are jointly held trademarks of DC Comics and Marvel Characters, Inc. Nonamalgam DC and http://www.io.com/~woodward/chroma/amalgam.html

Who's Who: Handbook of the Version 3.0 DC/Marvel: All Access #4 Unlimited Access #4 "Um... I'm in the middle of discovering a new dimension right now, Sue." "It'll still be there when we get back." -Prof Richards and Ace Storm, Challengers of the Fantastic #1, June '97 Amalgam and all Amalgam characters, names, and related elements are jointly held trademarks of DC Comics and Marvel Compiled and created by Jonathan Woodward Format Name [DC Character / Marvel Character] Notes, comments, and blah-de-blah. BKS If more than one character from a publisher is merged, they are separated by commas. A "?" indicates doubt, of course. "[]" is short for "[? / ?]". If the source is simply "[DC]" or "[Marvel]", the character is not obviously merged, though he or she may be changed (e.g., Doc Ock .). "None", "both", and "various" are self-explanatory. After that is a brief discussion of the character and the merging, followed by the codes for the books the character is mentioned in. The codes are: ASN Assassins BAT Bat-Thing AMZ Amazon COF Challengers of the Fantastic BRW Bruce Wayne: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.

18. Amalgam amalgam scooly s APS brushes. http://amalgam.gubblebum.net/

Amalgam <meta name="keywords" content= "scooly, brush, brushes, adobe, photoshop, photo, shop, photoshop"> x hi and welcome and choose section! ^^ : - or - : x ac=397925 ; lang= 'en'; view = 1; Photoshop Brushes angelic-trust x gubblebum

19. Amalgam Solid - Product Development - Rapid Prototyping amalgam is a one stop resource for companies requiring the most accurate prototypes and production parts of the highest quality. http://asolid.com/

We provide a complete range of prototyping services for various industries with diverse needs. From CNC machining and Stereolithography to tooling for short-run production, we offer a one stop resource for companies requiring the most accurate prototypes and production parts of the highest quality. CNC MACHINING CNC machining, CNC turning, CNC prototypes, CNC production, metals, plastics, Wire / Sinker EDM... STEREOLITHOGRAPHY - (SLA) Solidifying liquid resin layer upon layer with a laser to produce CAD / CAM SERVICES Creation of 2D and 3D engineering drawings and electronic data files using CAD resources, Mold Design... PRODUCTION RTV MOLDING / CASTING RTV Casting of Urethane resins in silicone molds to produce functional prototypes, presentation models...

20. Amalgam Fillings And Informed Consent However, the American Dental Association (ADA) supports the use of such fillings and assures the American people that dental amalgam is safe. http://www.piercelaw.edu/risk/vol2/spring/royal.htm

Amalgam Fillings: Do Dental Patients Have a Right to Informed Consent?* Michael A. Royal** Introduction An individual may seek the services of a dentist for any number of reasons. After examination, the dentist may determine that the patient has a cavity and inform the patient that the cavity must be filled. Dentists usually do not consult patients to determine what materials to use. Most feel that dialogue with the patient on this issue is unnecessary. However, some materials may be hazardous under certain conditions. New research suggests that mercury amalgam (or "silver") fillings (hereinafter amalgam) may fall into that category. However, the American Dental Association (ADA) supports the use of such fillings and assures "the American people that dental amalgam is safe."1 The ADA claims that since mercury amalgam has been used for over 150 years, its safety should not be disputed.2 While its position remains largely unsupported by scientific evidence, the ADA challenges those opposed to the use of amalgam fillings (anti-amalgamists) to produce scientific evidence that its use is harmful to humans.3 This challenge has been accepted. The anti-amalgamists have countered by challenging the ADA to demonstrate that safe levels of mercury in human tissues exist before endorsing its use.4 The ADA has yet to respond. Both sides do, however, agree that "[1] [mercury] is one of the most poisonous elements known to man, and [2] mercury amalgam may cause ill effects in those people who are mercury sensitive."5

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