61. Ants And Avalanches: Insects On Coffee Plants Follow Widespread Natural Tendency Ever since a forwardthinking trio of physicists identified the phenomenon known as self-organized criticality a mechanism by which complexity arises in http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080123131744.htm

Science News Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark Ants And Avalanches: Insects On Coffee Plants Follow Widespread Natural Tendency ScienceDaily (Jan. 29, 2008) See also: Insects and Butterflies Invasive Species Animals Artificial Intelligence ... Wildlife gardening Now, researchers at the University of Michigan and the University of Toledo have shown that clusters of ant nests on a coffee farm in Mexico also adhere to the model. Their work, which has implications for controlling coffee pests, appears in the Jan. 24 issue of the journal Nature. The basic idea of self-organized criticality often is illustrated with a sand pile. As you trickle sand onto the cone-shaped pile, the cone grows and grows until it reaches a "state of criticality" where it stops growing. Add more sand, and the grains just slide down the sides in mini-avalanches. "What physicists have done-both mathematically and physically-is look at how many grains of sand actually fall with each avalanche," said John Vandermeer, the Margaret Davis Collegiate Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and one of the Nature paper's authors. "What they find is that most avalanches involve one or two sand grains, and relatively few avalanches involve hundreds of sand grains." Such a pattern-with small versions of a phenomenon being more common than big ones-characterizes what's known as a power law, a sort of fingerprint of systems that exhibit self-organized criticality. What do avalanches have to do with ants" Vandermeer and co-author Ivette Perfecto, a professor at the U-M School of Natural Resources and Environment, have been studying ants and other associated insects in a 45-hectare (111-acre) plot on an organic coffee farm in southwestern Mexico for three years and wondered whether the spatial distribution patterns they observed could be explained through the concept of criticality. With Stacy Philpott, then a U-M graduate student and now an assistant professor of ecology at the University of Toledo, they set out to examine the system in detail.

62. Myrmecology - The Science About Ants The utimative site with extensive information about the most successful species on this planet the ants. http://members.aol.com/dinarda/ant/index.html

63. ANTS: A Toolkit For Building And Dynamically Deploying Network Protocols ants A Toolkit for Building and Dynamically Deploying Network Protocols. IEEE OPENARCH 98, San Francisco, CA, April 1998. http://tns-www.lcs.mit.edu/publications/openarch98.html

ANTS: A Toolkit for Building and Dynamically Deploying Network Protocols IEEE OPENARCH'98 , San Francisco, CA, April 1998. Authors David J. Wetherall John Guttag , and David L. Tennenhouse Abstract We present a novel approach to building and deploying network protocols. The approach is based on mobile code, demand loading, and caching techniques. The architecture of our system allows new protocols to be dynamically deployed at both routers and end systems, without the need for coordination and without unwanted interaction between co-existing protocols. In this paper, we describe our architecture and its realization in a prototype implementation. To demonstrate how to exploit our architecture, we present two simple protocols that operate within our prototype to introduce multicast and mobility services into a network that initially lacks them. Text .ps.gz

64. Red Imported Fire Ant - Solenopsis Invicta Photographs and information on this ant, its distribution, identification, biology, life cycle, multiple queen colonies, economic importance, management and http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/urban/ants/red_imported_fire_ant.htm

common name: red imported fire ant scientific name: Solenopsis invicta Buren (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) Introduction Distribution Taxonomy Identification ... Selected References Introduction Two species of fire ants are found in Florida. Most notorious is Solenopsis invicta Buren, the red imported fire ant (RIFA), followed by the much less common S. geminata (Fabricius), the tropical or native fire ant. Other more common U.S. members of this genus include S. xyloni McCook, the southern fire ant, S. aurea Wheeler, found in western states, and S. richteri Forel, the black imported fire ant, found in southeastern states. Distribution The RIFA was first introduced from Brazil into either Mobile, AL or Pensacola, FL between 1933 and 1945. The black imported fire ant is confined to northeastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama. However, the RIFA infests Puerto Rico and all or part of thirteen southern states from North Carolina to southern California (Mobley and Redding 2005). RIFA Distribution Maps Taxonomy Originally

65. Official Google Blog: Ants Unearthed With Google Earth On Antweb, you can access information about ants via location – and Google Earth allows for any scale of access via location. So you can be in Santa Clara http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/09/ants-unearthed-with-google-earth.html

@import url('http://www2.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css'); @import url('http://www2.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=8975829421217267474'); skip to main skip to sidebar Ants unearthed with Google Earth 9/30/2005 10:37:00 AM Posted by Brian L. Fisher, Associate Curator of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences At a time when the power of information technology doubles every 12 to 15 months and extends to capture every scrap we have, digitizing biodiversity information is a final frontier for IT. It's an essential step to ensure society maintains and hopefully increases bio-literacy. Toward this end, there's Antweb . It's a project from the California Academy of Sciences that has incorporated the Google Earth interface to provide location-based access to the diversity and wonder of ants: from your backyard to the Congo Basin. As society advances, literacy increases and bio-literacy decreases. If you're illiterate, you may view a library as thinly sliced stacks of firewood; a Google search engine is meaningless. If you are bio-illiterate, a forest is at best a green blob to be consumed. If you are bio-literate, you see the diversity of the forest and understand that each animal, each plant, tells a story and has a place. Google has helped us achieve free and democratic access to information, but now, with

66. Ivars Peterson's MathTrek -Buffon's Needling Ants Now it appears that a certain ant species uses a Buffon s needle algorithm to measure the size of potential nest sites. Eamonn B. Mallon and Nigel R. Franks http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_5_15_00.html

Ivars Peterson's MathTrek May 15, 2000 Buffon's Needling Ants The classic probability experiment known as Buffon's needle produces a statistical estimate of the value of pi, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. The experiment consists of randomly dropping a needle over and over again onto a wooden floor made up of parallel planks. If the needle's length is no greater than the width of the boards, the probability of the needle meeting or crossing a seam between boards is twice the needle's length, l, divided by the plank width, d, times pi: 2l/d p The idea of estimating pi by randomly casting a needle onto an infinite plane ruled with parallel lines was first proposed by the naturalist and mathematician Georges Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon (1707-1788). He himself apparently tried to measure pi by throwing sticklike loaves of French bread over his shoulder onto a tiled floor and counting the number of times the loaves fell across the lines between the tiles. In 1901, the Italian mathematician Mario Lazzarini claimed to have tossed a needle 3,408 times and obtained a value of pi equal to 355/113, or 3.1415929, which differs from the exact value by less than 0.0000003. How he managed to ensure truly random needle casting and got his remarkably accurate pi estimate isn't clear, though mathematicians have recently argued that cheating must have been involved. Subsequent experiments by other investigators typically produced less accurate values of pi. In recent years, computer simulations have taken overwith results modulated by quirks of the random number generators involved in the computations.

67. Harvard University Press: The Ants By Bert Hölldobler The ants by Bert Hölldobler, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HOLANT.html

Home Ordering Search/Browse Contact ... HUP The Ants Edward O. Wilson 1991 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction 1990 R.R. Hawkins Prize of the Professional/Scholarly Publishing Division of the Association of American Publishers The authors in the rain forest of Costa Rica by Tom Ray. Harvard University Edward O. Wilson is Pellegrino University Professor at Harvard University Other HUP Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration Other HUP Books by Edward O. Wilson Sociobiology, Abridged Edition Biophilia The Insect Societies The Diversity of Life, Special Edition ... Author Forum Harvard edition COBEE Belknap Press 746 pages Hardcover edition Short March 1990 ISBN 13: ISBN 10: 0-674-04075-9 Browse Related Subject Areas: SCIENCE: Life Sciences: Biology: General SCIENCE: Life Sciences: Zoology: Entomology REFERENCE: General Find this book in libraries near you: Books Books Menu ALL books by: NEW books by: ... HUP and the Green Press Initiative

68. FDLP Desktop: Administrative Notes Technical Supplement (ANTS) Adminstrative Notes Technical Supplement (ants) is Library Programs Service s monthly newsletter which updates various FDLP related publications, http://www.gpo.gov/su_docs/fdlp/pubs/techsup/index.html

FDLP Desktop Main Page About the FDLP Depository Management ... Publications Administrative Notes Technical Supplement (ANTS) ANTS Back Issues Keyword Search at U of M WEBTech Notes Adminstrative Notes Technical Supplement (ANTS) is Library Programs Service's monthly newsletter which updates various FDLP related publications, directories, depository listings, etc. Current Issue January - February 29, 2008 - PDF version (Printable) Back Issues 2008 - Volume 15 January - February 29, 2008 - (Vol. 15, no. 01-02) 2007 - Volume 14 November - December 31,, 2007 - (Vol. 14, no. 11-12) September - October 31, 2007 - (Vol. 14, no. 09-10) July - August 31, 2007 - (Vol. 14, no. 07-08) May - June 30, 2007 - (Vol. 14, no. 05-06) March - April 30, 2007 - (Vol. 14, no. 03-04) January - February 28, 2007 - (Vol. 14, no. 01-02) 2006 - Volume 13 November - December 31, 2006 - (Vol. 13, no. 11-12) September - October 31, 2006 - (Vol. 13, no. 09-10) July - August 31, 2006 - (Vol. 13, no. 07-08) May - June 30, 2006 - (Vol. 13, no. 05-06) March - April 30, 2006 - (Vol. 13, no. 03-04)

69. Ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Of Cowling Arboretum And McKnight This is a presentation of the research being done at the Cowling Arboretum, with general information on how to collect, identify and study ants. http://www.acad.carleton.edu/curricular/BIOL/resources/ant/

Summary of project Cowling Arboretum map, description of habitats, etc. Ants collected in Cowling Arboretum and McKnight Prairie , Minnesota Preliminary list and distribution of the ants of Minnesota Distribution of ants in the Midwest, USA based on published lists of seven states and the present study Summary table of the number of species per state , the Midwest, and the whole Nearctic Introduction and how to use the keys How to prepare specimens Key to subfamilies Keys to genera Assorted images of ant species collected Please send any questions or comments regarding these pages to Tim Linksvayer (Tim.Linksvayer@alumni.carleton.edu) Last modified

70. Fire Ants, Insecticides, Ant Control, Insecticide, Fipronil, Pest Control Produc Fire ants Specializing in insecticides, ant control, insecticide, fipronil, pest control products, fire ants control, pest control, pest control services, http://www.nofireants.com/

HOME HOW TOPCHOICE WORKS ABOUT FIRE ANTS TESTIMONIALS ... CONTACT US A revolutionary approach to fire ant control Over the last 70 years, red imported fire ants have become entrenched in the southern United States. And they are expanding their territories into California and northward on both coasts. Now, new TopChoice from Bayer Environmental Science offers homeowners, landscapers and groundskeepers new hope. Available only through lawn care or pest control professionals, one broadcast application of TopChoice effectively controls fire ants for a full year. Existing fire ants in the treated area are killed and new colonies are prevented from forming. Read more Public enemy #1 Red imported fire ants are the primary insect problem for Southern home lawns, schools, parks, and business and industrial sites. Currently, fire ants infest over 325 million acres across the southern tier of states. And they're moving into California and northward along both coasts. Read more Hear a TopChoice radio spot Frustration News Articles Control Yearly Home Maintenance Costs Starting This Fall Stinging Truth About Fire Ants Quiz Winner Announced Food and Insect Allergies Pose Increasing Danger Among Unaware Nearly 45% of School Nurses Say Fire Ants Pose Serious Threat to Students ... Will More Hurricanes in 2006 Bring More Fire Ant Trouble?

71. AFUNK - Ants Coloring Books Just like bees, ants have a hive mind. They work togeather to collect food for the rest of the group. There are four main types of ants. http://www.afunk.com/ants/

Cartoons 101 Dalmatians Archie Comics Barbie Blues Clues ... Winnie The Pooh Various Ancient Egypt Buildings Circus Furby ... Vegetables Holidays Christmas Easter Halloween Jewish ... Valentines Day Mythological Beasts Dragons Mermaid Pegasus Unicorn Just like bees, ants have a hive mind. They work togeather to collect food for the rest of the group. There are four main types of ants. There is a queen that runs the nest. There are flying drones that protects the nest. Yes ants can fly. Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 There are smaller drones that collect large pieces of food. There are also really small ants that pick up crumbs. They are the worker ants. Animals Alligator Animals Bear Beaver ... Zebra TV Shows Barney Elmo Dukes of Hazzard Family Ties (Urkel) ... Wishbone Search Web For This: Toys Sports Playstation Pokemon ... Games Insects Ants Bees Butterfly Dragonfly ... Worm Other Mazes Wordsearch Star Wars Wizard of Oz ... E-Mail

72. Entomology And Plant Pathology - Fireants Red Imported Fire ants (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta, are stinging insects that The most significant problem associated with fire ants is their stinging http://www.ento.okstate.edu/fireants/fireants.html

Entomology and Plant Pathology university division college ... Fire Ants Home You are here: home Red Imported Fire Ants Red Imported Fire Ants (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta , are stinging insects that belong to the same order as bees and wasps. The RIFA now infests more than 325 million acres in the southern United States, where it has become a considerable agricultural pest and a significant health hazard. The most significant problem associated with fire ants is their stinging behavior. The ants are very aggressive and will readily attack anything that disturbs their mound. After firmly grasping the skin with its jaws, the fire ant arches its back as it inserts its rear-end stinger into the flesh, injecting venom from the poison sac. It then pivots at the head and typically inflicts an average of seven to eight stings in a circular pattern. Fire ant venom is unique because of the high concentation of toxins, which are responsible for the burning pain characteristic of fire ant stings. In Oklahoma, the OSU Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry are dedicated to providing practical solutions to problems created by fire ants through research and extension. To learn more about our goals in these areas, click

73. Ants Practice Nepotism, Study Finds The highly social and complex world of ants is not void of selfish acts. Worker ants of the species Formica fusca apparently can distinguish who their http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0226_030226_antnepotism.html

National Geographic News, Reporting Your World Daily Wednesday, May 28, 2008 MAIN ANIMAL NEWS ANCIENT WORLD ENVIRONMENT NEWS ... VIDEO Ants Practice Nepotism, Study Finds John Roach for National Geographic News February 26, 2003 The highly social and complex world of ants is not void of selfish acts. Worker ants of the species Formica fusca apparently can distinguish who their closest relatives are and kill their more distant relations. Printer Friendly Email to a Friend SHARE Digg StumbleUpon Reddit RELATED Army Ants Obey Traffic Plan to Avoid Jams, Study Says U.S. Students Continue Ants-in-Space Experiment Ant Study Shows Link Between Single Gene, Colony Formation Ants Pawns In Battle Of Wasps, Butterflies Science has long held that ants who share the same genetic make up have a vested interest in favoring their closest kin at the expense of the social cohesion of the entire ant colony. But evidence for ant nepotism has been difficult to find. Nature. "The theory tells us it should be there," he said. "But the implication from data from the last 10 to 15 years tells us it shouldn't be there. In light of these negative results, I am somewhat surprised." Ant Study Unlike bee colonies, ant colonies are often ruled by more than one queen. Among some species, such as fire ants, a single ant colony can have as many as 500 queens. On the surface, the ants in such colonies seem to work cooperatively for the interest of the entire group.

74. New World Army Ants Provides a wealth of information on ants in the subfamily Ecitoninae, with photographs, keys, species accounts and links. http://www.armyants.org/

Main Dissections Keys Links Map Index ... Guestbook !!! This Site is under construction !!! SUBFAMILY ECITONINAE The New World Ecitoninae, together with the Old World Dorylinae, are the legionary ants, par excellence . Their colonies may reach enormous size (up to 2.2xl0 for Old World Dorylus and up to 10 for Eciton ; Brian, 1965). Colonies are nomadic. The bizarre queens lay enormous numbers of eggs at regular intervals and when the brood reach a certain level of development, the entire colony relocates to a new site. There is never a true nest, as such, but only a temporary bivouac. The available information on army ant life has been summarized by Gotwald (1982). The Ecitoninae were, until recently included within the Dorylinae, a group now considered to be restricted to the Old World tropics and subtropics (Snelling, 1981b; Gotwald, 1982). Wheeler and Wheeler (1985) have argued in favor of lumping all the legionary ants back into the single subfamily Dorylinae partly because that "... at least is well supported by larval evidence," even though they had earlier stated that larval characters (or their lack) should not take precedence over adult characters. As additional evidence they cited Kistner's (1972) conclusion that

75. Ant - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Information from Wikipedia on this family of eusocial insects. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant

Ant From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search For other uses, see Ant (disambiguation) Ants Fossil range: Cretaceous - Recent Meat eater ant feeding on honey Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Suborder: Apocrita Superfamily: Vespoidea Family: Formicidae Latreille Subfamilies Aenictogitoninae Agroecomyrmecinae Amblyoponinae (incl. " Apomyrminae Aneuretinae Cerapachyinae Dolichoderinae ... Ecitoninae (incl. " Dorylinae " and " Aenictinae Ectatomminae Formicinae Heteroponerinae ... Myrmeciinae (incl. " Nothomyrmeciinae Myrmicinae Paraponerinae Ponerinae ... Pseudomyrmecinae Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related families of wasps and bees , belong to the order Hymenoptera . They are a diverse group of more than 12,000 species , with a higher diversity in the tropics . They are known for their highly organized colonies and nests, which sometimes consist of millions of individuals. Individuals are divided into sub-fertile, and more commonly sterile, females ("workers", "soldiers", and other castes), fertile males ("drones"), and fertile females ( "queens" ). Colonies can occupy and use a wide area of land to support themselves.

76. Ant Information The body of an ant is clearly divided into three sections the head, the thorax, and the gaster. (The narrow waist is actually within the abdomen, http://insected.arizona.edu/antinfo.htm

Ant Information Return to previous page Phylum , Arthropoda; Class , Insecta; Order , Hymenoptera Identifying Features Appearance (Morphology) The body of an ant is clearly divided into three sections: the head, the thorax, and the gaster. (The narrow waist is actually within the abdomen, so the part of the abdomen behind the waist is called the gaster.) The waist can be made up of one or two small segments, depending on the species. Ants are social insects living in colonies comprised of one or a few queens, and many workers. The queen generally stays deep and safe within a nest. Most ants that you see are workers and these are all females. Depending on species, workers may be similar in size, or come in a range of sizes. Ants tend to come in dark or earth tones. Different species are black, earth-tone reds, pale tans, and basic browns. Caveat: Ants are very diverse and it is difficult to generalize about them. Therefore, if ants you collect don't quite fit these generalizations, consult such books as The Ants Adult Males and Females When ant colonies reproduce, the

77. Antbase.org Antbase now provides for the first time access to all the ant species of the world, one of the ecologically most important groups of animals worldwide. http://antbase.org/

Taxon search Help Author search Help Home Databases Projects ... About Welcome to antbase.org Antbase now provides for the first time access to all the ant species of the world, one of the ecologically most important groups of animals worldwide. Antbase is a collaborative effort between scientists from around the world, aiming at providing the best possible access to the wealth of information on ants, to fulfill the conservation needs of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI), and the Species Survival Commission of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Antbase, together with the Hymenoptera On-line Database, is the data provider for ants to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System, ITIS. Antbase is being built and maintained at the American Museum of Natural History ( Donat Agosti ) and the Ohio State University ( Norman F. Johnson To cite antbase itself, use: Agosti, D., and N. F. Johnson. Editors. 2005. Antbase. World Wide Web electronic publication. antbase.org, version (05/2005) To give due credit to the original authors, please cite data taken from antbase by the author and citation of the respective record.

78. Texas Imported Fire Ant Research And Management Project The Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Plan is a statefunded program developed to find effective methods to eliminate the red imported fire http://fireant.tamu.edu/

Home About Fire Ants Managing Fire Ants Information Materials ... Contact Us W elcome to the Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project. The impact of red imported fire ants in the state of Texas is estimated to be $1.2 billion annually. Red imported fire ants are pests of urban, agricultural and wildlife areas and can pose a serious health threat to plants and animals. The goal of the Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project is to find effective methods to eliminate this invasive species as a major economic and medical pest. This website provides research-based information to homeowners, agricultural producers, industry professional, institutional clients, educators or anyone looking for way to help manage fire ants. It also serves as a resource for researchers and students and provides documentation accounting for current and recent research progress at the Texas AgriLife Research and collaborating institutions funded through the project. What's New...

79. Clever Teacher - Work Smarter, Not Harder! - Counting Interactive Story Clever Teacher Work Smarter, Not Harder! The premier free web site for pre k through second grade teachers. Designed by teachers to provide a fun way to http://www.cleverisland.com/teachers/counting/story/6.asp

80. Langton's Ant -- From Wolfram MathWorld When the ant is started on an empty grid, it eventually builds a highway that is a series of 104 steps that repeat indefinitely, each time displacing the http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LangtonsAnt.html

Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics ... Less... Langton's Ant A 4-state 2-dimensional Turing machine invented in the 1980s. The ant starts out on a grid containing black and white cells, and then follows the following set of rules. 1. If the ant is on a black square, it turns right and moves forward one unit. 2. If the ant is on a white square, it turns left and moves forward one unit. 3. When the ant leaves a square, it inverts the color. When the ant is started on an empty grid, it eventually builds a "highway" that is a series of 104 steps that repeat indefinitely, each time displacing the ant two pixels vertically and horizontally. The plots above show the ant starting from a completely white grid after 386 (left figure) and (right figure) steps. In the right figure, the highway is being constructed towards the lower right-hand corner. The fact that the ant's path is unbounded is guaranteed by the Cohen-Kung theorem . It is believed that no matter what initial pattern the ant is started on, it will eventually build a highway (although it might in principle take an extremely long time to reach this point). This would appear to follow naturally from the fact that Langton's ant is reversible, although it remains formally unproved (Beermann and Van Foeken). SEE ALSO: Cohen-Kung Theorem Paterson's Worms Turing Machine Turmite REFERENCES: Beermann, M. and Van Foeken, N. "Langton's Ant: An Exercise in Machine Design."

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