21. Buddhism - Crystalinks buddhism is a religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha Gautama (or Gautama), who lived as early as the 6th century BC. http://www.crystalinks.com/buddhism.html

Buddhism Buddhism is a religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha Gautama (or Gautama), who lived as early as the 6th century BC. Spreading from India to Central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual, cultural, and social life of the Eastern world and during the 20th century has spread to the West. This article surveys Buddhism from its origins to its elaboration in various schools, sects, and regional developments. Ancient Buddhist scripture and doctrine developed primarily in two closely related literary languages of ancient India, Pali and Sanskrit. In this article, Pali and Sanskrit words that have gained some currency in English are treated as English words and are rendered in the form in which they appear in English-language dictionaries. Exceptions occur in special circumstancesas, for example, in the case of the Sanskrit term dharma (Pali: dhamma), which has meanings that are not usually associated with the English "dharma." Pali forms are given in the sections that deal with Buddhists whose primary sacred language was Pali (including discussions of the teaching of the Buddha, which are reconstructed on the basis of Pali texts). Sanskrit forms are given in the sections that deal with Buddhists whose primary focus was on Sanskritic traditions. The Buddha was not a god and the philosophy of Buddhism does not entail any theistic world-view. The teachings of the Buddha are aimed solely to liberate sentient beings from suffering.

22. Buddhist Studies WWW VL This site keeps track of leading information facilities in the fields of buddhism and Buddhist studies. Please register any new resources or mail http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-Buddhism.html

The World-Wide Web Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree WWW VL database Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library The Internet Guide to Buddhism and Buddhist Studies Google rank among the 586,000 buddhist studies pages world-wide (May 2008). Est.: 5 Sep 1994. Last updated: 21 May 2008. Edited by: Dr T. Matthew Ciolek (The Australian National University, Canberra, AU), Prof. Joe Bransford Wilson (U. of North Carolina at Wilmington, US) and Privat-Dozent Jerome Ducor (Ethnographic Museum, Geneva, CH) in association with Adrian Hale, Barry Kapke, Murray Kessell, and Peter Schlenker (in US, UK, DE and AU). This site keeps track of leading information facilities in the fields of Buddhism and Buddhist studies. Please register any new resources or mail tmciolek[use""@]ciolek.com if you are interested in administering any specific area within this Virtual Library (VL). Your input will be gratefully appreciated. This research tool is optimised for transmission speed, not for fancy looks. All links are inspected and evaluated before being added to the Virtual Library.

23. Buddhism It is widely believed that buddhism was introduced to China during the Han period (206 BC220 AD). After its introduction, Mahayana buddhism, http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/bud/5budhism.htm

It is widely believed that Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han period (206 BC-220 AD). After its introduction, Mahayana Buddhism, the most prominent branch of Buddhism in China, played an important role in shaping Chinese civilization. Chinese civilization, as well, exerted a profound impact on the way Buddhism was transformed in China. The influence of Buddhism grew to such an extent that vast amounts of financial and human resources were expended on the creation and establishment of impressive works of art and elaborate temples. This growing interest in Buddhism helped to inspire new ways of depicting deities, new types of architectural spaces in which to worship them, and new ritual motions and actions. In this section, we will look at Six Dynasties and Tang Chinese Buddhist images, view some early and late Buddhist temples, then take a glimpse at contemporary Buddhist practice. Think about the following questions as you view this unit: How were Buddhist images, temples, and practices adapted to Chinese circumstances? Keep in mind both chronological order and geographical variation wherever possible.

24. About Buddhism buddhism, budism, budhism, what is buddhism, whatisbuddhism, types of Bhuddhism, typesofbuddhism, history of buddhism, hystoryofbuddhism, buddhism beliefs, http://www.aboutbuddhism.org/

Skip to navigation Skip to main content About Buddhism About Buddhism Welcome to About Buddhism. Here you will find some information on Buddhism to help you gain a basic understanding of this ancient religion and philosophy. In general, Buddhism is a way of finding peace within oneself. It is a religion that helps us to find the happiness and contentment we seek. Buddhists develop inner peace, kindness and wisdom through their daily practice; and then share their experience with others bringing real benefit to this world. They try not to harm others and to live peacefully and gently, working towards the ultimate goal of pure and lasting happiness for all living beings. addthis_pub = 'kadampa'; addthis_logo = 'http://daily-meditations.com/css/img/tharpa-logo.jpg'; addthis_logo_background = 'EFEFFF'; addthis_logo_color = '666699'; addthis_options = 'favorites, email, digg, delicious, reddit, stumbleupon, facebook, more'; Email to a Friend, Bookmark or Share Home What is Buddhism History of Buddhism ... Meditations for Relaxation Available in CD or MP3 download Find a meditation center Enter town, city, country or center name

25. View On Buddhism: (Tibetan) Buddhist Practice And Philosophy Introduction to Buddhist practice and meditation, philosophy, history and traditions and especially Tibetan buddhism. http://buddhism.kalachakranet.org/

Search this Site Where to Begin? Discussion Forum The Three Jewels The Buddha The Dharma (teachings) The Sangha (community) Philosophy Three Vehicles The Four Noble Truths Karma The Mind ... Tantric Practice Problematic Emotions Introduction Anger Attachment Guilt ... Summary Symbolism In General Buddhism In Tantra 5 Dhyani Buddhas In Tibetan Buddhism ... Funny Pages... My Main Teachers The Dalai Lama Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche Lama Zopa Rinpoche Resources Teksty w jezyku polskim History of Buddhism Recommended Books A to Z Glossary ... Contact me Tibetan Buddhism Blog on Tibet Buddhism in Tibet Tibetan Calendar Tibetan Astrology ... Tibetan Symbolism A Taste of Zen Buddhism in Japan Zen FAQ-sheet Zen Poems and Haiku Zen Stories ... Zen Computer Fun Navigation Web Links Search this Site Home A View on Buddhism Don't try to use what you learn from Buddhism to be a Buddhist;

26. ThaiBuddhism The three greatest religions in the world is buddhism, Christianity and buddhism, however, is the oldest of the three. It was founded 2500 years ago by http://thaibuddhism.hypermart.net/

THAIBUDDHISM Like other Indian Princes, Siddhattha married Princess Yasohara Bimba, also a daughter of the King of a neighboring state, who had soon afterwards born him a son named Rahula. But unlike them, instead of allowing himself to be chained all his life to his wife and son, Siddythatha broke up all these worldly fetters. At the age of twenty-nine, he stole out of his palace one night, set out on a long solitary journey, and left all his possessions behind. The Indian king who did most in patronizing Buddhism and spreading it into foreign lands was King Asoka. Thanks to this great king, Buddhism came to be established in Suwannadhumi, where it was finally embraced by the Thai people, and under the benevolent rule of King Ramkhamhaeng of Sukhothai, Buddhism became the Thai state religion. Ever since the foundation of the Kingdom of Sukhothai, Thailand has been a stronghold of Buddhism, which has, no doubt, a great influence over the Thai people. Under its good influence, the Thais have become peace- loving nation, with unrivalled tolerance and hospitality to the people of different races and creeds. It is not too much to say that, in the past, this admirable characteristic of our nation helped a great deal in preserving our national independence while the neighboring countries all around us were losing theirs.

27. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Buddhism The religious, monastic system, founded c. 500 BC on the basis of pantheistic Brahminism. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03028b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... B > Buddhism Buddhism To complement this article, which was taken from the 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent recommends a prayerful reading of "Nostra Aetate" from the Second Vatican Council. The religious monastic system, founded c. 500 B.C. on the basis of pantheistic Brahminism . The speculations of the Vedanta school of religious thought, in the eighth and following centuries, B.C. , gave rise to several rival schemes of salvation . These movements started with the same morbid view that conscious life is a burden and not worth the living , and that true happiness is to be had only in a state like dreamless sleep free from all desires, free from conscious action . They took for granted the Upanishad doctrine of the endless chain of births, but they differed from pantheistic Brahminism both in their attitude towards the Vedas and in their plan for securing freedom from rebirth and from conscious existence . In their absolute rejection of Vedic rites , they stamped themselves as heresies . Of these the one destined to win greatest renown was Buddhism.

28. Fundamental Buddhism | Buddhist Teachings Explicit explanation of fundamental buddhism based on the Pali Canon, recognized by Buddhist scholars as the oldest surviving written record of what the http://www.fundamentalbuddhism.com/

Home Fundamental Buddhism Learn and grow with Buddhism Buddhism With over 350 million followers, Buddhism has long held an established place among world religions. In fact, Buddhism is the fourth largest organized religion in the world. Buddhism, otherwise known as Buddha Dharma, actually spans far beyond the constraints of a simple religion and into the entire existence, philosophy and psychology of its followers. Origination The Buddhist religion is said to have originated during the Fifth Century BCE on the subcontinent of India. Buddhism as we know it today focuses on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, and in the 2,500 years since his passing, Buddhism and its belief system has spread throughout the world. Buddhists today generally fall into three traditions: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana, and the Buddhist monk organization, Sangha is among the most ancient civilizations on earth. Belief System The fundamentals of the Buddhist belief system lie in the spiritual enlightenment of followers through spiritual cultivation, religious practices, and meditation. Once the mind has been awakened, they will be a Buddha, much like the founder of the organized religion, Gautama Buddha. Through the study of his words, the practice of a virtuous, moral life, and by purifying the mind, followers can obtain bodhi, or enlightenment, which they seek. Another, perhaps more simplified belief of Buddhists is to end the stress of existence. To do so would be to discover the truth of all things and reach a state of Nirvana. The Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path are the means by which the ignorance and suffering of existence can melt away and the individual will be shown the truth. The fundamentals of Buddhism also encourage followers to evaluate the

29. Resources For The Study Of Buddhism Site contains links to both general Buddhist resources and specialized materials on Zen, Chinese buddhism, Yogacara buddhism, and various Buddhist http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/Buddhism.htm

Resources for the Study of Buddhism Compiled by Prof. Ron Epstein I originally constructed this web site primarily for the benefit of the students in my classes at San Francisco State University, from which I am now retired. (I am currently a research professor at the Intitute for World Religions in Berkeley, California.) I am leaving the site online in the hope that people will still find it to be useful. Since the links have not been checked in some time, some may be broken. If you find that is the case, I suggest you find an earlier version of the webpage in question on the 'waybackmachine' at http://www.archive.org/index.php epstein@sfsu.edu Please send all comments, suggestions, and corrections to epstein@sfsu.edu General Buddhism Introductory Reading List Buddhist Sutras Links to Online Collections of Buddhist Texts Links to Other Selected Internet Sites ... Five Moral Precepts Buddhism for Children "Following the Buddha's Footsteps"Curriculum from Instilling Goodness School, City of Ten Thousand Buddhas Once Upon a Time: A Collection of Buddhist Stories Buddhist Studies for Primary and Secondary Students Theravada Buddhist Teachings "The Healing Power of the Precepts" by Thanissaro Bhikkhu "Laying the Foundation for Social Action" by Ajahn Pasanno "Discipline and Conventions of Theravada Buddhist Renunciate Communities" "What Is Important?" by Ajahn Pasanno

30. Buddhism A comparison of Christianity and buddhism. http://contenderministries.org/buddhism.php

Home Apologetics Apologetics False Religions ... CSS based JavaScript menu / DHTML Drop Down Menu by OpenCube Web Contender Ministries APOLOGETICS Christian Apologetics A Course in Miracles Bahai Buddhism ... Wicca Our Ads are automatically placed based on the content of the page in which they appear. We do not have the option of choosing which ads appear on the site. This can result in the appearance of Ads we do not endorse and with which we seriously disagree. We filter these ads as we find them, but this takes time. Your patience is appreciated. BIBLE PROPHECY A Beginning of Global Governance - #1 in a series Prophetic Signs that we are in the End Times The Earth Charter's Spiritual Agenda - #2 in a Series The New Age Influence at the United Nations - #3 in a Series ... Sharing Christ with Buddhists GLOSSARY caste system Social groups in India that rank in a hierarchic order and within which there is a minimum of social mobility. Pali Canon The most complete and generally regarded as the earliest collection of canonical literature in Buddhism.

31. Buddhism - Buddhist Studies - Academic Info An annotated directory of Internet resources on buddhism Buddhist Studies. http://www.academicinfo.net/buddhism.html

Academic Info Buddhist Studies - Directory of Online Buddhism Resources Home Search Index Contact ... Religion Buddhist Studies Table of Contents Digital Library Zen Buddhism Buddhist Art Buddhism in America ... Sanskrit Studies See Also Anthropology Asian Studies China Studies Foreign Language Study ... Philosophy Degree Programs Online Degrees Business Criminal Justice Culinary Arts ... Technical Colleges Test Prep Resources SAT / ACT GMAT TOEFL USMLE ... MCAT Recent Additions American Public Media - Speaking of Faith Companion website to the January 4, 2007 radio broadcast. Listen to the program online. "Forcibly exiled from his native country, Zen master and poet Thich Nhat Hanh recently visited Vietnam for the first time in nearly 40 years. In 2003, Speaking of Faith took a radio pilgrimage with the Buddhist monk at a Christian conference center in a lakeside setting of rural Wisconsin. Thich Nhat Hanh offers stark, gentle wisdom for living in a world of anger and violence. Here, he discusses the concepts of 'engaged Buddhism,' 'being peace,' and 'mindfulness.'" Home Search Index Contact ... Degree Programs Maintained by Mike Madin, a graduate of the Univ. of Washington Comparative Religion Program.

32. Basic Teachings And Philosophical Doctrines Of Buddhism, Himalayan Realms This is something foreign to the early message and attitude of buddhism. However, the idea that the world is essentially unpleasant, in all its details, http://www.friesian.com/buddhism.htm

THE BASIC TEACHINGS OF BUDDHISM Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 or 466-386 BC), also called (the Sage of the Shakya Clan), the Gautama Buddha (the "Enlightened One," from budh , "to wake up"), and the (the "Thus Come"), was born to a royal Ks.atriya family. At his birth there was a prophecy that either he would become a world conqueror, or he would "conquer" the world by renouncing it and becoming a Buddha. His father preferred the more tangible kind of conquest and tried to shield Siddhartha from all the evils of life that might tempt him into spiritual reflection. This strategy backfired; for when, about age thirty, Siddhartha finally did experience evils, by encountering a sick man, an old man, a dead man, and a wandering ascetic, he determined immediately to renounce the world and seek enlightenment like the ascetic, This violated Siddhartha's duty as a householder, since his wife had just given birth to their first child, but Vedic duties and the traditional four stages of life were no longer of interest to him. After years of fasting and other ascetic practices, during which he supposedly subsisted on as little as one grain of rice a day, Siddhartha felt that he had achieved nothing.

33. Buddhist And Buddhism Resources - The Best Of The Net CrossCurrents magazine brings you the best of Buddhist, buddhism sites and Buddhists, both online and in real time. http://www.aril.org/Buddhist.html

BUDDHISM The following Buddhists sites have been awarded the ARIL Hot Site designation as offering among the best resources on the Internet. Shin Buddhism Network Simple, but clear and informative presentation about a strain of Japanese Buddhism going back to the twelfth century. The lotus flower image at the top of our Buddhist list is from this site. Asynchronous School of Buddhist Dialectics. An ambitious effort to bring the texts and traditions of Tibetan Buddhism to the Net. From the preface to these pages: "We aremore or lessthe first virtual college of Buddhist philosophy and practice to grace the Internet. Our web site is our attempt to share our interests in Tibetan language and Tibetan Buddhist philosophy with the cyberspace community (all sentient beings throughout time and space)." Thich Nhat Hanh Exemplary use of the latest HTML features, including sound and graphics to present the work of this Buddhist monk, poet, peace activist and leader of a monastic community in the south of France. These pages illustrate the state of the art in website design. Namgyal Monastery and The Institute of Buddhist Studies These pages contain, among other things, an interesting article, "The blessings of cyberspace," which makes provocative reading for anyone curious about whether it is possible to practice faith on the Internet. This site is a major source of Buddhist materials on the Internet.)

34. What Is Theravada Buddhism? Today Theravada Buddhists number well over 100 million worldwide.2 In recent decades Theravada has begun to take root in the West. http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bullitt/theravada.html

Home Library Authors Bullitt ... Help What is Theravada Buddhism? by John Bullitt Source: Transcribed from a file provided by the author. For free distribution. This work may be republished, reformatted, reprinted, and redistributed in any medium. It is the author's wish, however, that any such republication and redistribution be made available to the public on a free and unrestricted basis and that translations and other derivative works be clearly marked as such. Tipitaka , or Pali canon, which scholars generally agree contains the earliest surviving record of the Buddha's teachings. For many centuries, Theravada has been the predominant religion of continental Southeast Asia (Thailand, Myanmar/Burma, Cambodia, and Laos) and Sri Lanka. Today Theravada Buddhists number well over 100 million worldwide. In recent decades Theravada has begun to take root in the West. Many Buddhisms, One Dhamma-vinaya The Buddha Dhamma-vinaya Dhamma for short [Sanskrit: Dharma]), and to preserve these teachings for posterity, the Buddha established the order of bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis Sangha As the Dhamma continued its spread across India after the Buddha's passing, differing interpretations of the original teachings arose, which led to schisms within the Sangha and the emergence of as many as eighteen distinct sects of Buddhism.

35. Buddhism Introduction buddhism began in northeastern India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. buddhism is divided into two major branches Theravada, http://library.thinkquest.org/28505/buddhism/intro.htm

36. Religion, Buddhism (part Of The WWW Virtual Library) The KKBN provides information about the Karma Kagyu tradition of Tibetan buddhism, supports communication among interested parties and introduces a http://www.snowcrest.net/dougbnt/buddha.html

F ACETS OF R ELIGION Virtual Library Religion General Inter-Faith Related Abuse ... Mail Maintainer Last modified: 25 Dec. 1997 Buddhism Electronic-buddhist-archives The Electronic Buddhist Archives are designed to act as a world-wide repository of computer files with documents and materials of relevance to students and researchers of Buddhism, Taoism, Sufism and other Asian religions. " Ehi-passika " ( ) This is an edited version of the Venerable Buddharakkhita's translation of The Dhammapada. [1997,November 25] Journal of Buddhist Ethics The Journal of Buddhist Ethics is the first academic journal dedicated entirely to Buddhist ethics, and is innovative in adopting a totally electronic mode of publication. In most other respects, however, it will function as a traditional scholarly journal. The Diamond Sutra The World's Earliest dated Printed Book.This scroll was found in 1907 by the archaeologist Sir Marc Aurel Stein in a walled-up cave at the `Caves of the Thousand Buddhas', near Dunhuang, in North-West China. It was one of a small number of printed items among many thousands of manuscripts, comprising a library which must have been sealed up in about AD 1000. Although not the earliest example of blockprinting, it is the earliest which bears an actual date. The colophon, at the inner end, reads: `Reverently [caused to be] made for universal free distribution by Wang jie on behalf of his two parents on the 13th of the 4th moon of the 9th year of Xiantong [i.e. 11th May AD 868]'.

37. SoYouWanna Convert To Buddhism? | SoYouWanna.com SoYouWanna convert to buddhism? What is the sound of one hand clapping? If a tree falls in the forest, but no one is around, does it make a sound? http://www.soyouwanna.com/site/syws/buddhism/buddhism.html

Web Site SYW HOME SYWs A to Z ... Questions num_ads = "5"; type = "radlinks"; channels = "120x90related"; image_size = ""; class_name = "right_radlinks"; print_google_ad(5, num_ads, type, channels, image_size, class_name); be a vegan? care for an external piercing? care for an internal piercing? cat-proof your home? ... change a body piercing? num_ads = "4"; type = "text,image,flash"; channels = "120x600"; image_size = "120x600"; class_name = "right_skyscraper"; print_google_ad(2, num_ads, type, channels, image_size, class_name); num_ads = "2"; type = "text,image,flash"; channels = "468x60"; image_size = "468x60"; class_name = "article_top_ad"; print_google_ad(3, num_ads, type, channels, image_size, class_name); SOYOUWANNA CONVERT TO BUDDHISM? 1. Know What Makes Buddhism Different From Other Religions 2. Learn The Four Noble Truths 3. Follow The Eightfold Path And The Five Precepts 4. Take Refuge In The Buddha, The Dhamma, And The Sangha ... 5. Decide How You Want To Make Buddhism Part Of Your Life Deep questions like these could be a part of your life, too as you join an estimated 500 million other Buddhists around the world in the quest for spiritual enlightenment . Neophytes on the road to wisdom and weary old travelers alike will benefit from a review of the basics, so assume the

38. Buddhism - MSN Encarta buddhism, a major world religion, founded in northeastern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha, or http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552895/buddhism.html

var s_account="msnportalencarta"; MSN home Mail My MSN Sign in ... more Hotmail Messenger My MSN MSN Directory Air Tickets/Travel Autos City Guides Election 2008 ... More Additional Reference Materials Thesaurus Translations Multimedia Other Resources Education Resources Math Help Foreign Language Help Project Planner ... Help Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Buddhism , selected by Encarta editors Related Items Buddha Mahayana Buddhism more... Encarta Search Search Encarta about Buddhism Advertisement Windows Live® Search Results Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Buddhism is a set of teachings described as a religion or way of life. One point of view says it is a body of philosophies influenced by the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known ... Buddhism Here you can find clear explanations of Buddhism's origins and history, its basic doctrines, the distinctive features of major schools, and essential background for understanding ... The religion of Buddhism The religion of Buddhism ... Religions of the world M enu Buddhism, based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama See all search results in Windows Live® Search Results Also on Encarta 7 tips for funding an online degree How to succeed in the fashion industry without being a top designer Presidential Myths Quiz Buddhism Encyclopedia Article Find Print E-mail Blog It Multimedia 12 items Article Outline Introduction Origins Early Development From India Outward ... Buddhism Today I Introduction Print this section Buddhism , a major world religion, founded in northeastern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha, or Enlightened One.

39. Buddhism — Infoplease.com buddhism was founded in the fourth or fifth century B.C. in northern India by a man known traditionally as Siddhartha (meaning “he who has reached the http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001470.html

Site Map FAQ in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Spelling Checker Daily Almanac for May 28, 2008 Search White Pages Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Asian Pacific American Heritage Month Father's Day 2008 Summer Olympics Friday the 13th ... 2008 Calendar Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Society and Culture Religion Major Religions of the World Buddhism Buddhism was founded in the fourth or fifth century B.C. B.C. Gautama promoted the concept of anatman (that a person has no actual self) and the idea that existence is characterized by impermanence. This realization helps one let go of desire for transient things. Still, Gautama did not recommend extreme self-denial but rather a disciplined life called the Middle Way. Like the Hindus, he believed that existence consisted of reincarnation, a cycle of birth and death. He held that it could be broken only by reaching complete detachment from worldly cares. Then the soul could be released into nirvana dharma (sacred truth) and was recognized as the Buddha (enlightened one). After his death his followers continued to develop doctrine and practice, which came to center on the Three Jewels: the

40. Definition Of Buddhism A no holds barred attack on buddhism by Our Lady s Warriors, an informal group of Catholic Laity who defend the fullness of Truth in the Catholic Faith by http://www.ourladyswarriors.org/dissent/defbuddh.htm

Definition of Buddhism The religious, monastic system, founded c. 500 B.C. on the basis of pantheistic Brahminism. The speculations of the Vedanta school of religious thought, in the eighth and following centuries, B.C., gave rise to several rival schemes of salvation. These movements started with the same morbid view that conscious life is a burden and not worth the living, and that true happiness is to be had only in a state like dreamless sleep free from all desires, free from conscious action. They took for granted the Upanishad doctrine of the endless chain of births, but they differed from pantheistic Brahminism both in their attitude towards the Vedas and in their plan for securing freedom from rebirth and from conscious existence. In their absolute rejection of Vedic rites, they stamped themselves as heresies. Of these the one destined to win greatest renown was Buddhism. I. THE FOUNDER Of Buddha, the founder of this great movement, legendary tradition has much to say, but very little of historical worth is known. His father seems to have been a petty raja , ruling over a small community on the southern border of the district now known as Nepal. Buddha's family name was Gotama (Sanskrit

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