1. Guyana. A Destiny To Mould @ Cosbert.com Issues relevant to Guyana and the politics of the Peoples National Congress (PNC) socialist party, plus articles on Guyana s history. http://www.cosbert.com/guyana/guyana_history.html

Beauty and Fashion Domains for sale Featured auctions Financial Markets ... COSBERT GUYANA A Destiny to Mould The history of Guyana has been written in the main from a romantic European perspective. Nevertheless, the fact remains that the spirit of Guyana is a black-African one. The African slave (Afro-Guyanese) was the only race capable of working the harse plantation lands and breaking and laying the bricks for the Guyana sea-walls from the late 16th and early 17th century and despite European exploitation still survive this ebony voyage. Solid as a Rock. Ebony Voyage Black Mamba. Hiding deep in the heart of Africa. You’ve poisoned our seed. Stigmatised our creed. With your venomous stain / You’ve left us in pain. Torture and cruelty / Written on the brain. On many a long Caribbean trip / We endured your cruel whip. With every stroke / You watched us bleed. A resolute breed / This Afreecan creed. Shackled with cold steel / We spun the wheel. As you swung your hip / And released the whip. We bit our lip / Swallowed our spit / And muscled the ship. Backs of rock and hands of stone. You tried hard to break bone. Black slaves – muscles rippling live ocean waves. This is Ebony creed. No sapling weed.

2. History Of Guyana HISTORY. Before the arrival of Europeans, the region was inhabited by both Carib and Arawak tribes, who named it Guiana, which means land of waters. http://www.muchofun.com/history/guyana_history.html

Guyana HISTORY Before the arrival of Europeans, the region was inhabited by both Carib and Arawak tribes, who named it Guiana, which means land of waters. The Dutch settled in Guyana in the late 16th century, but their control ended when the British became the de facto rulers in 1796. In 1815, the colonies of Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice were officially ceded to Great Britain at the Congress of Vienna and, in 1831, were consolidated as British Guiana. Following the abolition of slavery in 1834, thousands of indentured laborers were brought to Guyana to replace the slaves on the sugar cane plantations, primarily from India but also from Portugal and China. The British stopped the practice in 1917. Many of the Afro-Guyanese former slaves moved to the towns and became the majority urban population, whereas the Indo-Guyanese remained predominantly rural. A scheme in 1862 to bring black workers from the United States was unsuccessful. The small Amerindian population lives in the country's interior. The people drawn from these diverse origins have coexisted peacefully for the most part. Slave revolts, such as the one in 1763 led by Guyana's national hero, Cuffy, demonstrated the desire for basic rights but also a willingness to compromise. Politically inspired racial disturbances between East Indians and blacks erupted in 1962-64. However, the basically conservative and cooperative nature of Guyanese society contributed to a cooling of racial tensions.

3. Guyana History - Blackwell Online Guyana History, W. McGowan, History Books Blackwell Online Bookshop. http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/Guyana_History/9780333953112

Home Advanced search Sign in by Title Author Keyword ISBN My categories None defined Popular categories Show all categories Business Books Children's Books Computer Books ... Specialist sites Email Signup Sign up to our free email newsletter to receive exclusive offers Receiving emails from Blackwell Online Home Books History ... W. McGowan ISBN: 0333953118 Paperback Macmillan Education Usually despatched within 3 to 9 days Not currently stocked in Blackwell stores. Ask your local store to obtain this book for you. Rate this item Write a review Tell a friend Printer-friendly page Please note that there may be some price differences between Blackwell Online and our Retail Shops Item Details Reviews ISBN Format Paperback What's this? Publication date 30 Jun 2002 Publisher Macmillan Education Published in Oxford Imprint Macmillan Caribbean Academic level General Be the first to write a Customer review Other related titles Sin Patron Lavaca Collective Phillips, Charles Modern Latin America Skidmore, Thomas E. Smith, Peter H. Contact us Affiliates Publisher Centre Blackwell History ... Help

4. Hardships Faced By The Indians Hardships Faced by the Indians. The planters, after finding that they could no longer punish the Indian immigrants by flogging, used their political clout http://www.beerbhajan.com/GUYANA_HISTORY/hardships_faced_by_the_indians.htm

Hardships Faced by the Indians The planters, after finding that they could no longer punish the Indian immigrants by flogging, used their political clout to pass in the Court of Policy the Immigration Ordinance in 1864. This Ordinance declared that employers must provide suitable houses, hospital accommodation and medical attention for the Indians. It also stipulated that wages were to be same as those paid to Africans who worked on the plantations. But the Ordinance also spelled out the obligations of the Indian labourers and punishments for breaking the laws. If an indentured Indian refused to attend daily roll call, or to do work given to him, he was placed before a magistrate and faced a fine of $24 or up to two months in prison. He would also forfeit his wages if he was drunk on the job or used insulting language to his supervisors. If he was absent for seven consecutive days, or found more than two miles from his workplace on a work day, he was also charged for deserting and faced a punishment of up to two months in prison. The law also specified that an indentured labourer must obtain permission from the manager if he wanted to visit any area away from the plantation on which he indentured. While the Indian indentured labourers were forced to carry out their obligations, they rarely obtained the benefits stated in the Ordinance. Their housing conditions were extremely poor and they continued to live in barrack ranges referred to as "logies" by the Indians which afforded almost no privacy to families. Medical attention was rudimentary and was not always provided.

5. RootsWeb: CARIBBEAN-L Re: Island Of Demorara http//www.worldrover.com/history/guyana_history.html ; And another very good site I found just the other day http//www.geocities.com/bcahoon.geo/Guyana. http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/CARIBBEAN/2001-04/0986261798

writeHeader('760px','Mailing Lists'); OAS_AD('Top'); CARIBBEAN-L Archives Archiver CARIBBEAN From: Subject: Re: Island of Demorara Date: 03 Apr 2001 01:36:38 GMT References: Dear Jennifer: Guiana was also, as my memory tells Thanks for your support :0) I also found this website that talks about Guiana. And another very good site I found just the other day: http://www.geocities.com/bcahoon.geo/Guyana.htm I remembered vaguely my auntie telling me about Scottish ancestors coming from "Guyana", as my researched has shown me somewhat around the 1800s. Regards Ronnie:0) This thread: Island of Demorara by "E. B. Herron" < Re: Island of Demorara by Re: Island of Demorara Re: Island of Demorara by Re: Island of Demorara by (Fragano Ledgister) Re: Island of Demorara Re : Island of Demorara by (RossignolP) Re: Island of Demorara by "Maurice & Valerie Facey" < Re: Island of Demorara by Re: Island of Demorara by "Judy Noel" < Re: Island of Demorara by Guyana Portuguese by (Richard Bond) Re: Guyana Portuguese by "Douglas Fraites" <

6. Jouvert 6.3: Kevin Cryderman, "Ghosts In The Palimpsest Of Cultural Memory" http//www.worldrover.com/history/guyana_history.html . (original source listed as source U.S. State Department Background Notes 1998). Geocities. http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/jouvert/v613/cryder.htm

Ghosts in the Palimpsest of Cultural Memory: An Archeology of Faizal Deen's Poetic Memoir Land Without Chocolate (a.k.a. "the art of writing about authors before they are famous") by Kevin Cryderman University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada The concept of cultural memory comprises that body of reusable texts, images, and rituals specific to each society in each epoch, whose 'cultivation' serves to stabilize and convey that society's self-image. Upon such collective knowledge, for the most part (but not exclusively) of the past, each group bases its awareness of unity and particularity. . . . Through its cultural heritage a society becomes visible to itself and to others. Which past becomes evident in that heritage and which values emerge in its identificatory appropriation tells us much about the constitution and tendencies of a society. -Jan Assman in "Collective Memory and Cultural Identity" Upon reading Guyanese-Canadian author Faizal Deen's poetic memoir Land Without Chocolate palimpsest and its relation to Deen's poetic memoir as it relates to various aspects of postcolonial L/literature and T/theory, such as language, pedagogy, history, memory, mapping, naming, sexuality, and the body.

7. Guyana History - Discount Airfare, Hotels, Car Rentals m vacation advice, holiday guide, international travel, business trip, flights and hotels. http://www.caribbeanlime.com/guyana_history.htm

Guyana Guide Guyana General Information Guyana History Guyana Culture ... Guyana Getting Around Guyana Links GT Lime Guyana Zoo Telephone Co. ... Return to Previous Page Guyana / History The first humans to reach Guyana belonged to the group of people that crossed into North America from Asia. These first inhabitants were nomads who slowly spread south into Central America and South America. Although great civilizations later arose in the Americas, the structure of Amerindian society in the Guianas remained relatively simple. At the time of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Guyana's inhabitants were divided into two groups, the Arawak along the coast and the Carib in the interior. One of the legacies of the indigenous peoples was the word Guiana, often used to describe the region encompassing modern Guyana ( The name Guyana is an Amerindian word meaning Land Of Many Waters ) as well as Suriname (former Dutch Guiana) and French Guiana. The word, which means ""land of waters,"" is highly appropriate, considering the area's multitude of rivers and streams. Guyana is a tropical country situated on the northern coast of South America. It is the only country in South America where English is the official language. It is bordered by Venezuela on the west, Suriname on the east, Brazil on the south and the Atlantic Ocean on the north. Guyana has an area of 214,969 sq km (83,000 sq mi), about the size of Great Britain. Guyana is also known as the country of Six People- Africans

8. Kilima.com: Guyana: Guyana History Guyana History Guyana - Kilima.com is an international online store featuring Art, Film, History, Literature, Music and Travel http://www.kilima.com/guy-9-Guyana_History.html

Kilima.com - an international online store featuring Art, Film, History, Literature, Music and Travel... choose Country... Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Anguilla Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canada residents Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Colombia Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europe Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France résidents français French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar (Burma) Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Lucia Samoa San Marino Saudi Arabia Senegal

9. The History Of Guyana View information on the history of Guyana and other world countries. http://www.factrover.com/history/Guyana_history.html

Home All Countries World Newspapers US Newspapers The History of Guyana Below is a brief history of Guyana. To find information other than history for Guyana then visit the Guyana Country Page Guyana Government Guyana People Guyana Geography ... Guyana Economy Guyana History The people drawn from these diverse origins have coexisted peacefully for the most part. Slave revolts, such as the one in 1763 led by Guyana's national hero, Cuffy, demonstrated the desire for basic rights but also a willingness to compromise. Politically inspired racial disturbances between Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese erupted in 1962-64, and again following elections in 1997 and 2001. The basically conservative and cooperative nature of Guyanese society has usually contributed to a cooling of racial tensions. Racial tensions, however, do constitute Guyana’s greatest ongoing social stress point. Guyanese politics, nevertheless, occasionally has been turbulent. The first modern political party in Guyana was the People's Progressive Party (PPP), established on January 1, 1950, with Forbes Burnham, a British-educated Afro-Guyanese, as chairman; Dr. Cheddi Jagan, a U.S.-educated Indo-Guyanese, as second vice chairman; and his American-born wife, Janet Jagan, as secretary general. The PPP won 18 out of 24 seats in the first popular elections permitted by the colonial government in 1953, and Dr. Jagan became leader of the house and minister of agriculture in the colonial government. Five months later, on October 9, 1953, the British suspended the constitution and landed troops because, they said, the Jagans and the PPP were planning to make Guyana a communist state. These events led to a split in the PPP, in which Burnham broke away and founded what eventually became the People's National Congress (PNC).

10. Guyana OverheidGovernmentGobie ToerismeTourismTurismo AchtergrondinformatieBac C Translate this page http//www.worldrover.com/history/guyana_history.html. Guyana Office for In. TypeCaribisch-gebied; Commercieël / Int. Websitecode LG907416 http://guyana.leukgevonden.nl/guyana-pagina4.html

Guyana Link wijzigen Uitleg Populairste links Kaieteurnews Current time in Georgetown Pictures of Places Infohub ... EIN news Relevante pagina's Curacao Saba Cuba Bahamas ... Alles uit Caribisch-gebied Relevante categorieen Caribisch gebied Nicaragua Laatst toegevoegde links OptimisedPages Wikipedia History (wikipedia) Wikipedia (Nederlands) ... Amazone Gebied laatste aanmeldingen Aklassetrouwen Presence werving en selectie Inserta Interieurbouwers B.V. Welkom bij Straatgereedschap.nl ... Aagjeontwerp kaarten Linkpartners nog geen linkpartners aanwezig Linkpartner worden? Pagina laatst bijgewerkt op.. Mei 2008 Aantal links: 257 links Top 25 leukgevonden.nl Www Massagesalons Knutselen Kleurplaten ... Kerst Zoeken met Google Weergave: • Standaard O Populair Pagina: Uw link hier op de eerste positie? Terry Gajraj Type:Caribisch-gebied Commercieël / Int. Websitecode: LG497611 Terry Gajraj Terry Gajraj Online... http://www.terrygajraj.com/ Electionworld Type:Caribisch-gebied Organisatie Websitecode: LG876793 Electionworld Elections in Guyana... http://www.electionworld.org/guyana.htm WorldSwitch Type:Caribisch-gebied Commercieël / Int.

11. History Of Guyana Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free; Travel, Cheap Tickets; Auction, Newsletter; Immigration, Affiliate; Make Money http://www.worldrover.com/history/guyana_history.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Guyana HISTORY Before the arrival of Europeans, the region was inhabited by both Carib and Arawak tribes, who named it Guiana, which means land of waters. The Dutch settled in Guyana in the late 16th century, but their control ended when the British became the de facto rulers in 1796. In 1815, the colonies of Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice were officially ceded to Great Britain at the Congress of Vienna and, in 1831, were consolidated as British Guiana. Following the abolition of slavery in 1834, thousands of indentured laborers were brought to Guyana to replace the slaves on the sugar cane plantations, primarily from India but also from Portugal and China. The British stopped the practice in 1917. Many of the Afro-Guyanese former slaves moved to the towns and became the majority urban population, whereas the Indo-Guyanese remained predominantly rural. A scheme in 1862 to bring black workers from the United States was unsuccessful. The small Amerindian population lives in the country's interior. The people drawn from these diverse origins have coexisted peacefully for the most part. Slave revolts, such as the one in 1763 led by Guyana's national hero, Cuffy, demonstrated the desire for basic rights but also a willingness to compromise. Politically inspired racial disturbances between East Indians and blacks erupted in 1962-64. However, the basically conservative and cooperative nature of Guyanese society contributed to a cooling of racial tensions.

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