1. Superconductors Superconductor Information for the Beginner. A nicely written site, with much basic information. Great for students and educated laymen. http://superconductors.org/

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. What is a Superconductor ? The History of Superconductors Uses for Superconductors Type 1 Superconductors ... Visitor Stats and Kudos "A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here!" - Arizona State University One of "the top Internet education sites..." - Innovative Teaching "The best information online about superconductivity." - Energy Science News "Superlative...invaluable...endlessly informative." - Netsurfer Science "The greatest Superconductor site on earth." - Michigan State University Over 1,282,595 Super people have found this Index page since July 2, 1999. SUPERCONDUCTORS.ORG is a non-profit, non-affiliated website intended to introduce beginners and non-technical people to the world of superconductors.

2. Superconductivity - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia For most superconductors, the London penetration depth is on the order of 100 nm. The Meissner effect is distinct from this because a superconductor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity

Superconductivity From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article is missing citations or needs footnotes Using inline citations (February 2008) A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor , cooled with liquid nitrogen . Persistent electric current flows on the surface of the superconductor, acting to exclude the magnetic field of the magnet (the Meissner effect ). This current effectively forms an electromagnet that repels the magnet. Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at extremely low temperatures , characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as the temperature is lowered. However, in ordinary conductors such as copper and silver , impurities and other defects impose a lower limit. Even near absolute zero a real sample of copper shows a non-zero resistance. The resistance of a superconductor, on the other hand, drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its "critical temperature". An electric current flowing in a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source. Like

3. Superconductivity Concepts Basics and very advanced theory of super conductors. . http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/supcon.html

Characteristic lengths in superconductors Index Superconductors by Joe Eck HyperPhysics Condensed Matter R Nave Go Back

4. CAN SUPERCONDUCTORS – High Temperature Superconductors For Practical Applic High temperature superconductors for practical applications. Home About and Contacts Current Leads Magnetic Shields Can superconductors 2007. http://www.can.cz/

Home About us Contact Current Leads ... Demonstration Kits CAN SUPERCONDUCTORS – High temperature superconductors for practical applications Current Leads Targets Tubes for Current Limiters Bi-2223 tubes with silver covered ends of a low contact resistance – suitable for current leads reducing heat leak into superconducting magnets. Y-123 sputtering targets for thin films deposition. BiPbSrCaCuO tubes and rings for inductive fault current limiters. Levitation Disks Magnetic Shields Demonstration Kits Single domain YBaCuO crystals with ability to trap magnetic field show strong levitation force. BiPbSrCaCuO (Bi-2223 phase) tubes and vessels provide perfect shielding of AC/DC magnetic field. Easy and simple demonstration of superconductivity – Meissner effect, flywheel, levitation and suspension. About the website Print page © 2008 CAN SUPERCONDUCTORS, s.r.o. created by Omega Design

5. Error Page superconductors have many uses the most obvious being as very efficient conductors; if the national grid were made of superconductors rather than http://www.chemsoc.org/ExemplarChem/entries/igrant/uses_noflash.html

Online Shop Contact us Advanced search Other RSC site areas... About Us RSC Publishing Members Education Policy Library Chemsoc Conferences News Chemistry World Page not found Unfortunately the following page was not available: http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/ExemplarChem/entries/igrant/uses_noflash.html This might be because: You may have typed the web address incorrectly. Please check the address and spelling ensuring that it does not contain spaces. It is possible that the page you were looking for may have been moved, updated or deleted. Please try site search below: RSC Home The home page of the Royal Society of Chemistry website. RSC Journals Homepage Free Access to RSC Journals from 1997-2005. For all other articles members pay-per-view £5.00 per article instead of £24.00. RSC Databases Home The Databases home page of the RSC website. Changes to RSC Urls Information about how standard RSC links have changed Privacy Accessibility Sitemap Help

6. FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS It is far beyond the scope of this video booklet to attempt to discuss the quantum mechanics of superconductors. However, in this section fundamental terms http://www.ornl.gov/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt3.html

FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS The theoretical understanding of superconductivity is extremely complicated and involved. It is far beyond the scope of this video booklet to attempt to discuss the quantum mechanics of superconductors. However, in this section fundamental terms and phenomena of superconductors will be discussed. Superconductors have the ability to conduct electricity without the loss of energy. When current flows in an ordinary conductor, for example copper wire, some energy is lost. In a light bulb or electric heater, the electrical resistance creates light and heat. In metals such as copper and aluminum, electricity is conducted as outer energy level electrons migrate as individuals from one atom to another. These atoms form a vibrating lattice within the metal conductor; the warmer the metal the more it vibrates. As the electrons begin moving through the maze, they collide with tiny impurities or imperfections in the lattice. When the electrons bump into these obstacles they fly off in all directions and lose energy in the form of heat. Figure (3) is a drawing that shows atoms arranged in a crystalline lattice and moving electrons bouncing off the atoms that are in their way.

7. Making High-Temperature Superconductors Making Ceramic superconductors in a High School Science Lab. http://www.webcom.com/cfsc/scpart1.html

8. PhysicsCentral Super Conductors These elements require cooling by liquid helium to become superconductors. Such materials are called lowtemperature superconductors. http://www.physicscentral.com/action/2001/supcon.html

9. Molecular Expressions Photo Gallery: The Superconductor Collection Illustrates how superconductors appear under a microscope. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/superconductor/super.html

The Superconductor Collection Ceramic Superconductor Single Crystal Superconductors Superconductivity is a phenomenon characterized by the disappearance of electrical resistance in various metals, alloys, and compounds when they are cooled below a certain level, usually termed the critical temperature (Tc). The phenomenon was first observed in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who noted that the resistance of a frozen mercury rod abruptly dropped to zero when cooled to the boiling point of helium (4.2 Kelvin). Onnes is also credited with realizing that a material in a superconducting state can be returned to its standard, nonsuperconducting condition through exposure to a strong magnetic field of a certain critical value or by passing a large current through it. For his significant findings, Onnes was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physics. Yet, another 20 years would pass before any other major discoveries regarding superconductors would be unearthed, scientists believing for many years that other than their intriguing lack of resistance, superconductors acted as other materials. In 1933, however, Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discovered that superconducting materials displayed an unusually high level of diamagnetism (the ability to repel magnetic fields completely). Now known as the

10. Columbus Superconductors MgB2 Wires - Home Columbus superconductors SpA, a joint stock Company, is a world leader in the technology of a new superconducting material, Magnesium Diboride, or MgB 2, http://www.columbussuperconductors.com/

Home Links Contact us About us ... Press releases COLUMBUS SUPERCONDUCTORS SpA Columbus Superconductors SpA, a joint stock Company, is a world leader in the technology of a new superconducting material, Magnesium Diboride, or MgB , and its transformation into long, reliable, and versatile superconducting wires. Superconducting wires are nowadays used in a number of industrial applications, with many more to come in the near future, thanks to the ongoing development of more performing materials, amongst which MgB represents a very promising option. MgB is the most recent solution for superconducting industries looking for innovation in their products. MgB has the advantage of a high superconducting temperature (40K), and excellent superconducting properties, without compromising its affordability and robustness, even when made into wires. Columbus Superconductors Spa is based in Genova, Italy. The company was originally created in early 2003 thanks to the cooperation between a public research institute (INFM, now CNR), a private company (ASG Superconductors Spa of the Malacalza Group) and 6 researchers: all of them were initially the main shareholders. has been finally initiated. Furthermore, in mid 2007, the new production plant has become operational. So far, about 200 Km of MgB

11. Nanotechnology Leads To Discovery Of Super Superconductors Sep 9, 2004 University of California scientists working at Los Alamos National Laboratory with a researcher from the University of Cambridge have http://www.lanl.gov/news/releases/archive/04-075.shtml

News Releases News Releases by Subject by Organization ... Contacts Nanotechnology leads to discovery of super superconductors Contact: Todd Hanson, tahanson@lanl.gov Recent News Los Alamos scientist named Asian American Engineer of the Year Los Alamos scientist featured in NASA science update Los Alamos muon detector could thwart nuclear smugglers Wojciech H. Zurek named Phi Beta Kappa visiting scholar Four Los Alamos physicists honored by American Physical Society Los Alamos National Laboratory organizations earn seven out of 13 NNSA Pollution Prevention awards Carter Hydrick returns to the Bradbury Science Museum Feb. 15 Laboratory supports summer science program New NASA IBEX mission to carry Los Alamos instrument Beason takes top threat reduction post at Los Alamos LOS ALAMOS, N.M., Sept. 9, 2004 University of California scientists working at Los Alamos National Laboratory with a researcher from the University of Cambridge have demonstrated a simple and industrially scaleable method for improving the current densities of superconducting coated conductors in magnetic field environments. The discovery has the potential to increase the already impressive carrying capacity of superconducting wires and tapes by as much as 200 to 500 percent in certain uses, like motors and generators, where high magnetic fields diminish current densities. In research reported in the journal Nature Materials , University of Cambridge scientist Judith Macmanus-Driscoll and her Los Alamos colleagues discovered that when the compound barium zirconate is deposited simultaneously with the yttrium-barium-copper-oxide superconductor it naturally forms nanoscale particles embedded in superconductor films. The result was a two to five fold increase in the current densities of coated conductors in high magnetic fields operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures.

12. Room-temperature Superconductors A Step Closer With Silane Now, new research on a class of chemicals has yielded some interesting results that may point superconductor research in a different direction http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080319-room-temperature-superconductors-a

Home Business Apple Gaming ... RSS From the Newsdesk Room-temperature superconductors a step closer with silane By Chris Lee Related Stories Superconductor breakthroughs abound: some like it hot High temperature superconductors, 20 years on hydrogen-based compounds This is exactly why researchers at Max Planck Institute for Chemistry have been putting the squeeze on silane. Silane is a silicon atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms, making it one of two perfect candidates for hydrogen-based metals (the other is methane). They found that silane became metallic at around 50GPa, which is still a pretty substantial pressure. On cooling, the metallic silane begins to superconduct. However, the temperature at which superconductivity occurs exhibits some interesting behavior. It hangs around 5-10K for most of the pressure range (50-200GPa), but in a small range between 100-125GPa, it increases quite sharply. Although the researchers only have five data points in the range and never observed a critical temperature higher than 20K, the shape of the curve indicates that, for some small range of pressures, a very high critical temperature might be achieved. Science , 2008, DOI: 10.1126/science.1153282

13. Superconductors - Georg Bednorz And Karl Alex In 1986 Müller and Bednorz discovered the first high-temperature superconductor - breathing new life into a dying branch of physics and posing a daunting http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/superconductors.htm

zGCID=" test0" zGCID+=" test4" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 You are here: About Inventors Famous Inventors Inventor Biography Sites ... M Start Inventors Superconductors - Georg Bednorz and Karl Alex Inventors Inventors Essentials Turn Ideas Into Money ... Help click for more images K. Alex Mueller - Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 for his discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in a new class of materials. Photos Courtesy of IBM Email to a friend Submit to Digg Inventors And Superconductors Heike Kammerlingh Onnes History of Superconductivity - Heike Kammerlingh Onnes J. Georg Bednorz Inventors And Superconductors The 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics About Superconductivity Superconductors The History of Superconductors Future of Superconductors Most Popular Famous Inventions A to Z Thomas Edison - The Inventions of Thomas Edison The History of Computers - Computer History Timeline History of the Telephone ... Automobile History History of Superconductors From Mary Bellis Your Guide to Inventors FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!

14. Materials By Design: Superconductors A superconductor can conduct electricity without electrical resistance at temperatures above absolute zero. The change from normal electrical conductivity http://www.mse.cornell.edu/engri111/superco.htm

Superconductors A superconductor can conduct electricity without electrical resistance at temperatures above absolute zero. The change from normal electrical conductivity to superconductivity occurs abruptly at a critical temperature T c A superconductor is also able to exclude the surrounding magnetic field. This is known as the Meissner Effect. When a small, strong magnet approaches a superconductor, it induces a current in the superconductor. Because the current flows inside the superconductor without electrical resistance, the current induces its own magnetic field which can repel the magnet, producing a force to counteract gravity in order to levitate the magnet above the surface of the superconductor. Superconductors are used in medical instruments such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems. Video clip: Microsoft Video for Windows AVI (142 kB), Apple QuickTime (138 kB) Critical Values for Superconductors Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ceramics and Glasses Composites ... Materials by Design is produced by Cornell University's Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University

15. Www.as-g.it Manufacturer of conventional and superconductive magnets for research in high energy physics and thermonuclear fusion. http://www.as-g.it/

16. European Advanced Superconductors -- EAS EAS is a world leader in development and production of low and high temperature superconductors based on nearly 40 years of experience. http://www.advancedsupercon.com/

News: New Record Value of Critical Current Customer Value Leadership Award ... Starts U.S. Operations EAS is a world leader in development and production of low and high temperature superconductors based on nearly 40 years of experience. The company with approximately 110 employees continues its operation at the existing location in Hanau, Germany. We are committed to carry on our business with all our customers and suppliers worldwide. The majority of our supplies is delivered to manufacturers of MRI medical magnets and of analytical magnetic resonance instrumentation for NMR and EPR, mainly used in life science applications. The participation in international projects for the physics community, like the Large Hadron Collider or the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Program, improves our technical expertise even further. High temperature superconductors for the emerging markets and applications in electrical energy technology such as motors/ generators, power

17. Ceramics WebBook: WebHTS Query American Chemical Society CA Selects Oxide superconductors DISCLAIMERS A substantial effort has been made to select data for this database on the basis http://www.ceramics.nist.gov/srd/hts/htsquery.htm

Author's Last Name Publication Volume [%% means Any. See User's Manual for details.] Publication Source Acta Physica Polonica A Advanced Energy Systems Advances in Cryogenic Engineering (Materials) AMSAHTS 90: Adv. in Matls. Sci. and Appl. of HTS Annalen der Physik Applied Physics Letters Applied Superconductivity Ceramic Transactions Cryogenics Europhysics Letters HTS Materials, Bulk Processing and Bulk Applications IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Inorganic Chemistry Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Journal of Alloys and Compounds Journal of Applied Physics Journal of Materials Chemistry Journal of Materials Research Journal of Materials Science Journal of Materials Science Letters Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter Journal of Solid State Chemistry Journal of the American Ceramic Society Journal of the Physical Society of Japan Materials Chemistry and Physics Materials Letters Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Materials Science and Engineering Modern Physics Letters B Nature Physica B Physica C Physica Scripta Physical Review B Physical Review Letters Powder Diffraction Progress in High Temperature Superconductivity Science Solid State Communications Soviet Journal of Low Temperature Physics STA Project Data Superconductor Science and Technology Publication Year Chemical Family Ba(K)-Bi-O Ba(K,Cs)-Bi-O

18. Home Room Temperature superconductors, Inc. Has developed what are believed to be the world’s first, commercial, ambienttemperature superconducting polymer http://www.ultraconductors.com/

Room Temperature Superconductors, Inc Ultraconductors RTS has three issued U.S. Patents. The very large pending application is in the process of division. It will become ten additional patent applications. To read more about this exciting technology Click here The information on this website, and the documents made available on it, do not constitute an offer to sell, nor a solicitation of an offer to buy, securities, nor are they an offer to sell to or buy from, any person in any state or other jurisdiction. This information includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The development and potential success, as well as the outcome of the Company's product development plans could differ materially from that presented here, depending on factors both within and outside the control of the Company Home About Us Products Documents ... Contact Info

19. New Family Of Superconductors Discovered Scientists have identified a new family of superconductors research that could eventually lead to the design of better superconducting materials for a http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/255565598/080318223250.htm

Science News Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark New Family Of Superconductors Discovered ScienceDaily (Mar. 21, 2008) See also: Alternative Fuels Thermodynamics Fuel Cells Distributed Computing ... Friction In an article published in the journal Science, the team has produced the first experimental proof that superconductivity can occur in hydrogen compounds known as molecular hydrides. Superconductors conduct electricity without creating friction or heat loss. An electric current can therefore flow in a loop of superconducting wire indefinitely with no power source. Examples of existing superconducting materials include magnets used in MRI machines and the magnets that enable high-speed trains to float above the track without friction or energy loss as heat. Team member Mikhail Eremets of the Max Plank Institute in Germany did the laboratory work in detecting superconductivity in the hydrogen compound silane, while Tse and his graduate student Yansun Yao provided the theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism involved and identified the key chemical structures. Most commercial superconducting materials have to operate at very low temperatures which requires expensive super-cooling equipment.

20. Physics News Update Magnesiumdiboride superconductors can tolerate twice the usual amount of MgB2 superconductors, which made their debut three years ago (see Update 530), http://www.aip.org/pnu/2004/split/683-2.html

SEARCH AIP Article Tools Enlarge text Shrink text Print E-mail Subscribe E-mail alert RSS feed Save and Share Digg this Del.icio.us Furl PNU Archives ... FYI: Science Policy News Bulletin Number 683 April 29, 2004 by Phil Schewe and Ben Stein Magnesium-Diboride Superconductors Magnesium-diboride superconductors can tolerate twice the usual amount of magnetic field if you spike them with some carbon atoms. The main reason superconducting wires are used as the windings in magnets is not because they save energy, but because they can generate large magnetic fields by carrying large current densities without the resistive heating associated with ordinary copper wire, giving you a much more intense field for the same amount of volume employed in your MRI machine. MgB superconductors, which made their debut three years ago (see Update 530 ), become superconducting at around 40 K, in a colder regime than for the ceramic superconductors (which can be bathed in liquid nitrogen), but much warmer than traditional metal superconductors (such as niobium-tin) which must be cooled in liquid helium. Some consider that the MgB materials (which can be chilled with refrigerators without the use of expensive liquid helium) might be advantageous in some applications where Nb Sn is presently used. For this to happen, the MgB

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