61. Saturday Science Subject: Room-temperature Superconductors - The Tech Report From quantum computers to magnets in the Large Hadron Collider, superconductors have many uses, but they typically need to be cooled at temperatures near http://techreport.com/discussions.x/14400

Saturday science subject: Room-temperature superconductors by Cyril Kowaliski From quantum computers to magnets in the Large Hadron Collider , superconductors have many uses, but they typically need to be cooled at temperatures near absolute zero to achieve their superconductive state. However, according to EE Times, a team of Canadian and German researchers say they've managed to develop a superconductive material that could operate at room temperature . Rather than supercooling the material, the researchers were able to "super-compress" it. EE Times explains: The new family of superconductors are based on a hydrogen compound called "silane," which is the silicon analog of methanecombining a single silicon atom with four hydrogen atoms to form a molecular hydride. (Methane is a single carbon atom with four hydrogens). Researchers have speculated for years that hydrogen under enough pressure would superconduct at room temperature, but have been unable to achieve the necessary conditions (hydrogen is the most difficult element to compress). The Canadian and German researchers attributed their success to adding hydrogen to a compound with silicon that reduced the amount of compression needed to achieve superconductivity. Tags: Miscellaneous Latest news stories VIA announces its Nano processor Abit strongly denies rumors of motherboard market pullout Dell displays Eee-like low-cost laptop BFG Tech unveils liquid-cooled GeForce 9800 GTX Top discussion topics Valve laughs off PC gaming doomsday predictions Poll: Do you play games on your PC?

62. Scientists Crack Room Temperature Superconductors - Vnunet.com superconductors pass electrical current with no loss to resistance and are currently possible in materials that have been cooled to below 150 centigrade. http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2212538/scientists-crack-room

63. Are High-temperature Superconductors Exotic? : Abstract : Nature Physics From the start, these materials have been viewed as exotic superconductors, for which the term exotic can take on many meanings. http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n3/abs/nphys248.html

Jump to main content Jump to navigation nature.com homepage ... Login Search This journal All of nature.com Advanced search Journal home Archive Review Abstract Review abstract Nature Physics doi Subject Category: Condensed-matter physics Are high-temperature superconductors exotic? D. A. Bonn Abstract High-temperature superconductivity in the copper oxides, first discovered twenty years ago, has led researchers on a wide-ranging quest to understand and use this new state of matter. From the start, these materials have been viewed as 'exotic' superconductors, for which the term exotic can take on many meanings. The breadth of work that has taken place reflects the fact that they have turned out to be exotic in almost every way imaginable. They exhibit new states of matter ( d -wave superconductivity, charge stripes), dramatic manifestations of fluctuating superconductivity, plus a key inspiration and testing ground for new experimental and theoretical techniques. Top of page Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada Correspondence to: D. A. Bonn e-mail:

64. Howstuffworks "What Is Superconductivity?" The floating magnet induces a current, and therefore a magnetic field, in the superconductor, and the two magnetic fields repel to levitate the magnet. http://www.howstuffworks.com/question610.htm

HowStuffWorks.com RSS Make HowStuffWorks your homepage Get Newsletter Search HowStuffWorks and the web: Science Physical Science Energy Production The greatest need modern civilizations have is energy. Learn about oil, electricity and newer forms of energy like solar and wind power. Related Categories: REFERENCE LINKS Print Email Cite Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this How Stuff Works article: What is superconductivity? Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero (-459 degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Kelvin, -273 degrees Celsius) to liquid nitrogen temperatures (-321 F, 77 K, -196 C), they have no electrical resistance. The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature T c ) and varies with the individual material. For practical purposes, critical temperatures are achieved by cooling materials with either liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. The following table shows the critical temperatures of various superconductors: Material Type T c (K) Zinc metal Aluminum metal Tin metal Mercury metal YBa Cu O ceramic TlBaCaCuO ceramic Because these materials have no electrical resistance, meaning electrons can travel through them freely, they can carry large amounts of electrical current for long periods of time without losing energy as heat. Superconducting loops of wire have been shown to carry electrical currents for several years with no measurable loss. This property has implications for

65. Get Wired For Superconductivity | Physical Review Focus Experiments with the wires strongly suggest that the compound is an exotic superconductor whose properties can t be explained by the standard theory of http://focus.aps.org/story/v14/st9

@import "/files/css/efc6c1e68c820f4ef3dd2d5cfb7ae405.css"; @import "/sites/default/themes/focus/page-node.css"; Previous Story Next Story Volume 14 archive Phys. Rev. B (issue of August 2004) Title and Authors 25 August 2004 Get Wired for Superconductivity P. Adams/LSU Live wires. These 7-micron-thick wires carry current without resistance and have an unprecedented combination of strength and light weight. A research team has created a new type of superconducting wire that not only carries a high electric current without resistance but also is remarkably strong, light, thin, and long. As the team reports in the August Physical Review B , the wires are made from an unusual magnesium-carbon-nickel compound layered around a carbon fiber. Experiments with the wires strongly suggest that the compound is an "exotic" superconductor whose properties can't be explained by the standard theory of superconductivity. Improved versions of the wires could be used in the electromagnets needed in a new class of spacecraft propulsion systems. The explanation for superconductivity in standard materials such as niobium and lead has been in textbooks for decades, but unconventional superconductorsknown as exoticsremain mysterious. Some researchers believe that the recently discovered superconductor MgCNi

66. 08.16.2004 - Vibrations In Crystal Lattice Plays Big Role In High Temperature Su A ceramic high temperature superconductor is actually a very poor metal, almost an insulator, at room temperature because electrons interact only slightly http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/08/16_Lanzara.shtml

UC Berkeley Grad student makes 'Jeopardy!' history Five Berkeley scientists named HHMI investigators Job outlook for grads sunnier than expected ... Turbulent Jupiter Sneak peek: Check out the new UC Berkeley website Select one All stories by date economics Campus news Education Environment Events at Berkeley International affairs People public policy Science Social science Students engineering UC Berkeley Press Release A ceramic high temperature superconductor is actually a very poor metal, almost an insulator, at room temperature because electrons interact only slightly with the solid lattice (top), as represented by a slight depression in the crystal lattice. As the ceramic is cooled below a critical temperature, however, electrons pair up and are able to 'dance' with the vibrating lattice, stabilizing one another, as represented by a deep impression in the lattice. (Graphic by Gey-Hong Gweon/LBNL) Vibrations in crystal lattice play big role in high temperature superconductors By Robert Sanders, Media Relations BERKELEY The results, reported in the July 8 issue of

67. Introduction To Superconductors Error. Page cannot be displayed. Please contact service provider for more details. http://www.futurescience.com/scintro.html

This is a 1989 revision of a paper delivered at the October 9, 1987 Conference of the American Society of Test Engineers. An appendix was added in September, 1999. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS by Jerry Emanuelson Colorado Futurescience, Inc. Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, the Dutch physicist known for his research into phenomona at extremely low temperature. In 1908, Onnes had become the first person to liquify helium. He was investigating the electrical properties of various substances at liquid helium temperature (4.2 degrees Kelvin) when he noticed that the resistivity of mercury dropped abruptly at 4.2 K to a value below the resolution of his instruments. In 1933, W. Meissner and R. Oschenfeld discovered that a metal cooled into the superconducting state in a weak magnetic field expels the magnetic field from its interior. In 1945, the Russian physicist V. Arkadiev first performed the now-classic experiment of using this expulsion of a magnetic field to levitate a small bar magnet above the surface of a superconductor. Advances in superconductivity continued to proceed slowly. During the first 75 years of superconductivity research, the critical temperature (the temperature below which superconductivity is present) was raised by less than 20 degrees . In 1973, a niobium alloy was produced with a critical temperature of 23.2 K. This is still the highest temperature for a metallic superconductor.

68. American Superconductor AMSC s High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) wire offers high power density and high efficiency compared to conventional copper wire, opening up a broad http://www.amsc.com/products/htswire/2GWireTechnology.html

ABOUT AMSC INVESTORS NEWS ROOM CAREERS ... Power Quality Second Generation (2G) HTS Wire AMSC's High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) wire offers high power density and high efficiency compared to conventional copper wire, opening up a broad range of applications in the military and commercial sectors. Military applications include ship propulsion motors, air-borne generators and magnets for microwave power sources, while commercial applications include power transmission cables, electric motors and generators, transformers, synchronous condensers and fault current limiters. AMSC's HTS Wire Manufacturing Technology HTS manufacturing plant located in Devens, Massachusetts. By optimizing the electrical and mechanical properties of HTS wire, AMSC is able to customize its wire products to suit a broad range of HTS applications. Today, AMSC's 2G HTS wire manufacturing technology is based on 100 meter-long, 4-cm wide strips of superconductor material that are produced in a high-speed, continuous reel-to-reel deposition process a process that is similar to the low-cost production of motion picture film in which celluloid strips are coated with a liquid emulsion and subsequently slit and laminated into eight, industry-standard 0.44-cm-wide tape-shaped wires. The wires are laminated on both sides with copper or stainless-steel metals to provide strength, durability and certain electrical characteristics needed in applications. These new three-ply, 4.4 mm wide second generation HTS wires are called 344 superconductors.

69. Maglev 2000 There is no resistive heating, and if the superconductor forms a closed circuit, In this new state, the electrons can travel through the superconductor http://www.maglev2000.com/works/how-07.html

History of transportation Superconducting maglev Learning to levitate How the M-2000 system works ... Maglev FAQ Superconductors history Certain materials, when cooled below their transition temperatures, become superconducting - that is, electrical currents travel in them with zero resistance. There is no resistive heating, and if the superconductor forms a closed circuit, the current will continue to flow forever, without any voltage drop or decrease in magnitude. In this mode, superconductor circuits can serve as powerful, lightweight permanent magnets. A detailed description of the physics of superconductivity is complex, and beyond the scope of this summary. Basically, at sufficiently low temperatures, the conducting electrons drop down to an energy level below their normal state. In this new state, the electrons can travel through the superconductor without colliding with, and losing energy to, its atomic matrix. Because they lose no energy, they can travel forever through the conductor, needing no voltage input. Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Kamerlingh Ohnes, the first person to liquefy helium. Since then, there has been a continued rise in superconductor transition temperatures. High transition temperatures are desirable, because the amount of electric power input to the refrigerator that keeps the superconductor at low temperature decreases as transition temperature increases. For example, at 4.2 degrees Kelvin, the normal boiling point of liquid helium, to keep the superconductor cold, approximately 500 watts of electrical power is consumed by the 4.2 K refrigerator to remove one watt of thermal heat that leaks in through the surrounding insulation. (4.2 degrees Kelvin is equivalent to minus 459 degrees Fahrenheit - a very cold place indeed.)

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