1. Turkmenistan History LinkedWords™ - Contextually Find And Manage Web I Added April 6, 2006, 233 am Found in page http//www.linkedwords. com/regional/asia/uzbekistan/turkmenistan_history.php - Main site www.linkedwords.com http://linkedwords.com/regional/asia/uzbekistan/turkmenistan_history.php

May 29, 2008 turkmenistan history Web Users Web Publishers About Help Path: Home regional asia uzbekistan turkmenistan history Page Tools Clustered InsideWeb Language Contextual Path (URL): http://www.linkedwords.com/regional/asia/uzbekistan/turkmenistan_history.php Keyword LookUp: all keyword pages categories linked keyword pages only Choose Category Arts Brands Business Computers Games Health Home Local News / Media Recreation Reference Science Shopping Society Sports More Search Options: Search within this category only Search the web... Main Categories Arts Brands Business Computers ... Sports Page Tools: (RSS, Email, Print, etc..) Generate RSS Email to Friend / Colleague Printer Friendly Format Add to Favorites ... Make Home Page Change Language Default French German Spanish ... Help Us Translate Archives: Home July August September ... April turkmenistan history This page contains listings contextually, grammatically and meaningfully related to the keyword/phrase '... turkmenistan history ...'. If you have text in any page containing the keyword/phrase '...turkmenistan history...' you can add your contextual listing here; it's free and your listing will appear online in real time containing hyper link to your page. In addition, if you are familiar with the keyword/key phrase

2. History, Turkmenistan, Central Asia | East Site - Travel History of Turkmenistan. Historical Events of Turkmenistan. http://tourstosilkroad.com/turkmenistan_history

Silk Road Travel Contact Us Site Map Central Asia Travel ... Forum Central Asia Travel About Silk Road Kazakhstan Tours Uzbekistan Tours Kyrgyzstan Tours ... Georgia Tours East Site Inc. Contact Us Forum Home Turkmenistan History, Turkmenistan, Central Asia While the ancient history of early Turkmenistan is largely shrouded in mystery, its past since the arrival of Indo-European Iranian tribes around 2000 BCE is often the starting point of the area's discernable history . Early tribes were nomadic or semi-nomadic due to the arid conditions of the region as the steppe culture in Central Asia was an extension of a larger Eurasian series of horse cultures which spanned the entire specturm of language families including the Proto-Indo-Europeans and Altaic groups. Some of the known early Iranian tribes included the Massagatae, Scythians/Sakas, and early Soghdians (most likely precursors of the Khwarezmians). Turkmenistan was a passing point for numerous migrations and invasions by tribes which gravitated towards the settled regions of the south including ancient Mesopotamia, Elam, and the Indus Valley Civilization. The region's written history begins with the region's conquest by the Achaemenid Empire of ancient Persia, as the region was divided between the satrapys of Margiana, Chorasmia and Parthia. Later conquerors included Alexander the Great, the Parni, Ephthalites, Huns, G¶kt¼rks, Sarmatians, and Sassanid Persians. During this early phase of

3. Countries On Ancient Silk Road_History Of Turkmenistan Countries and Nations on Ancient Silk Road,History of Turkmenistan. http://www.silkroute.cn/Turkmenistan/Turkmenistan_History.htm

Home Countries on Silk Road related topics and Articles History of Turkmenistan General informaion Map of Turkmenistan Land and People Economy ... History Originally a part of the kingdom of ancient Persia (see Merv ), Turkmenistan passed under Arab domination in the 8th cent. In the 11th cent., it was ruled by the Seljuk Turks (see Khwarazm ). Jenghiz Khan conquered the region in the 13th cent., as did Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th cent. After the breakup (late 15th cent.) of the empire of Timur's successors, the Timurids , Turkmenistan came under Uzbek control. In the early 19th cent., the Turkmens became subject to the khanate of Khiva . In 1869, Russian military forces founded Krasnovodsk (now Turkmenbashi) and began to conquer the Turkmens, whose fierce resistance to Russian encroachment was broken in 1881 with the conquest of the Dengil-Tepe fortress. The Russians then established the Transcaspian Region, which in 1899 became part of the governate general of Russian Turkistan. Harsh Russian administration provoked revolts by the Turkmens. During the Russian civil war sporadic fighting flared between the Transcaspian provincial government and Bolshevik troops. The Red Army took Ashgabat in July, 1919, and Krasnovodsk in Feb., 1920. The Transcaspian Region was renamed Turkmen Region in 1921; the following year, it became part of the Turkistan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which in 1924 incorporated the Turkmen districts of the former Bukhara and Khorezm republics. Turkmenistan formally became a constituent Soviet republic in 1925. Large numbers of Turkmens still live in Iran and Afghanistan.

4. Title Translate this page , , , . http://www.jartour.ru/info/turkmenistan_history.html

currentDiv=14;  øåñòîì ñòîëåòèè äî íàøåé ýðû òåððèòîðèÿ íûíåøíåãî Òóðêìåíèñòàíà áûëà çàâîåâàíà Ïåðñèäñêîé äèíàñòèåé Àõåìåíèäîâ, â IV âåêå äî íàøåé ýðû þæíàÿ ÷àñòü íûíåøíåãî Åùå îäèí êóëüòóðíûé öåíòð íàõîäèëñÿ íà òåððèòîðèè Õîðåçìà. Õîðåçì òàê æå îòíîñèëñÿ ê êîíöó Ïåðñèäñêîãî ïåðèîäà. Ïåðñèäñêîå ãîñóäàðñòâî çàêîí÷èëî ñâîå ñóùåñòâîâàíèå â þæíîì Òóðêìåíèñòàíå â III âåêå äî í.ý., è íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè íà÷àëñÿ êîðîòêèé ïåðèîä ãîñïîäñòâà Ñàñàíèäîâ. Âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå V âåêà í.ý. Òóðêìåíèñòàí ïîïàë ïîä âëèÿíèå äðóãîé ãðóïïû - Ýôòàëèòîâ. Åå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ïîëîæèëè íà÷àëî ãîñïîäñòâó òþðêîâ íà òåððèòîðèè Òóðêìåíèñòàíà. Ôàêòè÷åñêè, VI âåê í.ý. èçâåñòåí â Òóðêìåíèñòàíå êàê âåê Òþðêñêèõ Êàãàíîâ. Àðàáû ïðèøëè â Òóðêìåíèñòàí â ñåðåäèíå VII ñòîëåòèÿ. Îíè çàâîåâàëè çàïàäíûé Òóðêìåíèñòàí è òåððèòîðèþ Õîðåçìà, à ïîñëå íåñêîëüêèõ ñðàæåíèé - âåñü Òóðêìåíèñòàí.  IX ñòîëåòèè ïðàâëåíèå àðàáîâ â Òóðêìåíèñòàíå ïðåêðàòèëîñü è âîçðîäèëîñü óæå Òàõèðèäàìè è Ñàìàíèäàìè. àçíàâèäû, êîòîðûå ïîÿâèëèñü â X ñòîëåòèè, ïîëîæèëè êîíåö ïðàâëåíèþ Ñàìàíèäîâ è íà÷àëè ñâîþ ñîáñòâåííóþ ýðó. Äâèæåíèå Îãóç-Òóðêìåí â XI-XII ñòîëåòèÿõ ïðèâåëî ê ôîðìèðîâàíèþ øèðîêîé èìïåðèè, êîòîðàÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíèëàñü îò Ñðåäíåé Àçèè äî Ñèðèè è Ïàëåñòèíû, è âîçãëàâëÿëàñü Ñåëüäæóêñêîé äèíàñòèåé. , Òàìåðëàí, èñòðåáèâøèé Çîëîòóþ Îðäó, ðàñøèðèë òåððèòîðèþ ñâîåãî ãîñïîäñòâà â ñåâåðíîì íàïðàâëåíèè. Âî âðåìÿ Ìîíãîëüñêîãî ïåðèîäà è ïðàâëåíèÿ Òàìåðëàíà, ìíîãèå òóðêìåíñêèå ïëåìåíà - òàêèå, êàê Òåêå, Ñàëóð, ßìóò è Åðñàðó ðàçúåõàëèñü èç Òóðêìåíèñòàíà â Èðàí, Èðàê, Êàâêàç è Òóðöèþ. À òàêèå ïëåìåíà, êàê Òóðêìåíñêèå Àêêîþíëó (áåëàÿ îâöà), è Êàðàêîþíëó (÷åðíàÿ îâöà), îñíîâàâøèå ãîñóäàðñòâà íà çàïàäíîì è ñåâåðíîì Èðàíå è â âîñòî÷íîé Àíàòîëèè, îñíîâàëè âåëèêóþ öèâèëèçàöèþ ìåæäó XIII è XVI ñòîëåòèÿìè. Ñîãëàñíî èñòîðè÷åñêèì èñòî÷íèêàì, Áàéðàì Õàí, ñîçäàâøèé ñåáå õîðîøóþ ðåïóòàöèþ âî âðåìÿ ïîõîäà íà Èíäèþ, áûë ðîäîì èç Òóðêìåíîâ Êàðàêîþíëó.

5. Òóðû â Òóðêìåíèñòàí, îòäûõ â Òóðêìåíèñòàíå. Translate this page Next-Voyage - ! , , , - . http://next-voyage.ru/tours_as.html?id=9&action=mod&mod=turkmenistan_history

6. Kilima.com: Turkmenistan: Turkmenistan History Turkmenistan History Turkmenistan - Kilima.com is an international online store featuring Art, Film, History, Literature, Music and Travel http://www.kilima.com/tkm-9-Turkmenistan_History.html

Kilima.com - an international online store featuring Art, Film, History, Literature, Music and Travel... choose Country... Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Anguilla Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canada residents Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Colombia Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europe Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France résidents français French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar (Burma) Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Lucia Samoa San Marino Saudi Arabia Senegal

7. The History Of Turkmenistan View information on the history of Turkmenistan and other world countries. http://www.factrover.com/history/Turkmenistan_history.html

Home All Countries World Newspapers US Newspapers The History of Turkmenistan Below is a brief history of Turkmenistan. To find information other than history for Turkmenistan then visit the Turkmenistan Country Page Turkmenistan Government Turkmenistan People Turkmenistan Geography ... Turkmenistan Economy Turkmenistan History The territory of Turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Tribes of horsebreeding Turkmen drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan from ancient times, possibly from the Altay Mountains, and grazed along the outskirts of the Karakum Desert into Persia, Syria, and Anatolia. Alexander the Great conquered the territory in the 4th century B.C. on his way to India. One hundred fifty years later the Parthian Kingdom took control of Turkmenistan, establishing its capital in Nisa, an area now located in the suburbs of the modern-day capital of Ashgabat. In the 7th century A.D. Arabs conquered this region, bringing with them the Islamic religion and incorporating the Turkmen into Middle Eastern culture. It was around this time that the famous "Silk Road" was established as a major trading route between Asia and Europe. In the middle of the 11th century, the powerful Turks of the Seldjuk Empire concentrated their strength in the territory of Turkmenistan in an attempt to expand into Afghanistan. The empire broke down in the second half of the 12th century, and the Turkmen lost their independence when Genghis Khan took control of the eastern Caspian Sea region on his march west. For the next 7 centuries, the Turkmen people lived under various empires and fought constant intertribal wars amongst themselves.

8. History Of Turkmenistan Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free; Travel, Cheap Tickets; Auction, Newsletter; Immigration, Affiliate; Make Money http://www.worldrover.com/history/turkmenistan_history.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Turkmenistan No Brief History Currently Available Brief History Main Country Page Vital Statistics Embassy Info Travel Guides Search Net: History Free Clip Art w/ Flags! home guides ... embassies

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