1. Unix - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia unix (officially trademarked as unix®, sometimes also written as unix or unix® with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix

Unix From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX® , sometimes also written as Unix or Unix ® with small caps ) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy As of 2007, the owner of the trademark UNIX® is The Open Group , an industry standards consortium. Only systems fully compliant with and certified to the Single UNIX Specification qualify as "UNIX®" (others are called "Unix system-like" or " Unix-like During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix, in academic circles, led to large-scale adoption of Unix (particularly of the BSD variant, originating from the University of California, Berkeley ) by commercial startups, the most notable of which is Sun Microsystems . Today, in addition to certified Unix systems, Unix-like operating systems such as Linux and BSD are commonly encountered. Sometimes, "traditional Unix" may be used to describe a Unix or an operating system that has the characteristics of either Version 7 Unix or UNIX System V Contents Overview History 2000 to present Standards ... edit Overview Unix operating systems are widely used in both servers and workstations . The Unix environment and the client-server program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet and the reshaping of computing as centered in networks rather than in individual computers.

2. The UNIX System, UNIX System The Open Group holds the unix trademark in trust for the industry, and manages the unix trademark licensing program. http://www.unix.org/

Home About A-Z Index Search ... The UNIX Certification Program You are here: The UNIX System Home Page Signup to the Developer Declaration of Independence UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group Purchase the Pdf edition of the Guide including the full specification in html and pdf formats (available for immediate download after purchase) Order the classic Live Free or Die plate Home Contacts Legal Members ... News Updated on Wednesday, 8 February 2006 Print this page /* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on the next lines. */var pageName = "";var server = "";var channel = "";/**** DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE! ****/var code = ' '; document.write(' '); document.write('>');

3. UGU.com Largest unix System Administration Resource site, for beginners and gurus that are looking for unix sites on the internet. http://www.ugu.com/

4. UNIX / Linux Tutorial For Beginners Beginners guide to the unix / Linux operating system. Eight simple tutorials which cover the basics of unix. http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/

UNIX Tutorial for Beginners A beginners guide to the Unix and Linux operating system. Eight simple tutorials which cover the basics of UNIX / Linux commands. UNIX and Linux books If you wish to continue learning Unix, here is a list of good Unix and Linux books , ranging from beginners to advanced. Introduction to the UNIX Operating System What is UNIX? Files and processes The Directory Structure Starting an UNIX terminal Tutorial One Listing files and directories Making Directories Changing to a different Directory The directories . and .. Pathnames More about home directories and pathnames Tutorial Two Copying Files Moving Files Removing Files and directories Displaying the contents of a file on the screen Searching the contents of a file Tutorial Three Redirection Redirecting the Output Redirecting the Input Pipes Tutorial Four Wildcards Filename Conventions Getting Help Tutorial Five File system security (access rights) Changing access rights Processes and Jobs Listing suspended and background processes Killing a process Tutorial Six Other Useful UNIX commands Tutorial Seven Compiling UNIX software packages Download source code Extracting source code Configuring and creating the Makefile Building the package Running the software Stripping unnecessary code Tutorial Eight UNIX variables Environment variables Shell variables Using and setting variables Recommended UNIX and Linux books If you wish to continue learning Unix, here is a

5. The Creation Of The UNIX* Operating System Lengthy encyclopediaquality article from Bell Labs, covering the early days to the present versions. http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix/

The Creation of the UNIX Operating System After three decades of use, the UNIX* computer operating system from Bell Labs is still regarded as one of the most powerful, versatile, and flexible operating systems (OS) in the computer world. Its popularity is due to many factors, including its ability to run a wide variety of machines, from micros to supercomputers, and its portability all of which led to its adoption by many manufacturers. Like another legendary creature whose name also ends in 'x,' UNIX rose from the ashes of a multi-organizational effort in the early 1960s to develop a dependable timesharing operating system. The joint effort was not successful, but a few survivors from Bell Labs tried again, and what followed was a system that offers its users a work environment that has been described as "of unusual simplicity, power, and elegance...." The system also fostered a distinctive approach to software design solving a problem by interconnecting simpler tools, rather than creating large monolithic application programs. Its development and evolution led to a new philosophy of computing, and it has been a never-ending source of both challenges and joy to programmers around the world.

6. Unix And Linux Commands, Information And Help Helping you with unix and Linux providing information on tons of unix commands simularities of unix and DOS and more. http://www.computerhope.com/unix.htm

Home Free help Contact Links ... Forums Search Other Pages Home Site map Computer help Dictionary ... What's new Tools E-mail this page Print Preview Edit this page Unix, Linux and variants Quick links Unix ABCs Linux ABCs MS-DOS vs. Linux / Unix Unix commands ... Linux / Unix news Unix ABCs Unix, which is not an acronym, was developed by some of the members of the Multics team at the bell labs starting in the late 's by many of the same people who helped create the C programming language. The Unix today, however, is not just the work of a couple of programmers. Many other organizations, institutes and various other individuals contributed significant additions to the system we now know today. See additional Unix information and variants and information on the Unix variants page Linux ABCs Developed by Linus Torvalds and further elaborated by a number of developers throughout the world, Linux ( lee'nuhks/ or /li'nuks/,_not_/li:'nuhks)

7. UNIX History This is a simplified diagram of unix history. There are numerous derivative systems not listed in this chart, maybe 10 times more! In the recent past, http://www.levenez.com/unix/

Unix History Unix Timeline Below, you can see the preview of the Unix History (click on the white zone to get a bigger image): index This is a simplified diagram of unix history. There are numerous derivative systems not listed in this chart, maybe 10 times more! In the recent past, many electronic companies had their own unix releases. This diagram is only the tip of an iceberg, with a penguin on it ;-). If you want to print this timeline, you can download one of the following files: Printer using A4 paper Printer using Letter paper Plotter If you have some problem with the EPS file, look here Here is the index of the Unix History : Printer using A4 paper Printer using Letter paper Here is the ChangeLog of this history. If you have put this diagram on the wall of your office and have taken a photo of it, please send me a copy and I'll put it on this page Note 1 : an arrow indicates an inheritance like a compatibility, it is not only a matter of source code Note 2 : this diagram shows complete systems and [micro]kernels like Mach, Linux, the Hurd... This is because sometimes kernel versions are more appropriate to see the evolution of the system. Note 3 : I have now a page where I explain how I build this chart.

8. Apple - Mac OS X Leopard - Technology - UNIX Introducing the fully unixcompliant Mac OS X Leopard. http://www.apple.com/macosx/technology/unix.html

var searchSection = 'mac'; var searchCountry = 'us'; Apple Store Mac iPod + iTunes ... Support Search Mac OS X Leopard Buy Now Overview New Features ... Technology 64-Bit Core Animation Multicore UNIX Security Bonjour What can the fully compliant UNIX technology in Leopard do? It can run any POSIX-compliant source code. Help you make the most of multicore systems. Put a new, tabbed-interface Terminal at your fingertips. Introduce a whole host of new features that make life easier for every developer. Really, what can’t it do? UNIX certification. Leopard is an Open Brand UNIX 03 Registered Product, conforming to the and POSIX 1003.1 specifications for the C API, Shell Utilities, and Threads. Since Leopard can compile and run all your existing UNIX code, you can deploy it in environments that demand full conformance — complete with hooks to maintain compatibility with existing software. Terminal 2. The Terminal application in Leopard takes advantage of the operating system’s native text and graphics capabilities, using Input Manager and Core Text to fully support non-English languages. The updated layout engine provides very fast rendering of ASCII, ISO, and Unicode text, and a new user interface gives users around the world the ability to harness the power of UNIX. A simplified inspector and integrated settings pane make it easy to change the look and feel of Terminal. Self-Tuning TCP.

9. The UNIX Forums The top free unix and Linux System Administration Resource Forum, for beginners and gurus that are looking for unix and Linux help and advice on the http://www.unix.com/

The UNIX Forums User Name Remember Me? Password Home Forums Register Members List ... The Unix Lounge What is your preferred text editor? vi or vi clone such as vim - 73.67% emacs - 5.41% notepad - 5.20% EditPlus - 5.10% UltraEdit - 4.78% pico - 2.12% nano - 1.59% mcedit - 0.64% nedit - 1.49% Total Votes: 942 You have already voted on this poll. View Poll Results Discuss This Poll This Poll Has 172 Replies Welcome to The UNIX Forums The UNIX Forums is the top free UNIX and Linux System Administration Resource Forum, for beginners and gurus that are looking for UNIX and Linux help and advice on the Internet. Click here to register. Signing up is free and will allow you to use the full search and interactive features of the site. Registered users do not see any ads, so please register if you have not already done so. If you encounter any difficulties during the signup process, please leave a message here and one of the site administrators will deal with it. We aim to make visiting this site as pleasant as possible for all our members so before posting we ask you to read the simple rules of UNIX.COM

10. Adobe - Adobe Reader For Unix Adobe Reader for unix. By downloading software from the Adobe Web site you agree to the terms of our license agreement. Please read it before downloading. http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/product.jsp?product=10&platform=unix

11. GIMP - For Unix There are various ways to obtain and install GIMP for unix systems. In addition to the source code distribution here on www.gimp.org, you can get binaries http://www.gimp.org/unix/

GNU Image Manipulation Program Skip to page contents News Screenshots ... GIMP User Group GIMP for Unix Getting and Installing GIMP There are various ways to obtain and install GIMP for UNIX systems. In addition to the source code distribution here on www.gimp.org, you can get binaries for various flavors of UNIX. At the moment we know about the following binary packages for GIMP 2.2 or 2.4 on UNIX. These binaries are provided by GIMP users. We did not test them; use at your own risk. GNU/Linux Debian (deb) Fedora Core 3 (RPM) Gentoo Portage Slackware ... Ubuntu (deb) BSD FreeBSD Sun Solaris Blastwave Software Distribution If you cannot find a pre-compiled package of GIMP 2.4 for your system, you can build and install GIMP from the source code . This is not that hard, so don't be afraid and give it a try. Requirements GIMP runs on most Unix systems using X11 (the X Window System). If your system can run a graphical web browser, chances are that it can also run GIMP. It runs even on relatively old PCs (Pentium 200) or on old workstations (Sun Ultra1). The amount of memory can be an important factor, especially if you intend to work on large images. A minimum of 128 MB of RAM is recommended, but actually you should have 256 MB or more, and several GB does not hurt when you want to edit really large images. In addition to the basic X11 libraries, the following is a list of what you will need to run GIMP on your system:

12. ITtoolbox UNIX Knowledge Base ITtoolbox unix Knowledge Base provides the latest communitygenerated content from the IT market. Share knowledge with your peers and work together to form http://unix.ittoolbox.com/

dojo.setModulePrefix("ITtoolbox", "../widgets");dojo.require("ITtoolbox.UserBadge"); UNIX Knowledge Base 152,060 UNIX subscriptions What is ITtoolbox? A community where peers share knowledge about information technology. Take the tour Ignore this text box. It is used to detect spammers.If you enter anything into this text box, no search results will be displayed. Sign in to ITtoolbox E-mail or User ID Password or Sign up! Forgot password? Help Invite Peers ... More... Share your knowledge with the IT community at ITtoolbox Wiki Build a comprehensive IT Reference Guide Record your name in IT history New Posts Sign up for UNIX Blogs Open Source Procurement The March issue of the OSBR is now available at th.. Dru posted to blog: A Year in the Life of a BSD Guru Groups Decommissioning RS6000 servers Hello.Does anyone have information or details of w.. renecents posted to group: ibm-aix-l Link aggregation on the VIO server SEA You can do it as you want.. you can share two SEAs.. lrojask posted to group: ibm-aix-l Wiki Changing Access Password using shell script Shell reserved words ... ANSS - BMC Patrol / Performance Manager Administrator Needed Browse by Type of Content Buzzwords Jobs Peer Publishing Surveys ... More...

13. A Brief History Of Unix History of unix and causes for its popularity. This document is designed to give people with no previous unix experience some sense of what unix is. http://www.hsrl.rutgers.edu/ug/unix_history.html

A Brief History of Unix By Charles Severance This document is designed to give people with no previous UNIX experience some sense of what UNIX is. This document will cover the history of UNIX and an introduction to UNIX. HISTORY OF UNIX AND CAUSES FOR ITS POPULARITY Most discussions of UNIX begin with the history of UNIX without explaining why the history of UNIX is important to understanding UNIX. The remainder of this document will describe some strengths and weaknesses of UNIX and attempt to explain why UNIX is becoming popular. All of UNIX's strengths and weaknesses can be directly related to the history of its development, hence a discussion of history is very useful. UNIX was originally developed at Bell Laboratories as a private research project by a small group of people starting in 1969. This group had experience with a number of different operating systems research efforts in the 1970's. The goals of the group were to design an operating system to satisfy the following objectives: Simple and elegant Written in a high level language rather than assembly language Allow re-use of code Typical vendor operating systems of the time were extremely large and all written in assembly language. UNIX had a relatively small amount of code written in assembly language (this is called the kernel) and the remaining code for the operating system was written in a high level language called C.

14. Unix CHAPTER 9 On the Early History and Impact of unix Tools to Build the Tools for a New Millenium When the barbarian, advancing step by step, had discovered http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch001j.c11

and Ronda Hauben's netbook titled "Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet." *Commercial use is prohibited* Please send us any comments about this draft. Send comments to both hauben@columbia.edu and rh120@columbia.edu.

15. Index Of /unix/9.50-Alpha-1 Index of /unix/9.50Alpha-1. ICO, Name Last modified Size. DIR, Parent Directory, -. DIR, amd64-freebsd/, 04-Sep-2007 0734, -. DIR http://snapshot.opera.com/unix/9.50-Alpha-1/

Index of /unix/9.50-Alpha-1 Name Last modified Size Parent Directory ... amd64-freebsd/ 04-Sep-2007 07:34 intel-freebsd/ 04-Sep-2007 07:35 intel-linux/ 04-Sep-2007 07:36 intel-solaris/ 04-Sep-2007 07:36 ppc-linux/ 04-Sep-2007 07:36 x86_64-linux/ 04-Sep-2007 07:36 Apache/2.2.3 (Debian) Server at snapshot.opera.com Port 80

16. The FreeBSD Project Based on BSD unix®. FreeBSD® is an advanced operating system for x86 It is derived from BSD, the version of unix® developed at the University of http://www.freebsd.org/

Skip site navigation Skip section navigation Header And Logo Peripheral Links Text Size: Normal Large Donate Contact Search Site Navigation Home About Get FreeBSD Documentation ... Foundation Based on BSD UNIX® large team of individuals . Additional platforms are in various stages of development. Learn More Get FreeBSD Now LATEST RELEASES Production Release 7.0 ... Production (Legacy) Release 6.3 Language Links de en es fr ... ru Mirror IPv6 Armenia IPv6 Austria IPv6 Denmark IPv6 Japan IPv6 Taiwan/1 IPv6 Taiwan/2 IPv6 Turkey IPv6 USA/1 IPv6 USA/2 Argentina Armenia Australia/1 Australia/2 Austria/1 Austria/2 Belgium Brazil/1 Brazil/2 Brazil/3 Bulgaria/1 Bulgaria/2 Canada/1 Canada/2 China Costa Rica Czech Republic Denmark/1 Denmark/2 Estonia Finland/1 Finland/2 France Germany Greece/1 Greece/2 Hong Kong Hungary/1 Hungary/2 Iceland Indonesia Ireland/1 Ireland/2 Italy/1 Italy/2 Japan Korea/1 Korea/2 Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia/1 Latvia/2 Lithuania Netherlands/1 Netherlands/2 New Zealand Norway Philippines Poland/1 Poland/2 Portugal/1 Portugal/2 Portugal/3 Portugal/4 Romania/1 Romania/2 Romania/3 Romania/4 Russia/1 Russia/2 Russia/3 Russia/4 Russia/5 San Marino Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia/1 Slovenia/2 South Africa/1 South Africa/2 Spain/1 Spain/2 Spain/3 Sweden/1 Sweden/2 Switzerland/1 Switzerland/2 Taiwan/1 Taiwan/2 Taiwan/3 Taiwan/4 Taiwan/5 Taiwan/6 Thailand Turkey/1 Turkey/2 Turkey/3 Ukraine/1 Ukraine/2 Ukraine/3 Ukraine/4 United Kingdom/1 United Kingdom/2 USA/1 USA/2 USA/3 SHORTCUTS Mailing Lists Report a Bug FAQ Handbook ... New to FreeBSD?

17. Early Unix History And Evolution 1979 conference paper by Dennis Ritchie. Concentrates on the evolution of the file system, the processcontrol mechanism, and the idea of pipelined http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html

The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System* Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, 07974 ABSTRACT This paper presents a brief history of the early development of the Unix operating system. It concentrates on the evolution of the file system, the process-control mechanism, and the idea of pipelined commands. Some attention is paid to social conditions during the development of the system. NOTE: *This paper was first presented at the Language Design and Programming Methodology conference at Sydney, Australia, September 1979. The conference proceedings were published as Lecture Notes in Computer Science #79: Language Design and Programming Methodology, No. 6 Part 2, October 1984, pp. 1577-93. Introduction During the past few years, the Unix operating system has come into wide use, so wide that its very name has become a trademark of Bell Laboratories. Its important characteristics have become known to many people. It has suffered much rewriting and tinkering since the first publication describing it in 1974 [1], but few fundamental changes. However, Unix was born in 1969 not 1974, and the account of its development makes a little-known and perhaps instructive story. This paper presents a technical and social history of the evolution of the system. Origins For computer science at Bell Laboratories, the period 1968-1969 was somewhat unsettled. The main reason for this was the slow, though clearly inevitable, withdrawal of the Labs from the Multics project. To the Labs computing community as a whole, the problem was the increasing obviousness of the failure of Multics to deliver promptly any sort of usable system, let alone the panacea envisioned earlier. For much of this time, the Murray Hill Computer Center was also running a costly GE 645 machine that inadequately simulated the GE 635. Another shake-up that occurred during this period was the organizational separation of computing services and computing research.

18. What Is Unix? - A Definition From Whatis.com unix is an operating system that originated at Bell Labs in 1969 as an interactive timesharing system. http://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid39_gci213253,00.ht

mboxCreate('global'); Unix Home Enterprise Linux Definitions - Unix SearchEnterpriseLinux.com Definitions (Powered by WhatIs.com) EMAIL THIS LOOK UP TECH TERMS Powered by: Search listings for thousands of IT terms: Browse tech terms alphabetically: A B C D ... Z Unix Digg This! StumbleUpon Del.icio.us ttWriteMboxDiv('searchEnterpriseLinux_Definition_Body'); ttWriteMboxContent('searchEnterpriseLinux_Definition_Body'); - Unix (often spelled "UNIX," especially as an official trademark) is an operating system that originated at Bell Labs in 1969 as an interactive time-sharing system. Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie are considered the inventors of Unix. The name (pronounced YEW-nihks ) was a pun based on an earlier system, Multics . In 1974, Unix became the first operating system written in the C language. Unix has evolved as a kind of large freeware product, with many extensions and new ideas provided in a variety of versions of Unix by different companies, universities, and individuals. Partly because it was not a proprietary operating system owned by any one of the leading computer companies and partly because it is written in a standard language and embraced many popular ideas, Unix became the first open or standard operating system that could be improved or enhanced by anyone. A composite of the

19. SecurityFocus This article describes a few hardening and alerting methods for unix servers that help block vectors for various attacks, including two webbased http://www.securityfocus.com/unix

var pathname='/home'; var OAS_listpos = 'Top,Middle,Bottom1,Right1,x29,x30,x28'; Threat level definition Search: Home Bugtraq Vulnerabilities Mailing Lists ... Vulns Infocus: Unix (Page 1 of 12) 1 Recent Security Enhancements in NetBSD NetBSD is renowned for its focus on portability, but great care is also given to security. This paper presents the NetBSD philosophy on security, major design decisions, and its current security features. Following the discussion, current and future research is presented to provide a good look at NetBSD's direction. By: Elad Efrat http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1878 Analyzing Malicious SSH Login Attempts Malicious SSH login attempts have been appearing in some administrators' logs for several years. This article takes a new look at the use of honeypots to analyze malicious SSH login attempts and see what can be learned about this activity. The article then offers recommendations on how to secure one's system against these attacks. By: Christian Seifert http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1876

20. Learn UNIX In 10 Minutes Learn unix in 10 minutes. Version 1.3 Preface This is something that I had given out to students (CAD user training) in years past. http://freeengineer.org/learnUNIXin10minutes.html

FREEENGINEER.ORG Learn UNIX in 10 minutes. Version 1.3 Preface GFDL . Have an idea for this page? Send me patches, comments, corrections , about whatever you think is wrong or should be included. I am always happy to hear from you. Please include the word "UNIX" in your subject. Sections: Directories: Moving around the file system: Listing directory contents: Changing file permissions and attributes ... FAQs ****************************************************************************************** Basic UNIX Command Line (shell) navigation : Last revised May 17 2001 ****************************************************************************************** Directories: File and directory paths in UNIX use the forward slash "/" to separate directory names in a path. examples: / "root" directory /usr directory usr (sub-directory of / "root" directory) /usr/STRIM100 STRIM100 is a subdirectory of /usr Moving around the file system: pwd Show the "present working directory", or current directory. cd Change current directory to your HOME directory. cd /usr/STRIM100 Change current directory to /usr/STRIM100. cd INIT Change current directory to INIT which is a sub-directory of the current directory. cd .. Change current directory to the parent directory of the current directory. cd $STRMWORK Change current directory to the directory defined by the environment variable 'STRMWORK'. cd ~bob Change the current directory to the user bob's home directory (if you have permission).

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