21. A Short History Of The Abacus An abacus is a device used for addition and subtraction, and the related operations of multiplication and division. It does not require the use of pen and http://fenris.net/~lizyoung/abacus.html

The Abacus: A History How did people keep track of numbers before pen and paper were widely available? How does addition and subtraction work if you don't have a handy written form for your numbers? Say you can't read or write, but you can count - how do you add, subtract, multiply, or divide large numbers? The answer to all these questions is . . . the abacus! What is an abacus? An abacus is a device used for addition and subtraction, and the related operations of multiplication and division. It does not require the use of pen and paper, and it's good for any base number system. There are two basic forms for the abacus: a specially marked flat surface used with counters (counting table), or a frame with beads strung on wires (bead frame). Timeline of the Abacus Chinese Abacus ************************************* Japanese Abacus *************************** Aztec Abacus ******* Counting Table ****************************************** 600 BC 500 BC 900 AD 1600 AD 1826 AD 1999 AD The Counting Table Although counting tables are obsolete now, they have over 2000 years of documented use. Their earliest form was that of a simple stone slab with incised parallel lines. The lines served to mark the place values. The earliest known counting table is from the island of Salamis in Greece. The latest surviving counting table is from the end of the 16th century and is in a museum at Strasbourg (Pullan 53). The only real difference between the early and later forms is the direction of the place value lines: horizontal or vertical.

22. Abacus - Definition From The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Definition of abacus from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abacus

Home Visit Our Sites Unabridged Dictionary Learner's Dictionary ... Contact Us Also Visit: Unabridged Encyclopedia Britannica Visual ESL: Learner's for Kids: Spell It! Word Central Dictionary Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Search "abacus" in: Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Dictionary Open Dictionary Browse words next to: abacus Browse the Dictionary: A B C D ... Z abacus One entry found. abacus Main Entry: Pronunciation: Function: noun Inflected Form(s): plural ba- or Etymology: Latin, from Greek abak-, abax, literally, slab Date: 14th century  an instrument for performing calculations by sliding counters along rods or in grooves  a slab that forms the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column Learn more about "abacus" and related topics at Britannica.com Pronunciation Symbols Products Premium Services ... Advertising Info

23. Abacus Software Ancient Chinese invented the abacus, the first computing machine, centuries ago. The abacus in our logo shows the date of the company s incorporation. http://www.abacussoftware.com/

Home About Services Clients ... Contact Ancient Chinese invented the abacus, the first computing machine, centuries ago. The Abacus in our logo shows the date of the company's incorporation. Abacus Software Group, Inc. began its software consulting practice in 1982, providing services to... Jobs - SAP FICO functional. - Java, J2EE. - .Net C# developer. - SAP Basis Admin. SAP Consultant Siebel Business Analyst Senior .Net Consultant Abacus is the best place for any consultant with desire and ambition to succeed... Immediately after receiving my Masters degree, I got into Abacus. From an... Home About Services Clients ... Contact Best Viewed at 800 x 600 in IE 5.0+ Design Credits: i-Links 'n' Grafix Pvt. Ltd.

24. Abacus - NLVM An electronic abacus that can be used to do arithmetic. http://nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/frames_asid_196_g_3_t_1.html

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25. Abacus - Simple English Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia abacus is a very old tool used for arithmetic. It is still used in some parts of the world. Sometimes blind people will use an abacus, because they can feel http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus

Abacus From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change Jump to: navigation search Abacus Abacus is a very old tool used for arithmetic . It is still used in some parts of the world. Sometimes blind people will use an abacus, because they can feel the numbers easily. The most common abacuses work by moving beads on rods. Abacuses can do addition subtraction multiplication division , and people can use them to find the square root of whole numbers . Expert, or very good, abacus users can sometimes do math quicker than basic calculators Contents Other websites General and historical articles Tutorials Abacus curiosities ... change Other websites Wikisource has original 1911 Encyclop¦dia Britannica text related to: Abacus Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Abacus Wikibooks has more about this subject: Using an Abacus change General and historical articles Abacus Photos and Images Abacus Roman abacus change Tutorials Manual de uso del Abaco Japon©s Soroban Min Multimedia Suan Pan Abacus: Mystery of the Bead - an Abacus Manual ... change Abacus curiosities Abacus in Various Number Systems at cut-the-knot Java applet of Chinese, Japanese and Russian abaci

26. The Abacus The top area of each abacus is used for fives, and the bottom area is used for ones. abacuses are used for doing arithmetic. When doing arithmetic, you move http://www.jimloy.com/arith/abacus.htm

Return to my Mathematics pages Go to my home page The Abacus On the left, you see two abacuses (abaci is also correct). On both abacuses, we see the number 1998. The top area of each abacus is used for fives, and the bottom area is used for ones. Abacuses are used for doing arithmetic. When doing arithmetic, you move the beads. The position of the beads represents the sum, or product, so far. It is how you can remember the partial sum or product. Experts in the use of the abacus can be very fast (and accurate), often faster than an expert with a calculator, especially addition and subtraction. Such an expert on the abacus is especially adept at data entry. In the original version of this article, I mistakenly had the top area of the two abacuses upside down. To start out, the abacus registers zero, with the bottom (ones) beads all the way down, and the top (fives) beads up I won't get deeply into the mechanics of using an abacus. Let me just say, to add one to a number, you either move a bead (in the rightmost "ones" column) up, or move all four beads down then execute a carry into the "fives" area. This carry just involves moving the five bead down (remember that up is a zero and down is a five), or moving it up (to zero) then executing a second carry into the "tens" column. The Japanese abacus, the soroban, is more elegant, as the Chinese abacus has redundant beads. With the Chinese abacus, you never have to use the bottom bead in each column, in both the "ones" and "fives" areas. These extra beads are apparently useful, if you use an extra step every time you carry. You notice that you have all five beads up, so then you know you should execute a carry.

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Servers Used IBM iSeries iSeries Overview DRHA ... Financial Services AC_FL_RunContent( 'codebase','http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,28,0','width','946','height','230','src','new/blue','quality','high','pluginspage','http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash','wmode','transparent','movie','new/blue' ); //end AC code Unbeatable Solutions: New and Used Servers Our basic product offerings can be organized into the following categories: IT Infrastructure Services New and Used Servers Storage/SAN Networking ... Software For more information on our wide variety of IT services, used servers, refurbished servers and other excellent IT values, contact us today "Abacus Solutions came in and Analyzed our needs for DR and Business continuity - after carefully looking at our budget and technical environment they came up with a cost effective solution that has left Procare with a fully redundant environment - all for a lower cost than their competitors. Abacus has also helped us with immediate needs, such as same day delivery on parts we needed because our vendor’s equipment failed. Abacus is cost effective, responsive and puts our best interests as their number 1 priority" - Paul Muller, ProCare RX

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Schneider Electric and TAC Join Clinton Climate Initiative! 08.07.07 Bellevue City Hall Named AIA Project of the Month. 07.11.07 We've Moved! Please stop by and check out our new sustainable office. 03.24.07 ... Congratulations! Kirk Rosenbaum, Commissioning Specialist, has been appointed to the board of the Building Commissioning Association. 12.14.06 News and Events: We are excited to announce that the Abacus office has moved! We embraced this new opportunity to celebrate our company's commitment to sustainability by incorporating energy efficient design elements and environmentally conscious materials to create a comfortable and earth-friendly working space... Read Complete Story Jordan Lerner, Director of Consulting Engineering, presented at the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) Conference: October 4-6, 2006 in Tempe, AZ. Jordan Lerner discussed the growing concerns about the long-term impact of buildings on the environment and how the construction of high performance buildings can make a positive difference. He outlined the effects of high performance buildings on the health, comfort, and productivity of building occupants and show how these factors, along with the facility's key decisions about process efficiency, asset lifespan and marketplace drivers will influence the value returned from the high performance facility. Read Complete Story Congratulations to the Electrical Team for the award of the City of Tukwila - Stand-by Power Generators Replacement!

29. Translator's Abacus -- A Wordcount Program, Word Count Program Translator s abacus is a FREE word count program developed by GlobalRendering. Just drag and drop files to be counted to Translator s abacus and a Word http://www.globalrendering.com/download.html

Translator's Abacus is a FREE word count program developed by GlobalRendering. Just drag and drop files to be counted to Translator's Abacus and a Word Count Report will be presented. The program also provides translation quotes for the most common languages such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, French, Italian, German, Spanish, etc. Click here to download the latest version of Translation's Abacus. Sample Word Count Report created by Translator's Abacus HTML Files File Name Word Count Total Word Count for HTML Files PDF Files File Name Word Count Total Word Count for PDF Files MS Word Files File Name Word Count Total Word Count for Word (doc) Files RTF Files File Name Word Count Total Word Count for RTF Files Text Files File Name Word Count Total Word Count for Text Files Grand Total Word Count Total Cost for French: Total Cost for Simplified Chinese: Total Cost for Russian: Total Translation Cost:

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We are Sales and Marketing Recruiters. Finding Sales and Marketing people is what we do best! Abacus Employment is a full service employment agency specializing in the placement of Sales, Sales Management, Hardware and Software Sales and Marketing professionals. We successfully provide only the top candidates to our client-companies on a national basis in most metropolitan areas throughout the United States Hiring right the first time is a bottom-line issue. Hiring someone on a permanent basis is a big decision for you and for the employee. So our staff has gotten very good at listening to your needs and then asking just the right questions to learn just what you have in mind and match it to the perfect candidate. We send the right candidates, not the most candidates! Abacus Employment 1800 Roswell Road Suite 3020 Marietta, Georgia 30062 (770) 509-2490 Immediate Openings! October 2007 770-509-2490 SALES Entry Level Technology Inside Sales Advertising Outside Sales Business Services Industrial Office Products ENTRY LEVEL New College Grads Sales EMPLOYERS Our Services Our 100 Day Guarantee Speak to a Recruiter CONTACT Speak to a Recruiter Directions A b a c u s E m p l o y m e n t A b a c u s E m p l o y m e n t

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32. Killing King Abacus Killing King abacus is a yearly publication of anarchist theory and action. The perspective is that of insurrectionary anarchism for relations without http://www.geocities.com/kk_abacus/

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33. Mathabacus.com - Learn How To Use The Abacus In Mathematics To Master Mental Ari Look at how the use of abacus is seamlessly integrated into the math curriculum for young kids to learn the art of mental arithmetic in their math classes. http://www.mathabacus.com/

Learn how to use an abacus to solve mathematical problems as a foundation to develop mental arithmetic skills. Get the books now! Home The Books Free Downloads Online Store Contact Us ... Links Last website update document.write(document.lastModified); Mathabacus.com is a content provider for abacus and mental arithmetic reference materials. Our books have been used by tens of thousands of students in Malaysia and many other countries and it has been regarded as the best abacus learning books for kids in the market. Schools, tuition centers, community centers, as well as homeschool parents around the world have started to use the materials featured on this web site. Due to huge response and demand from USA/Canada, we have appointed our sole distributor for North America. Visit Nurtureminds.com

34. Abacus Math Writer By Jpowered abacus MathWriter is a java standalone program that allows for the production of,Mathematical,Scientific, and Engineering equations and formulae. http://www.jpowered.com/mathwriter/

Abacus Math Writer Home Products Downloads Purchase Line Graph ... Download Trial Abacus Math Writer , v4.3 MathWriter is a stand-alone program that allows for the production of Mathematical, Scientific and Engineering equations and formulae. $ 49 Only Overview Schoolteachers, Lecturers and Students will find MathWriter useful for producing notes,reports,and test papers etc. The program is designed so that an expression may be written on the screen,and then translated into a bitmap image of required size. The image may then be subsequently imported to a Microsoft Word document as a "picture" or incorporated into a Web Page as an Image. Please Note: Currently Only available for the MS Windows platform.)

35. Construction Management Services, Construction Claim Consultants, Expert Witness abacus provides professional services to the construction industry regarding complex capital projects, including the resolution of claims and disputes. http://www.abacusengr.com/

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36. Abacus Farms Friesian Sporthorses Standing Friesian Stallion Uno Stallion Availa Friesian sporthorses breeder in Northern California. Standing the pure friesian stallions Ulrik and Uno. Outstanding foals for sale, both pure friesian and http://www.abacusfarms.com/

Contact Me Abacus Farms, located just north of Sacramento, California, stands the Friesian stallions Ulrik and Uno, We have foals for sale out of Friesian, Andalusian, Saddlebred, Throughbred, and Stonewall Sporthorse mares. Friesian stallion at stud Friesian stallion available for crossbreeding. Friesian sporthorse foals for sale. Click here to SIGN our Guestbook Visitors since November, 2001 Uno 2000 Friesian Stallion Holly Zech 7101 Pleasant Grove Rd Pleasant Grove CA 956568 hz@abacusfarms.com Breeding the finest Friesian Sporthorses in the USA! digitalmustang.org Click here for Horse Training with Susie Solomon, Uno's trainer This site last modified on Thursday December 20, 2007

37. Home - Abacus 21 Home abacus 21 develops and implements systems for the Hospitality Industry focusing on Clubs, Resorts, and HomeOwner Associations. http://www.abacus21.com/

Home Home About Us Our Products Great New Things ... Contact Us Abacus 21 Client Log-In Username: Password: Forgot your password? Site Search Upcoming Events HITEC-2008 Trade Show HFTP 2008 Conference New Things from Abacus 21 Frequently Asked Questions Testimonials Adobe Reader Download Signature Capture from Abacus 21: Signature-on-File for Members, Applicants, Guests, Staff Welcome to Abacus 21 Abacus 21 has developed and implemented systems for the Hospitality Industry for over 26 years focusing on Clubs, Resorts, and HomeOwner Associations Abacus 21... you can 'count on' us. HITEC 2008 Abacus 21 will be exhibiting at HITEC 2008 (the Hospitality Technology Show) in Austin Texas PGA Merchandise Show 2008 Abacus 21 had a super-successful Exhibit at the 2008 PGA Merchandise Show in Orlando (January 17-19, 2008). Happy New Year 2008 Abacus 21 wishes everyone a very Happy New Year. Abacus 21 closed December 24-25 for Christmas and December 31st and January 1st for New Years. Abacus 21 becomes an Authorized Dealer of TabletKiosk Abacus 21 has been certified as a VAR for TabletKiosk an Industry-Leader in Ultra-Mobile PC's that are used for Handheld POS. Abacus 21 will be Closed for the Thanksgiving Holiday Abacus 21 will be closed on Thursday, November 22nd and Friday, November 23rd for the Thanksgiving Day Holiday.

38. Gym Flooring, Sports Flooring, Rubber Flooring - Abacus Sports Installations abacus Sports Manufacturer and Installer of seamless rubber gym flooring including multipurpose flooring, sports flooring, equine surfacing and rubber http://www.abacussports.com/

Home Latest News Architect Specs Maintenance Info ... Contact Us Products/Solutions Gymnasiums Weight Rooms Rubber Pavers Equine Systems ... Synthetic Floor Systems Recycled Rubber Flooring Rubber Flooring Rubber Floors Gym Flooring Gym Floors Sports Flooring Sports Floors Fitness Flooring Fitness Floors WELCOME TO ABACUS SPORTS INSTALLATIONS Manufacturer and Installer of Gym Flooring, Sports Flooring and Rubber Flooring Abacus Sports Installations installs various types of sports surfacing for gymnasiums, running tracks, tennis courts, weight rooms and athletic locker rooms. In addition to sports surfaces, we install synthetic rubber flooring for playgrounds, store fronts and horse stables. Our list of references includes schools, corporations, government and private institutions. Abacus Sports specializes in the supply and installation of synthetic sports flooring and gym flooring on a national/international basis. Specifically our Padenpor sandwich system which is made up of the most durable, highest quality materials. Thank you for visiting our site. It is our hope that you will take a moment to learn more about us. It is our goal to provide our clients with the ultimate level of satisfaction. No matter how large or small, each individual client is important to us.

39. Bradenton Web Design, Sarasota Web Site Design Bradenton web design, Sarasota custom web site design by abacus Web Services. Web site design, website hosting based in Bradenton, ecommerce Sarasota, http://www.abacuswebservices.com/

Home.. Today, everyone has a web site. It’s difficult to compete when so many others are trying to do the same thing. For the millions of web surfers out there, your web design is their first impression of your business and your credibility. Read: Why should your business have a web site? Join Our Mailing List Email: Are you confident that your web site can rise above the millions of others out there jarring for the consumers’ attention? What are the odds that a visitor will stay long enough to see for themselves how valuable your products and/or services are? Unfortunately, regardless of the quality and value of your service or product, if your web site is slow, poorly-written, difficult to navigate, or hard on the eyes, there is virtually no chance a visitor will stay long enough to investigate further. Why bother when another, more professional, site is only a finger click away? Make Your Business Competitive ( See Our Portfolio Show your potential customers that your business is credible and the services and/or products offered are worthy of their time and money. You cannot accomplish this without a powerful web site to showcase your business. Today, many sites remain competitive with stunning copy, flash-enabling, e-commerce, and eye-catching graphics and text. This is our specialty.

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