1. Electromagnetism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field : a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge , and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. A changing magnetic field produces an electric field (this is the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction , the basis of operation for electrical generators induction motors , and transformers ). Similarly, a changing electric field generates a magnetic field. Because of this interdependence of the electric and magnetic fields, it makes sense to consider them as a single coherent entity - the electromagnetic field. The magnetic field is produced by the motion of electric charges , i.e. electric current . The magnetic field causes the magnetic force associated with magnets The theoretical implications of electromagnetism led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in Contents History The electromagnetic force Classical electrodynamics The photoelectric effect ... edit History While preparing for an evening lecture on 21 April 1820

2. Electromagnetism electromagnetism describes the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Nearly everyone, at some time or another, has had the opportunity to play http://www.eas.asu.edu/~holbert/wise/electromagnetism.htm

Electromagnetism What is Electromagnetism? Electromagnetism describes the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Nearly everyone, at some time or another, has had the opportunity to play with magnets. Most of us are acquainted with bar magnets or those thin magnets that usually end up on refrigerators. These magnets are known as permanent magnets. Although permanent magnets receive a lot of exposure, we use and depend on electromagnets much more in our everyday lives. Electromagnetism is essentially the foundation for all of electrical engineering. We use electromagnets to generate electricity, store memory on our computers, generate pictures on a television screen, diagnose illnesses, and in just about every other aspect of our lives that depends on electricity. Electromagnetism works on the principle that an electric current through a wire generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field is the same force that makes metal objects stick to permanent magnets. In a bar magnet, the magnetic field runs from the north to the south pole. In a wire, the magnetic field forms around the wire. If we wrap that wire around a metal object, we can often magnetize that object. In this way, we can create an electromagnet. Experiments Involving Electromagnetism In order to find out more about electromagnetism, and do an experiment of your own, click on one of the pictures below. Try making your own:

3. Electromagnetism General electromagnetic theory, including static field equations, the origins of inductance, and EMR. http://www.mariner.connectfree.co.uk/html/electromagnetism.html

Electromagnetism Home Electromagnetic Inertia Have you ever thought “If an electron induces a magnetic field when it moves, and magnetic fields contains energy, where does the energy to create this field come from?” Click here to find out more about Electromagnetic Inertia. Electrostatic Potential Energy The starting point for all electrostatic interactions is that between two point electric charges such as two electrons, or between a positron and an electron. In the 19th century scientists did not understand the interaction, and invented the concept of “potential energy” to provide the force that drove these particles together or apart. It was only when Einstein developed the equivalence of mass and energy that the true source of the energy became apparent. You are probably familiar with the concept that electric fields contain energy and it is the interaction between the fields of the two charges that leads to changes in their energy and hence to the forces between them, energy being simply the integral of force over distance. This paper develops the equations for the interaction at any point in space near the charges, without recourse to “potential energy”. Click here to view the paper on electrostatic fields and the associated potential energy.

4. Electromagnetism - Succeed In Physical Science: School For Champions Explanation of how electromagnetism is created Succeed in Physical Science School for Champions. http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/electromagnetism.htm

The School for Champions is an educational website that shows you how to achieve your dreams. Search site SfC Home Physical Science Explanation of how Electromagnetism is created - Succeed in Physical Science. Also refer to physics, magnetism, electromagnet, magnet, electricity, electrons, AC, DC, forces, compass, poles, iron, battery, Tesla, gauss, Ron Kurtus, School for Champions. Electromagnetism by Ron Kurtus (revised 3 April 2005) An electromagnet is an object that acts like a magnet, but its magnetic force is created and controlled by electricitythus the name electromagnet . By wrapping insulated wire around a piece of iron and then running electrical current through the wire, the iron becomes magnetized. This happens because a magnetic field is created around a wire when it has electrical current running through it. Creating a coil of wire concentrates the field. Wrapping the wire around an iron core greatly increases the strength of the magnetic field. Questions you may have include: How can you make an electromagnet?

5. Chapter 2: Electromagnetism For more information on electromagnetism, see the Recommended Reading section. Order super magnets here. Del.icio.us http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/electro/electro.html

Scitoys.com Ingredients Science Blog Science Toys ... Build a digital thermometer A motor in 10 minutes Back in the 1960's my father taught me how to make the little electric motor we will make here. Sometime in the 1980's I saw a description of it in the magazine "Physics Teacher". Lately I have seen it described as Beakman's motor, after the science oriented TV show on which it recently appeared. The motor is simply a battery, a magnet, and a small coil of wire you make yourself. There is a secret to making it (which I will of course share with you) which is at the same time clever and delightfully simple. What you will need: A battery holder, such as Radio Shack #270-402 (holds a "C" cell) or #270-403 (holds a "D" cell). A battery to fit the holder. A magnet such as Radio Shack #64-1877, #64-1895, #64-1883, #64-1879, or #64-1888. Some magnet wire such as Radio Shack #278-1345. We want enamel coated 22 gauge (or thicker) wire. We will only need about a yard of wire, so the Radio Shack package will make a dozen motors or more. Some heavier wire such as Radio Shack #278-1217 or #278-1216. We want bare wire of 18 or 20 gauge, so we will be removing the plastic insulation from the wires listed above. We will need less than a foot of this wire per motor.

6. Electromagnetism The electromagnetic force causes likecharged things to repel and oppositely-charged things to attract. Many everyday forces, such as friction, http://particleadventure.org/frameless/electromagnetism.html

What Holds it Together? Electromagnetism The electromagnetic force causes like-charged things to repel and oppositely-charged things to attract. Many everyday forces, such as friction, and even magnetism, are caused by the electromagnetic, or E-M force. For instance, the force that keeps you from falling through the floor is the electromagnetic force which causes the atoms making up the matter in your feet and the floor to resist being displaced. The carrier particle of the electromagnetic force is the photon ). Photons of different energies span the electromagnetic spectrum of x rays, visible light, radio waves, and so forth. Photons have zero mass, as far as we know, and always travel at the "speed of light", c, which is about 300,000,000 meters per second, or 186,000 miles per second, in a vacuum.

7. Teaching Electromagnetism Using Advanced Technologies: John W. Belcher MIT Michael Faraday was the first to realize that the shape of electromagnetic field lines is extraordinarily expressive of their dynamical effects. http://web.mit.edu/jbelcher/www/anim.html

Teaching Electromagnetism Using Advanced Technologies This is an early site. Our animations have gotten much much MUCH better. Go to this link for our later material. Animations created using Discreet's 3D Studio MAX This work is supported by NSF Grant #9950380 , an MIT Class of 1960 Fellowship, The Helena Foundation, the MIT Classes of 51 and 55 Funds for Educational Excellence, the MIT School of Science Educational Initiative Awards, and MIT Academic Computing. Faraday's Law (3.3 Meg QT) and Creating A Dipole (3.0 Meg QT) A Paper On The Mathematics Of These Animations A Description of the TEAL/Studio Project at MIT (pdf file) Michael Faraday was the first to realize that the shape of electromagnetic field lines is extraordinarily expressive of their dynamical effects. We can understand intuitively many things about the forces transmitted by the fields by looking at the topology of the field lines. This is especially true when the field lines are animated. The examples given here are only a few of many (if you do not have a movie player, download QuickTime 3 to view both avi and quicktime files) Experiments and Animations: Faraday's Law Electrostatics Radiation Magnetostatics ... , Developer) Physics and mathematics by Professors John Belcher and Stanislaw Olbert. 3D modeling/animations and Physics demonstrations by Mark Bessette. MAX scripting by Larry Minton.

8. VRML Gallery Of Electromagnetism (by Rob Salgado) Syracuse University VRML Gallery of electromagnetism. http://physics.syr.edu/courses/vrml/electromagnetism/

http://physics.syr.edu/courses/vrml/electromagnetism/ Module Content Last modified: 12 Oct 1996 Homepage Last modified: Sat Aug 18 17:50:07 2001 VRML Browser links updated: Apr 27 2006 VRML 2.0 VRML 1.0-gz VRML 1.0 VRML Gallery of Electromagnetism Rob Salgado (salgado@physics.syr.edu) Ampere's Law anim (255 kb) Assorted anim (940 kb) A line-integral (166 kb) These pages are some of my attempts to visualize the vector fields (actually differential forms) of electromagnetism. These images are inspired by the works of the authors in my references. i have updated these links These visualizations require a VRML-enabled browser. more VRML browsers best viewed with CosmoPlayer information from Karmanaut CosmoPlayer at NIST CosmoPlayer installation advice or WorldView or Blaxxun or Cortona or my new favorite: GLView (Mac: Zaptech BeOS: Breeze Linux et al... build your own: OVAL With help from Sun's Java3D Try this new Shout3D version of my Electric Dipole Since September 30, 1996, you are visitor number Addition Addition: Vector Addition: 1-Form Addition: 2-Form Wedge Product Wedge Product: Vector/Bivector Wedge Product: 1-Form/2-Form Raising and Lowering of Indices Raising and Lowering: Vector/1-Form Raising and Lowering: Bivector/2-form Unit Vectors x-hat y-hat z-hat r-hat Charged Point (Coulomb) Charged Point: Electric Vector Charged Point: Electric 1-form Charged Point: Electric twisted 2-form (vector density) Two Charged Points Two Charged Points: Electric Vector Two Charged Points: Electric 1-form Two Charged Points: Electric twisted 2-form (vector density) Charged Dipole

9. Electromagnetism We are now in a position which will allow us, at least qualitatively, to describe the origins of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with atoms http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/physical/mi_5.html

5 Electromagnetism 5.1 Magnetism So far we have discussed the forces between charges which are at rest with respect to each other. When charges are moving relative to each other they exert an additional force, the magnetic force. This force, as we will see later, plays a negligible role in inter atomic and intermolecular bonding. However, the effect of magnetic fields on atoms and molecules is used widely in all manner of spectroscopies, and we will need to appreciate magnetic behaviour in order to understand the interaction of light and other electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules. 5.1.1 The Lorentz Force Magnetic materials were discovered well before the electrostatic effects of rubbing amber. The magnetic iron oxide, magnetite, was mined in Asia Minor well before the birth of Christ, indeed by about 100 BC the Chinese had already discovered that such minerals would align with the north and south poles. By the beginning of the 19th Century it was known that such bar magnets would repel if like poles were facing each other and attract if the poles were of the opposite sense, and the similarities with the behaviour of electric charges had for some time interested scientists of the time. They made the following observations * the force is proportional to the magnitude and sign of the charge on the particle * the force is proportional to the velocity of the charged particle * the force is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field * the magnitude of the force depends on the relative orientation between the line of flight and the direction of the magnetic field

10. MSci Electromagnetism : Lecture Notes Lecture notes introduce the essential elements of classical electromagnetism, covering Maxwell s equations, electromagnetic waves, radiation and scattering, http://www.strings.ph.qmw.ac.uk/~bill/emt/LecNotes.html

Lecture Notes The following notes (in PDF format) summarise the course. More detailed discussion of this material will be presented in the lectures, and the course of the lectures may not follow exactly that of the notes. Lecture Notes 7 and 8 will be covered in one week. There will be some revision of these notes during the 2006/7 course in order to match the lectures more closely. Lecture Notes 1 : Historical background, vector calculus, Maxwell's equations, energy and momentum. Magnetic monopoles. Lecture Notes 2 : Linear media, polarisation and magnetisation, Maxwell's equations in matter, boundary conditions, energy and momentum, the Clausius-Mossotti relation, solved problems. Lecture Notes 3 : Plane waves, polarisation, dispersion, the Kramers-Kronig relations. Lecture Notes 4 : Scalar and vector potentials, the inhomogeneous wave equation, the delta function, the Green function. Lecture Notes 5 : Radiation from a generalised localised source, electric dipole radiation, magnetic dipole radiation and higher order terms, radiation from an antenna. Lecture Notes 6 : Scattering, scattering from a small scatterer, many scatterers, scattering from the sky, the Born approximation, Rayleigh's explanation for the blue sky, critical opalescence, the optical theorem.

11. Electromagnetism Authors web pages for the textbook electromagnetism , by GL Pollack and DR Stump, published by AddisonWesley. http://www.pa.msu.edu/~stump/EM/

Electromagnetism by G L Pollack and D R Stump Published by Addison Wesley The site contains free materials supplementary to the textbook, including chapter summaries, useful tables, self-test questions and answers, and some additional items. To read the files you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader. Useful Tables Vector derivatives in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates Vector identities Physical constants and other quantities The Maxwell equations and other equations of electromagnetism ... Acknowledgement of Reviewers The authors Dan Stump stump@pa.msu.edu Jerry Pollack pollack@pa.msu.edu

12. Electromagnetism --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on electromagnetism science of charge and of the forces and fields associated with charge. Electricity and magnetism http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106021/electromagnetism

var britAdCategory = "other"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Fundamentals Coulomb's law Principle of charge conservation Electric fields and forces ... Formulation of the quantitative laws of electrostatics and magnetostatics Foundations of electrochemistry and electrodynamics Development of the battery Experimental and theoretical studies of electromagnetic phenomena Faraday's discovery of electric induction Maxwell's unified theory of electromagnetism ... Print this Table of Contents Linked Articles light bulb Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. electromagnetism Page 1 of 24 science of charge and of the forces and fields associated with charge. Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of electromagnetism.

13. Electromagnetism - Lostpedia electromagnetism broadly refers to the phenomena and properties of electric and magnetic fields. Many events occur on the Island that ostensibly are caused http://www.lostpedia.com/wiki/Electromagnetism

Lost Season 4 Return Countdown: Electromagnetism From Lostpedia Jump to: navigation search A fan-made chart comparing the magnetic field strengths on the Island Electromagnetism is one area studied by the DHARMA Initiative (as stated in the Swan Orientation Film Electromagnetism broadly refers to the phenomena and properties of electric and magnetic fields. Many events occur on the Island that ostensibly are caused by electromagnetic phenomena, especially those connected to the Swan Magnetic fields are invisible, tasteless, odorless, and can be nearly unperceivable without instruments. Because of this, it can be difficult to attribute a causal relation between magnetism and a given event on LOST. Furthermore, many of these events cannot be explained through purely scientific terms. Contents Electromagnetism on the Island Disruption of magnetic North The crash of Oceanic Flight 815 Difficulties in broadcast communication ... Unanswered questions Electromagnetism on the Island The Island exhibits a number of unique anomalies suggestive of magnetic phenomena. The cause and exact nature of these anomalies is presently unknown. It is suggested that they are inherent to the Island, as Kelvin Inman claims in " Live Together, Die Alone

14. Electromagnetism : MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM electromagnetism. The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity was, like so many other scientific discoveries, stumbled upon almost http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_14/2.html

Hilite.elementid = "main"; All About Circuits Volume I - DC Volume II - AC Volume III - Semiconductors ... Sitemap Search this site Table of Contents: Permanent magnets Electromagnetism Magnetic units of measurement Permeability and saturation ... PDF var addthis_pub = 'GFYGCMPH6Z132X8G'; Volume I - DC MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM Electromagnetism The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity was, like so many other scientific discoveries, stumbled upon almost by accident. The Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted was lecturing one day in 1820 on the possibility of electricity and magnetism being related to one another, and in the process demonstrated it conclusively by experiment in front of his whole class! By passing an electric current through a metal wire suspended above a magnetic compass, Oersted was able to produce a definite motion of the compass needle in response to the current. What began as conjecture at the start of the class session was confirmed as fact at the end. Needless to say, Oersted had to revise his lecture notes for future classes! His serendipitous discovery paved the way for a whole new branch of science: electromagnetics. Detailed experiments showed that the magnetic field produced by an electric current is always oriented perpendicular to the direction of flow. A simple method of showing this relationship is called the

15. Electromagnetism - Definition From The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Definition of electromagnetism from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electromagnetism

Home Visit Our Sites Unabridged Dictionary Learner's Dictionary ... Contact Us Also Visit: Unabridged Encyclopedia Britannica Visual ESL: Learner's for Kids: Spell It! Word Central Dictionary Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Search "electromagnetism" in: Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Dictionary Open Dictionary Browse words next to: electromagnetism Browse the Dictionary: A B C D ... Z electromagnetism One entry found. electromagnetism Main Entry: Pronunciation: Function: noun Date:  magnetism developed by a current of electricity 2 a electromagnetic force gravity strong force weak force b  a branch of physical science that deals with the physical relations between electricity and magnetism Learn more about "electromagnetism" and related topics at Britannica.com Pronunciation Symbols Products Premium Services ... Advertising Info

16. Crank Dot Net | Electromagnetism My first article appeared when I was 22, in the November 1994 issue of Electronics World, on electromagnetic pulse. Later I corresponded with Electronics http://www.crank.net/em.html

Nigel Cook 2005 Dec 06 gravitation Big Bang physics electromagnetism ... September 11 "My first article appeared when I was 22, in the November 1994 issue of Electronics World, on electromagnetic pulse. Later I corresponded with Electronics World writer Ivor Catt on electromagnetism. Catt?s drive was motivated by a life saving discovery on computer cross-talk glitches. He had discovered a way to avert computer crashes completely in air traffic control systems while speeding them up sufficiently to spot potential collisions or terrorist activity automatically, and a version of his earlier computer wafer scale innovation had successfully come to market. His problem was that ?popular physics? authors were flooding the media with hype about backward time travel, 10 dimensional strings, parallel universes and Kaku flying saucer speculation, and were obviously lying that such unpopular non-testable guesses were science. A-level physics uptake falls by 4% per year!" A New Light in Physics 2005 May 04 electromagnetism particle physics Einstein was wrong "The book presents a set of new splendid theories about light, the elementary particles and the basic forces of nature. The new theories are coherent with Classical Physics, Quantum Physics and the De Broglie relation. Some of today's main theories are corrected, others are assumed wrong like Relativity. The real structure of light, photons, electrons, and neutrinos is revealed. The mystery of ?wave-particle duality' is solved! The experiments of Michelson-Morley, Davisson-Germer, Kaufmann, Hertz and Fizeau are analyzed with a new point of view. All this presented in a very concise, precise and simple style."

17. Electromagnetism electromagnetic force, a longrange force involving the electric and magnetic properties of elementary particles. It is responsible for the repulsion of http://www.neutron.anl.gov/hyper-physics/electrom.html

electromagnetic force , a long-range force involving the electric and magnetic properties of elementary particles . It is responsible for the repulsion of like and attraction of unlike electric charges and explains atomic structure and the properties of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Two point charges will attract or repel each other according to Coulomb's law with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: F=C·q ·q /r The electromagnetic interaction is mediated, or carried, by photons . Because its effects can be easily observed, electromagnetism is the most thoroughly studied and best understood of the four fundamental forces of nature . The same laws that govern electromagnetism on the subatomic scale also apply on a large scale in motors, generators, and electronic equipment. A moving electric charge gives rise to a magnetic field, and if its motion changes the magnetic field varies and in turn produces an electric field; this is the origin of electromagnetic radiation.

18. MIT OpenCourseWare | Electrical Engineering And Computer Science | 6.635 Advance This course features lecture notes and some MATLAB® demonstrations which help to illustrate the principles of electromagnetism. http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-635Advan

skip to content Home Courses Donate ... Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Advanced Electromagnetism 6.635 Advanced Electromagnetism Spring 2003 Maxwell's equations. (Image courtesy of MIT OCW.) Course Highlights lecture notes Course Description In 6.635, topics covered include: special relativity, electrodynamics of moving media, waves in dispersive media, microstrip integrated circuits, quantum optics, remote sensing, radiative transfer theory, scattering by rough surfaces, effective permittivities, random media, Green's functions for planarly layered media, integral equations in electromagnetics, method of moments, time domain method of moments, EM waves in periodic structures: photonic crystals and negative refraction. Technical Requirements Media player software, such as , or , is required to run the .mpeg files found on this course site. The latest version of can be used to run the .mp4 files in this section. Staff Instructor: Prof. Jin Au Kong Course Meeting Times Lectures: Two sessions / week 1.5 hours / session

19. Chapter 2: Electromagnetism Make a simple Van de Graaff generator with common household materials. http://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/electro/electro6.html

Building an electric motor in 10 minutes. The single brush motor. A bigger motor. The double brush improvement. ... A railgun in 10 minutes A simple homemade Van de Graaff generator In the previous two projects, we stole high voltage from a television set to power our high voltage motors. In this project we will build a device that can generate 12,000 volts from an empty soda can and a rubber band. The device is called a Van de Graaff generator. Science museums and research facilities have large versions that generate potentials in the hundreds of thousands of volts. Ours is more modest, but is still capable of drawing 1/2 inch sparks from the soda can to my finger. The spark is harmless, and similar to the jolt you get from a doorknob after scuffing your feet on the carpet. To build the toy, you need: An empty soda can A small nail A rubber band, 1/4 inch by 3 or 4 inches A 5x20 millimeter GMA-Type electrical fuse (such as Radio Shack #270-1062) A small DC motor (such as Radio Shack #273-223) A battery clip (Radio Shack #270-324) A battery holder (Radio Shack #270-382) A styrofoam cup (a paper cup will also work) A hot glue gun (or regular glue if you don't mind waiting) Two 6 inch long stranded electrical wires (such as from an extension cord) Two pieces of 3/4 inch PVC plumbing pipe, each about 2 or 3 inches long

20. Classical Electromagnetism: An Intermediate Level Course A complete set of lecture notes for an upperdivision electromagnetism course. The course concentrates on the derivation, properties, and uses of Maxwell s http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/em/em.html

Classical Electromagnetism: An intermediate level course A complete set of lecture notes for an upper-division electromagnetism course. The course concentrates on the derivation, properties, and uses of Maxwell's equations. Topics covered include electrostatics, dielectric and magnetic media, magnetic induction, electromagnetic energy and momentum, the emission, scattering, and propagation of electromagnetic radiation, and the relativistic formulation of the laws of electromagnetism. A primer on vector algebra, vector calculus, and vector field theory is also included. The lecture notes are availible in one format: [HTML] A fully hyperlinked HTML document. A book based on these lectures notes, entitled Maxwell's Equations and the Principles of Electromagnetism , is now available from Infinity Science Press, Hingham, MA. (ISBN: 978-1-934015-20-9) Click here to get list of other courses available on this site. Richard Fitzpatrick Last modified: Thu Feb 21 15:41:55 CST 2008

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