81. Snakes Vault Past Toxic Newts In Evolutionary Arms Race Roughskinned newts harbor in their skin massive doses of the same deadly toxin found in blowfish. Garter snakes that dine on the newts have evolved http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080311075326.htm

Science News Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark Snakes Vault Past Toxic Newts In Evolutionary Arms Race ScienceDaily (Mar. 13, 2008) See also: Frogs and Reptiles Animals Invasive Species Evolutionary Biology ... Garter snake The snakes have evolved resistance to the blowfish poison, tetrodotoxin (TTX), by preying on rough-skinned newts, which also secrete the toxin. Some newts are so poisonous that they harbor enough TTX to kill a roomful of adult humans. Why would a small animal produce such an excessive amount of poison? The answer lies in the evolutionary back-and-forth between newts and garter snakes. Throughout much of their shared territory, newts and snakes have been locked in a kind of arms race: TTX-resistant snakes cause natural selection to favor ever-more poisonous newts, and the new-and-improved newts drive selection for higher resistance in snakes. In a new study Charles Hanifin, a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford's Hopkins Marine Station, and his co-authors say that snakes in some areas may have prevailed in the evolutionary arms race between predator and prey. Surprisingly, snakes in several geographic locations have developed such extreme resistance to TTX that newt production of the toxin cannot keep up. Most toxic amphibians in the world Some populations of newts produce enough TTX to kill thousands of mice or 10 to 20 humans. Ounce for ounce, Hanifin said, they are even more toxic than South America's famed poison dart frogs.

82. Evolutionary Design By Computers evolutionary Design by Computers offers an enticing preview of the future of computeraided design Design by Darwin. - Lawrence J. Fogel, President, http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/P.Bentley/evdes.html

"Evolutionary Design by Computers offers an enticing preview of the future of computer-aided design: Design by Darwin." - Lawrence J. Fogel, President, Natural Selection, Inc. "Evolutionary design by computers is the major revolution in design thinking of the 20th century and this book is the best introduction available" - Professor John Frazer "Peter Bentley has assembled and edited an important collection of papers that demonstrate, convincingly, the utility of evolutionary computation for engineering solutions to complex problems in design." - David B. Fogel, Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation Extra Downloads! Ordering Information Official Web site (download chapter 1!) Some of the most startling achievements in the use of computers to automate design are being accomplished by the use of evolutionary search algorithms to evolve designs. Evolutionary Design By Computers provides a showcase of the best and most original work of the leading international experts in Evolutionary Computation, Engineering Design, Computer Art, and Artificial Life. By bringing together the highest achievers in these fields for the first time, including a foreword by Richard Dawkins, this book provides the definitive coverage of significant developments in Evolutionary Design. The book explores the related sub-areas of Evolutionary Design, such as:

83. Ecology And Evolutionary Biology, Brown University Offers undergraduate courses and a graduate PhD program. http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/

Independent research begins early in the graduate program, which is designed to prepare students for careers in research and higher education. Each student develops a flexible course of preparation individually arranged to meet his or her specific needs. In addition to course work, students receive much of their training through seminars and colloquia.Seminars each semester address topics of particular interest to current graduate students, and weekly colloquia in each of the graduate programs on campus give students contact with visiting scientists from a wide variety of disciplines. Seminars Departmental Newsletters Brown/Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) Institutional Partnership Program Environmental Change Initiative (ECI) ... Current Faculty Searches (no current open searches) Anatomical Gift Program The Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology is centered in Walter Hall and is a closely knit academic family that currently includes 15 faculty members, 26 graduate students, and 12 postdoctoral associates. This small size gives our students the opportunity to interact in a personal and flexible program tailored for students within whole-organism biology, while resources in the other graduate programs on campus simultaneously give students the advantage of a large program. Campus-wide, there are over 25 faculty and 35 graduate students with active interests in organismal biology, addressing problems at all levels of organization.

84. Evolutionary Life evolutionary Life is an emagazine for those of us inspired by sacred, meaningful understandings of the evolutionary story of the universe. http://www.evolutionarylife.org/

85. EVOLUTIONARY WORLD POLITICS HOMEPAGE This page is a startingoff point for students, and a resource for specialists, in the ongoing discussions about evolutionary approaches to the study of http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/

Evolution of global politics Globalization Democratization Coevolution of global politics and economics ... Contact information Page contents: Welcome to the Evolutionary World Politics Homepage This page is a starting-off point for students, and a resource for specialists, in the ongoing discussions about evolutionary approaches to the study of world politics. The emphasis throughout is on describing, analyzing, and explaining long-term, institutional, global change The site was conceived, and is operated, by George Modelski, Professor of Political Science Emeritus, University of Washington. Please use the menu bar on your left to navigate this site. If you have any questions or comments, please click here What is evolutionary world politics? What is evolutionary world politics? An introductory essay on the study of evolutionary world politics. The evolutionary analogy Beyond analogy : evolutionary principles serving as a generalized theoretical framework (August 2006).. Send mail to: modelski@u.washington.edu

86. Evolutionary Psychology Papers on evolutionary Psychology. http://www.mgmt.utoronto.ca/~evans/evol/wpevol.htm

Papers on Evolutionary Psychology You may click on some of these to view the paper Have auditors evolved? On the detection of cheating and altruism Cheating and altruism: A methodological critique of Cosmides' procedures Slides for my talk at the British Psychological Society, April 4th 1997 at Edinburgh. In preparation: 1. Information in the Wason task: A further look. In Press: 1. Cheater Detection and Altruistic Behaviour: An experimental and Methodological Exploration. Managerial and Decision Economics , in press. These may be obtained from: Martin G. Evans. Professor of Organizational Behaviour Joseph L. Rotman School of Management University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3E6 Ontario Canada e-mail: Evans@fmgmt.mgmt.utoronto.ca

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