21. Probability probability is a wonderful subject to teach! There are so many activities for teaching concepts, puzzles and problems with nonintuitive answers and a http://exploringdata.cqu.edu.au/probabil.htm

On the Side P robability Activities Unders and Overs You can't accumulate unless you speculate. A Special Set of Dice You can win lots of money with these dice! The Monty Hall Puzzle One of the world's great puzzles. Prisoner! Can you release your prisoners first? STEPS Tutorial Interactive computer-based tutorials Worksheets Dice Difference A Dice-Free Worksheet See! Problems in context! Calculate! Real probabilities! Websites Chance and Basic Probability , from the Hobart Mercury newspaper. Probability is a wonderful subject to teach! There are so many activities for teaching concepts, puzzles and problems with non-intuitive answers and a variety of contexts for the exercises. This page contains a small collection Unders and Overs Now having thrown out that challenge, the first activity I am going to suggest to you involves dice! But here the dice are being used in the context of a once popular gambling game and not as a dry as toast exercise with little relevance. Unders and Overs was once a popular game at school fetes in Queensland. It was illegal, as was all gambling, but people turned a blind eye as the money raised went to a school. I have used this activity in the past, but not with the flair that Bill Simpson demonstrated at a Fun of Mathematics night at the University of Queensland.

22. Percent And Probability Using percent, interest, discounts and basic probability. Brought to you by Math League Multimedia. http://www.mathleague.com/help/percent/percent.htm

Percent and Probability Percent What is a percent? Percent as a fraction Percent as a decimal Estimating percents ... Percent discount Chances and probability What is an event? Possible outcomes of an event Probability Math Contests School League Competitions Contest Problem Books Challenging, fun math practice Educational Software Comprehensive Learning Tools Visit the Math League What is a Percent? A percent is a ratio of a number to 100. A percent can be expressed using the percent symbol %. Example: 10 percent or 10% are both the same, and stand for the ratio 10:100. Percent as a fraction A percent is equivalent to a fraction with denominator 100. Example: 5% of something = 5/100 of that thing. Example: 2 1/2% is equal to what fraction? Answer: Example: 52% most nearly equals which one of 1/2, 1/4, 2, 8, or 1/5? Answer: 52% = 52/100. This is very close to 50/100, or 1/2. Example: 13/25 is what %? Alternatively, we could say: Let 13/25 be n %, and let us find n . Then 13/25 = n n , so 25 n n n n Example: 8/200 is what %?

23. Applied Probability Journals Journal of Applied probability and Advances in Applied probability. Applied probability Trust. Contents from 1995. http://www.apt.group.shef.ac.uk/ap.html

A PPLIED PROBABILITY TRUS T Applied Probability Journals Journal of Applied Probability Advances in Applied Probability Co-Editors-in-Chief: C. C. Heyde (Australian National University and Columbia University) S. Asmussen (Aarhus Universitet) For nearly four decades, the Journal of Applied Probability and Advances in Applied Probability have provided a forum for original research and reviews in applied probability, mapping the development of probability theory and its applications to physical, biological and medical, social and technological problems. Their wide audience includes leading researchers in the many fields where stochastic models are used, including operations research, telecommunications, computer engineering, epidemiology, financial mathematics, information systems and traffic management. Advances in Applied Probability highlights stochastic geometry and its statistical applications in a dedicated section of the journal. Notes for contributors. Both the Journal of Applied Probability and Advances in Applied Probability are available online through Project Euclid , contact Sue Boyles (email s.c.boyles@sheffield.ac.uk

24. Probability Central Main Page Download Learning Section probability Calculator PowerPoint Animation. Any questions or comments should be addressed to tq199711506@advanced.org http://library.thinkquest.org/11506/

D/L Learning Section Probability Calculator PowerPoint Presentation Other Links ... [PowerPoint Animation] Any questions or comments should be addressed to tq1997-11506@advanced.org

25. Probability Games Note probability is a funny thing. Don t expect the numbers from trials to exactly match the predicted resultsespecially if you run only a few trials. http://www.betweenwaters.com/probab/probab.html

Probability Games Have a little fun while exploring the concepts of probability. Coin Flip . Toss a virtual quarter. Heads or tails? Explain Play Dice Roll . Roll the virtual dice. Which numbers are most likely? Explain Play Key Problem . Contestants try to pick the winning key. Does order matter? Explain Play Monty Hall Puzzle . A contestant picks a door which may hide a car or a goat. The host offers a switch. Would you take it? Explain Play Coin Game . A more complicated game with coins. Are the odds against you? Explain Play Probability Results Report lets you peruse the historical results from all the probability games. Note : Probability is a funny thing. Don't expect the numbers from trials to exactly match the predicted resultsespecially if you run only a few trials. As you run more trials the numbers should tend to get closer to the predictions. After a couple of hundred runs, you should see results that are at least vaguely close to expectations. However, even after thousands of runs you might still see some anomalies. Back to Between Waters

26. JSTOR: The Annals Of Applied Probability The Annals of Applied probability publishes research papers of the highest quality reflecting the many facets of contemporary applied probability. http://www.jstor.org/journals/10505164.html

RESOURCES FOR LIBRARIANS RESOURCES FOR PUBLISHERS PARTICIPATION INFORMATION The Annals of Applied Probability JSTOR Coverage: Vols. 1 - 14, 1991-2004 JSTOR Collections: Please read JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use before you begin. Search This Journal Browse This Journal Journal Information for The Annals of Applied Probability Publisher Institute of Mathematical Statistics Moving Wall The Annals of Applied Probability publishes research papers of the highest quality reflecting the many facets of contemporary applied probability. Primary emphasis is placed on importance and originality. The Annals of Applied Probability has two over-riding criteria for publishing of papers, other than formal correctness and coherence. These are: (a) that the results in the paper should be genuinely applied or applicable; and (b) that the paper should make a serious contribution to the mathematical theory of probability, or in some other sense carry a substantial level of probabilistic innovation, or be likely to stimulate such innovation. Fundamentally, we seek a broad spectrum of papers which intellectually enriches our profession, and which illustrate the ways in which probabilistic thinking has a role in solving real applied problems, interpreted in a wide sense.

27. Probability Surveys probability Surveys publishes survey articles in theoretical and applied probability. The style of articles may range from reviews of recent research to http://www.i-journals.org/ps/

Home Current Past volumes About ... PS Home Vol. 4 (2007) open journal systems Probability Surveys publishes survey articles in theoretical and applied probability. The style of articles may range from reviews of recent research to graduate textbook exposition. Articles may be broad or narrow in scope. The essential requirements are a well specified topic and target audience, together with clear exposition. Probability Surveys is sponsored by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and by the Bernoulli Society articles A survey of random processes with reinforcement Abstract PDF Robin Pemantle Pages: 1-79 Brownian excursion area, Wright's constants in graph enumeration, and other Brownian areas Abstract PDF Svante Janson Pages: 80-145 Notes on the occupancy problem with infinitely many boxes: General asymptotics and power laws Abstract PDF Alexander V. Gnedin, Ben Hansen and Jim Pitman Pages: 146-171 Pseudo-maximization and self-normalized processes Abstract PDF Victor H. de la Pe±a, Michael J. Klass and Tze-Leung Lai Pages: 172-192 Martingale proofs of many-server heavy-traffic limits for Markovian queues Abstract PDF Guodong Pang, Rishi Talreja and Ward Whitt

28. AN INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY Measuring probabilities by means of a calibration experiment Interpreting odds Constructing a probability table by listing outcomes. http://www-math.bgsu.edu/~albert/m115/probability/outline.html

AN INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY What is a probability? the relative frequency view the subjective view Measuring probabilities by means of a calibration experiment ... PROBABILITY ACTIVITIES Page Author: Jim Albert (c) albert@bayes.bgsu.edu Document: http://www-math.bgsu.edu/~albert/m115/probability/outline.html Last Modified: November 24, 1996

29. Annals Of Probability The Annals of probability publishes research papers in modern probability theory, its relations to other areas of mathematics, and its applications in the http://www.imstat.org/aop/

Editorial Board Editorial Policy Contacts Electronic Access ... Other IMS Journals Annals of Probability The Annals of Probability publishes research papers in modern probability theory, its relations to other areas of mathematics, and its applications in the physical and biological sciences. Emphasis is on importance, interest, and originality - formal novelty and correctness are not sufficient for publication. The Annals will also publish authoritative review papers and surveys of areas in vigorous development. Editorial Board Editor Gregory F. Lawler Associate Editors Andrew Barbour Itai Benjamini Krzysztof Burdzy Michael Cranston ... Ofer Zeitouni Managing Editor Michael Phelan Production Editor Patrick Kelly Past Editors web site contact: imswebmaster@imstat.org

30. Forecast Maps : Weather Underground Temperature Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature Dew Point Prevalent Weather; 12Hr probability of Precip. Sky Cover Snowfall (previous 6 hours) http://www.wunderground.com/ndfdimage/viewimage?type=pop12®ion=us

31. Probability Sampling A probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection. In order to have a random selection method, http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampprob.php

SEARCH: Previous Home Next Home ... Sampling Probability Sampling A probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection . In order to have a random selection method, you must set up some process or procedure that assures that the different units in your population have equal probabilities of being chosen. Humans have long practiced various forms of random selection, such as picking a name out of a hat, or choosing the short straw. These days, we tend to use computers as the mechanism for generating random numbers as the basis for random selection. Some Definitions Before I can explain the various probability methods we have to define some basic terms. These are: N = the number of cases in the sampling frame n = the number of cases in the sample N C n = the number of combinations (subsets) of n from N f = n/N = the sampling fraction That's it. With those terms defined we can begin to define the different probability sampling methods. Simple Random Sampling The simplest form of random sampling is called simple random sampling . Pretty tricky, huh? Here's the quick description of simple random sampling:

32. Project Euclid - Mathematics And Statistics Resources Online probability Surveys is a peerreviewed electronic journal which publishes survey articles in theoretical and applied probability. The style of articles may http://projecteuclid.org/handle/euclid.ps

33. Probability: Statnotes, From North Carolina State University, Public Administrat The mathematics of probability underlies a variety of other topics in social science research, including sampling in survey research, significance testing, http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/probability.htm

var site = "garson"; var page = window.location.pathname; page = page.substring(page.lastIndexOf('/') + 1); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); Probability Overview The mathematics of probability underlies a variety of other topics in social science research, including sampling in survey research, significance testing, and maximum likelihood estimation methods. Contents Key concepts and terms Counting Probability Bibliography Key Concepts and Terms COUNTING Permutations are how many ways a given number of things can be sequenced. The standard notation is that n P n is the permutations (sequences) of all n things in a set of n things; n P r is the permutations on n things taken r at a time. The relevant formulas are below: n P n = n! n P r = n!/(n - r)! where ! is the factorial operation (n! = 1*2*3*...*n). For example, the number of permutations of 4 things taken 3 at a time is 4!/(4-3)! = 24/1 = 24. Thus for items, A, B, C, and D, the 24 permutations are: ABC, ACB, ADB, ABD, ADC, ACD BAC, BCA, BDA, BAD, BCD, BDC

34. Let's Make A Deal Math: Probability What is the probability of winning? The purpose of this WebQuest is to introduce you to some interesting problems and learn about probable outcomes. http://www.cyberbee.com/probability/mathprob.html

Linda D. Resch Introduction Task Process Resources ... Conclusion Introduction "Heads, you go first; tails, I do." "I need to roll a seven to win." "If I can spin and land on a green slot the jackpot is mine." How many times have you played a game and hoped to win? What is the probability of winning? The purpose of this WebQuest is to introduce you to some interesting problems and learn about probable outcomes. At the conclusion of the WebQuest you will be able to explain why some choices are better than others. Benchmarks: Grade 6 Strand 8: Data Analysis and Probability SLC 24: Make predictions of outcomes of experiments based upon theoretical probabilitities and explain actual outcomes. Strand 4: Data Analysis and Probability SLC 14: Represent and interpret the possible outcomes for a mathematical situation and calculate probabilities. Task Your task is to solve and analyze several problems about probability. After you have completed this task and understand how probability works, design a game or activity that will show others what you have learned. Your final project will include: A tally sheet showing the results of coin flipping A printed copy showing your results while playing one of the Monty Hall simulation games An explanation about whether or not you should switch your door selection during the Monty Hall game A probability game Answers to the Skill Level and Concept Level questions Skill Level What is the definition of probability?

35. Stats: Introduction To Probability The above table lends itself to describing data another way using a probability distribution. Let s consider the frequency distribution for the above http://www.richland.edu/james/lecture/m170/ch05-int.html

Stats: Introduction to Probability Sample Spaces A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes. However, some sample spaces are better than others. When writing the sample space, it is highly desirable to have events which are equally likely. First Die Second Die Classical Probability The above table lends itself to describing data another way using a probability distribution. Let's consider the frequency distribution for the above sums. Sum Frequency Relative Frequency If just the first and last columns were written, we would have a probability distribution. The relative frequency of a frequency distribution is the probability of the event occurring. This is only true, however, if the events are equally likely. This gives us the formula for classical probability. The probability of an event occurring is the number in the event divided by the number in the sample space. Again, this is only true when the events are equally likely. A classical probability is the relative frequency of each event in the sample space when each event is equally likely. P(E) = n(E) / n(S) Empirical Probability Empirical probability is based on observation. The empirical probability of an event is the relative frequency of a frequency distribution based upon observation.

36. ANU-Sydney-Kyoto Probability Workshop The aim of this presentation is to reconsider the gap between the notion of Hume s probability and our modern notion of mathematical probability. http://www.usyd.edu.au/time/conferences/probability

ANU-Sydney-Kyoto Probability Workshop Sydney, 29-30 June 2007 Timetable Abstracts Venue Registration ... Enquiries Jointly organized by the Australian National University, the University of Sydney and Kyoto University, this workshop coincides with a visit by Yasuo Deguchi (Kyoto) and some of his research students. Timetable Friday 29 June Saturday 30 June John Cusbert Sleeping Monty Weng Hong Tang Belief and Degree of Belief: A Problem with the Lockean Thesis Naoya Fujikawa Evans' Paradox and Proper Names in Thought Mark Colyvan The Lore of Large Numbers Daniel Parker Title TBA Yuichiro Kitajima The Modal Interpretation of Algebraic Quantum Field Theory and Reality Morning Tea Morning Tea Aidan Lyon Gruesome Simplicity: A Guide to Truth Kentaro Yamaguchi On Fisher's Statistical Inference Kazuhiro Watanabe On Hume's Probability Huw Price The Lion, the ‘Which?’ and the Wardrobe: Lewis as a Closet One-boxer Sho Yamaguchi Scepticism, Knowledge and Context Andy Egan Title TBA Lunch Lunch Kenny Easwaran The Relativity of Subjective Conditional Probability Takeshi Sakon How Are We to Respond to McTaggart?

37. Interpretations Of Probability (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) ‘Interpreting probability’ is a commonly used but misleading name for a worthy enterprise. The socalled ‘interpretations of probability’ would be better http://www.science.uva.nl/~seop/entries/probability-interpret/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Interpretations of Probability First published Mon Oct 21, 2002; substantive revision Sat Jul 7, 2007 a formal system do 1. Kolmogorov's Probability Calculus 2. Criteria of adequacy for the interpretations of probability 3. The Main Interpretations 3.1 Classical Probability ... Related Entries 1. Kolmogorov's Probability Calculus Probability theory was inspired by games of chance in 17 th century France and inaugurated by the Fermat-Pascal correspondence. However, its axiomatization had to wait until Kolmogorov's classic Foundations of the Theory of Probability field (or algebra F P be a function from F to the real numbers obeying: (Non-negativity) P A A F (Normalization) P (Finite additivity) P A B P A P B ) for all A B F such that A B Call P a probability function F P ) a probability space The assumption that P F F , we obtain such welcome results as P P (even) = P P (odd or less than 4) = P (odd) + P P We could instead attach probabilities to members of a collection S of sentences of a formal language, closed under (countable) truth-functional combinations, with the following counterpart axiomatization:

38. Virtual Laboratories In Probability And Statistics The goal of this project is to provide free, high quality, interactive, webbased resources for students and teachers of probability and statistics. http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/

var baseURL = "./"; Virtual Laboratories in Probability and Statistics Project Information Introduction Credits Rights and Permissions Expository Material Foundations Probability Spaces Distributions Expected Value ... Interacting Particle Systems Ancillary Materials Applets Data Sets Biographical Sketches Distribution Tables ... Experiments Support and Navigation Contents Keywords Feedback External Resources Welcome! The goal of this project is to provide free, high quality, interactive, web-based resources for students and teachers of probability and statistics. Basically, our project consists of an integrated set of components that includes expository text, applets, data sets, biographical sketches, and an object library. Please read the Introduction for more information about the content, structure, mathematical prerequisites, and organization of the project. Technologies and Browser Requirements This site uses a number of advanced (but open and standard) technologies, including the Mathematics Markup Language (MathML), for portable and notationally correct mathematical expressions, and Java for the applets. See the Introduction for more information about the technologies used.

39. Oxford Journals | Law&Mathematics & Physical Sciences | Law, Probability And Ris statisticians and social scientists with interests in quantitative reasoning. Reasons to publish in Law, probability Risk. Search This Journal http://lpr.oxfordjournals.org/

@import "/resource/css/main.css"; @import "/resource/css/homepage.css"; @import "/resource/css/journal.css"; @import "/resource/css/lawprj.css"; @import "/resource/css/progress.css"; Skip Navigation Oxford Journals Contact Us My Basket ... My Account Law, Probability and Risk About This Journal Contact This Journal Subscriptions Current Issue ... Law Law, Probability and Risk Read This Journal View Current Issue (Volume 7 Issue 1 March 2008) Advance Access Browse the Archive The journal publishes papers that deal with topics on the interface of law and probabilistic reasoning. These are interpreted broadly to include aspects relevant to the interpretation of scientific evidence, the assessment of uncertainty and the assessment of risk. The readership is primarily academic lawyers, mathematicians, statisticians and social scientists with interests in quantitative reasoning. Reasons to publish in Search This Journal Advanced search Related Journals Biostatistics Biometrika Bioinformatics The British Journal of Criminology ... The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics Reader Services Free sample issue 50 Most Frequently Read Articles Library Recommendation Form Decision Sciences Institute The Journal About this journal Publishers' Books for Review Dispatch date of the next issue Editor-in-Chief Prof. C.G.G. Aitken

40. Probability I love the language and ideas that come from doing probability. Here s some ideas for two probability. Choose one of these words for each event http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/maths/probability.htm

Advertisement Hosted by: var addthis_pub = 'garethford'; Our Other Sites: Please support our favourite charity... For more resources visit: Advertisements: Probability I love the language and ideas that come from doing probability. Here's some ideas for two activity sheets. Probability Choose one of these words for each event: impossible - unlikely - likely - certain Give reasons for each of your choices. Tomorrow will be Christmas day. I shall have pizza to eat tonight. It will be sunny tomorrow. I will be in school tomorrow. I shall be in New Zealand tonight. It will get dark tonight. I shall be in bed by 10:00pm this evening. Tomorrow will be my birthday. I will be in school at 2pm this afternoon. I will get full marks in my spelling test. Dice Games Have a go at playing the dice games described below. Game number: You win if.... you throw an even number. you throw an odd number. you throw a number in the two times table. you throw a number greater than four. you throw a number in the three times table.

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