1. Archaeoastronomy Pinpoints Equinox, Solstice And Cross Quarter Moments Throughou Overview of archaeoastronomy. Includes maps, almanacs and video archive. http://www.archaeoastronomy.com/

Archaeoastronomy Spotlights the Dawn of Human History documentary US Naval Obs. Big Bear Solar O. Old News DVD m.onter.net/today.html 2008 seasonal cusps in GMT, Greenwich Mean Time, for Northern Hemisphere Earth's annual orbit is The Master Clock because the common yardstick of our lives is the year . Years are divided by the seasons just as calendars are segmented by months. Mechanical and digital timepieces measure intervals that split into hours, minutes and seconds each spin of our planet on its axis. Yet, it is the earth's regular, rhythmic loop around the sun that standardizes our timeframe of reference, regardless of geographic distances separating us from our acquaintances or generational distances separating us from our ancestors. Our planet moves around the sun in an elliptical circuit deviating less than a second from one year to the next. Together we proceed through 8 significant, yet invisible, thresholds within each orbit. These spatial milestones mark the beginning, midpoint and end of each of our seasons. Equinoxes Solstices and Cross Quarters are moments shared planet-wide, defined by the earth's tilt and the sun's position on

2. Archaeoastronomy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy) is a scientific field seeking to better understand the lives of people in the past through their megalithic, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoastronomy

Archaeoastronomy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search The rising sun illuminates the inner chamber of Newgrange , Ireland, only at the winter solstice. Archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy ) is the study of how peoples in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky, how they used phenomena in the sky and what role the sky played in their cultures Clive Ruggles argues it specifically is not the study of ancient astronomy , as astronomy is a culturally specific concept and ancient peoples may have related to the sky in a different way. It is often twinned with ethnoastronomy , the anthropological study of skywatching in contemporary societies. Archaeoastronomy is also closely associated with historical astronomy , the use of historical records of heavenly events to answer astronomical problems and the history of astronomy , which uses written records to evaluate past astronomical traditions. Archaeoastronomy uses a variety of methods to uncover evidence of past practices including astronomy, statistics and probability, anthropology, history as well as archaeology. Because these methods are so diverse and pull data from such different sources the problem of integrating them into a coherent argument has been a long-term issue for archaeoastronomers Archaeoastronomy fills complimentary niches to Landscape archaeology and Cognitive archaeology . One such example would the extensive work on Hopi skywatching. A combination of ethnoastronomical and archaeoastronomical studies has shown that phenomena in the sky can give different parts of the landscape different meanings. This connects use of the landscape with how people think about their place within it. The astronomical phenomena add a further element of seasonality, showing how the landscape is embedded in a sense of time. In turn this reveals more about how the Hopi make sense of other parts of their lives such as the use of colour symbolism, and their relationship with fauna.

3. The Official Web Site Of The Center For Archaeoastronomy And ISAAC Founded in 1978 at the University of Maryland to advance research, education and public awareness of archaeoastronomy. http://www.wam.umd.edu/~tlaloc/archastro/

Center for Archaeoastronomy Main Page NEWS Find Out More What is Archaeoastronomy? More About the Center for Archaeoastronomy More About ISAAC Publications of the Center ... Lost Codex Used Book Sale Outside Links Archaeoastronomy Archaeology Astronomy History of Science ... Museums WELCOME This is the official website of the International Center for Archaeoastronomy founded at the University of Maryland. We also temporarily host the online materials for ISAAC , the International Society for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture, soon to launch its own site in preparation for its several new initiatives planned for the coming year. Since 1977, the Center has edited a peer-reviewed journal, called Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture , which is currently published on our behalf by the University of Texas Press. For several years, the Center also published the , essays from which are available to read on this website. The Center continues to publish peer-reviewed books and conference proceedings, most recently with another of its professional partners, Ocarina Books The Center and Ocarina Books publish new book

4. Journal For The History Of Astronomy Academic journal for history of astronomy and archaeoastronomy. http://www.shpltd.co.uk/aa.html

HOME HISTORY OF SCIENCE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY ARCHAEOASTRONOMY ... E-MAIL ARCHAEOASTRONOMY From 2003 Archaeoastronomy was no longer published as a separate journal but was incorporated into enlarged issues of Journal for the History of Astronomy Contents Sample Issue Download

5. HTML REDIRECT A comprehensive introduction to archaeoastronomy including a look at various people groups and case studies of sites. http://library.thinkquest.org/C0118421/

6. Archaeoastronomy archaeoastronomy. Ancient science and the science of ancient things . Current Studies in archaeoastronomy Conversations Across Time and Space by John W. http://archaeoastronomy.wordpress.com/

var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Home About Me The Research Comments Policy ... Archaeoastronomy Ancient science and the science of ancient things Feed on Posts Comments Red Letter Day: Danish Alphologists Discover the 27th Letter of the Alphabet April 1, 2008 by Alun DENMARK: Alphologists at the University of Billund, Denmark have announced the discovery of the 27th letter of the English Alphabet. The letter, which has yet to be named, was uncovered during library renovations over the Easter Break. Professor Olaf Proil who identified the letter said the discovery was a complete surprise: pesce The site of the proposed missing letter. The find is set to be controversial when it is presented at the International Alphological Union next month. One professor has already dismissed the new letter. History will prove me right Proil nevertheless claims there is historical proof this is indeed a missing letter. Venerable Bede Proil speculates that the letter could be even older: Maximus Media Controversy Dr. P¥l Foilor who has assisted Prof. Proil in his work admits that there have been problems in announcing the letter to the public.

7. Cloudbait Observatory Archaeoastronomy Well developed site featuring articles and photographs on a number of significant sites and their archaeoastronomy. http://www.cloudbait.com/archaeoastronomy.html

Archaeoastronomy We can assume that people have been observing the stars for as long as we have had minds enough to wonder. Throughout most of history there have been two reasons that people looked to the heavens: as a tool for predicting seasonal events such as planting and harvest times, and as a source of spiritual guidance and mythological explanation. Rare elements of true science have occasionally shown up, for example in ancient Greece, but it is only in the last few hundred years that we can really say that astronomy has become a science in the modern sense. Sadly, we still live in a world of irrational people who are prepared to believe in astrology and other nonsense. For these people, I have only sympathy that they have given up the very essence of what makes us human: our ability to reason. For our ancestors, who didn't know better, I give credit for the observations and discoveries that were made and which contributed to our knowledge today. When I travel, I always enjoy visiting sites with some historic astronomical significance, and I share here some of those places. British Aztec Egyptian American Indian Indian Mayan Chris L Peterson

8. Archaeoastronomy Comprehensive Astronomical analysis of Irish Megalithic sites. http://www.bluhorizonlines.org/

9. Archaeoastronomy » The Study Of Astronomy In Culture Alun Salt s weblog, musing on archaeoastronomy. http://archaeoastronomy.co.uk/

10. Archaeoastronomy, University Of Texas Press The journal produced by the Center for archaeoastronomy on an annual basis. Published by University of Texas Press. http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/journals/jarch.html

Skip navigation Advanced Search Search Archaeoastronomy The Journal of Astronomy in Culture The Journal of the Center for Archaeoastronomy Editor: John B. Carlson, Director Co-Editors: David S. P. Dearborn, Clive L. N. Ruggles, Stephen McCluskey, Stanislaw Iwaniszewski Book Review Editor: Stephen McCluskey, Department of History, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 The Journal of The Center for Archaeoastronomy and ISAAC, the International Society for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture . The Center is an independent foundation created to advance research, education, and public awareness of archaeoastronomy, including ethnoastronomy; and to promote archaeoastronomy as a discipline within the sciences, the arts, and the humanities. Also available is the online companion publication, on the website of The Center for Archaeoastronomy. provides the latest news in archaeoastronomy, including conference notices, new books and web sites, as well as forthcoming events from the Center and ISAAC. Submission Guidelines Volume XX, 2006

11. Archaeoastronomy - Crystalinks archaeoastronomy is the study and interpretation of solar, lunar and stellar alignments found at ancient monuments such as pyramids, towers, ground lines http://www.crystalinks.com/archaeoastronomy.html

Archaeoastronomy Archaeoastronomy is the study and interpretation of solar, lunar and stellar alignments found at ancient monuments such as pyramids, towers, ground lines such as the Nazca Lines in Peru, and megalithic sites Stonehenge, Carnac, Newgrange, etc. These monuments are on major planetary grid points. Archaeoastronomy uses celestial objects to mark time, much like calendars do. Archaeoastronomy investigates how the ancients applied astronomy in their lives, as well as in their art and architecture. The study of Archaeoastronomy is a cross disciplinary approach which examines the mythology, religion and world views of prehistoric and ancient civilizations through the means of their astronomical practices. It is the study of the study of contemporary native astronomies. In examining the observations of such peoples, it is possible to gain a certain insight into the ways in which they constructed their own universes and therefore provide a more holistic understanding of the means and motivations of the culture as a whole. The astronomical inquiry of the ancients must be looked upon as a mechanism of observation and prediction which closely tied them to their environments, depending upon various cultural, religious and mythological bases for validation in the process.

12. History Of Astronomy: Topics: Archaeoastronomy, Ancient Astronomy And Ethnoastro With documents about archaeoastronomy in general and in South America, as well as links. Search for more archaeoastronomy sources with Alta Vista. http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/hist_astr/ha_items_archaeo.html

History of Astronomy Topics History of Astronomy: Topics: Archaeoastronomy, Ancient Astronomy and Ethnoastronomy Deutsche Fassung AEON Journal of myth and science devoted to the collection and exploration of archaeo-astronomical traditions. To be used with caution! America's Stonehenge Airbourne Precision Imaging , Tucson, AZ With emphasis on archaeoastronomy. Ancient Astronomy Africa Asia Central America ... Ancient Near Eastern Astronomy (7 Sep 1998: disappeared) Annotated Bibliography for Catastrophism: Astronomy, Archaeoastronomy, and Ethnoastronomy Archaeoastronomy Archaeoastronomy With special focus on Italy. Archaeoastronomy (links) Archaeoastronomy: An Interview with David Dearborn Archaeogeodesy, A Key to Prehistory , by James Q. Jacobs Astro-archeology Astronomische Kalender [aus der Steinzeit in Gotland] (in German) Astronomy in Babylon Aztec Astronomy: Find documents with Alta Vista Babylonian Planetary Theory and the Heliocentric Concept , by John N. Harris Ballochroy Books on archaeoastronomy Center for Archaeoastronomy A Central Texas Sun Dagger (See also the figures Chaco Canyon 1054 Supernova Petrograph Chinese Artifact Provides Clue to Earth's Rotation On the dating of a solar eclipse seen in China in the year 1302 B.C. with the help of inscriptions on oracle bones

13. ISAAC The International Society For Archaeoastronomy And An introduction to ISAAC The International Society for archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture. http://www.archaeoastronomy.org/

Redirection to here

14. ArchaeoAstronomy - An Interview With David Dearborn An interview with David Dearborn, on his research at the interface between astronomy and archaeology. http://archaeology.about.com/cs/archaeoastronomy/a/dearborn.htm

zGCID=" test0" zGCID+=" test4" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Education Archaeology Archaeologists ... Interviews ArchaeoAstronomy - An Interview with David Dearborn Archaeology Education Archaeology Essentials ... Help Caracol (The Observatory), Chichen Itza, Mexico Jim Gateley (c) 2006 Email to a friend Print this Page Submit to Digg Archaeoastronomy Resources Archaeoastronomy Inca Archaeology Agriculture and Pastoralism Observatories and Boks Megalithic Sites Chaco 1054 SkyWatchers by Anthony Aveni More on David Dearborn David Dearborn (Lawrence Livermore) Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture Most Popular Research Paper Topics Terracotta Army Letter of Intent Great Pyramid at Giza ... A Walking Tour of Machu Picchu ArchaeoAstronomy From K. Kris Hirst Your Guide to Archaeology FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! An Interview with David Dearborn David S. P. Dearborn is an astrophysicist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , and co-editor of Archaeoastronomy: A Journal for Astronomy in Culture as well as . In addition, he is a founding member of ISAAC (the

15. Earth Mysteries Chris Witcombe of Sweet Briar College provides an illustrated history of the astronomical interpretation of Stonehenge. Part of Earth Mysteries. http://witcombe.sbc.edu/earthmysteries/EMStonehengeD.html

Dr. Christopher L. C. E. Witcombe Professor, Department of Art History, Sweet Briar College , Virginia Archaeoastronomy at Stonehenge Already in the 18th century the British antiquarian William Stukeley had noticed that the horseshoe of great trilithons and the horseshoe of 19 bluestones at Stonehenge opened up in the direction of the midsummer sunrise. It was quickly surmised that the monument must have been deliberately oriented and planned so that on midsummer's morning the sun rose directly over the Heel Stone and the first rays shone into the centre of the monument between the open arms of the horseshoe arrangement. View from the center of Stonehenge towards the Heel Stone and a photograph of the sun rising over the Heel Stone This discovery has had tremendous impact on how Stonehenge has been interpreted. For Stukeley in the 18th century and Sir Norman Lockyer in the first years of the 20th century, this alignment implied a ritualistic connection with sun worship and it was generally concluded that Stonehenge was constructed as a temple to the sun. More recently, though, the astronomer Gerald Hawkins has argued that Stonehenge is not merely aligned with solar and lunar astronomical events, but can be used to predict other events such as eclipses. In other words, Stonehenge was more than a temple, it was an astronomical calculator.

16. Mesoamerican Archaeoastronomy By James Q. Jacobs A critical review of contemporary understandings of prehispanic astronomic knowledge in Mesoamerica. Article includes new findings of accurate astronomic http://www.jqjacobs.net/mesoamerica/meso_astro.html

Mesoamerican Archaeoastronomy A Review of Contemporary Understandings of Prehispanic Astronomic Knowledge. © 1999 by James Q. Jacobs Numeration Calendars Dates Stelae ... Bibliography The Mesoamerican civilizations constructed numerous administrative and ceremonial centers and erected numerous monuments. These reflect astronomic knowledge and expertise in numeration and calendrics. This paper is an inquiry into the present level of knowledge of astronomy in prehistoric Mesoamerica and the level of prehistoric astronomic knowledge. Information comes from architectural relationships, stone monuments, codices and ethnohistorical manuscripts. The primary sources are the inscribed stone monuments and, in particular, the Dresden Codex. Ethnohistorical sources furnished useful keys for deciphering primary sources. Early Discoveries Relacion de las Cosas de Yucatan . Landa provided drawings with the corresponding month names, and presented the four glyphs that fall on the initial days of the months, the year bearers. He also provided a calendar with European months correlated with the Native calendar, the names of calendar cycles, and some other hieroglyphic symbols related to European alphabetic signs (Leon, 1994). This information led to understanding the sequence to read the glyphs and the decipherment of the Long Count notation. Brasseur de Bourbourg also identified the sun or kin glyph, the glyph associated with the day.

17. Archaeoastronomy In Gotland There are about 3600 known grooves in stones in Gotland. The most important feature of the grooves is alignment. A study of 1256 grooves showed that they http://www.stavar.i.se/grooves/grooves.html

Archaeoastronomy About the grooves in Gotland There are about 3600 known grooves in stones in Gotland. 700 are in the bedrock, which is limestone, and the rest in about 800 stones. The lenght of the grooves varies from about 0.5 to 1 metre. They are between 5 cm to 10 cm wide and 1 cm to 10 cm in depth. They are shaped as though they were made by a tool fixed on a pendulum, the cross section of the lenght of each mark being in most cases part of a circle. The most important feature of the grooves is alignment. A study of 1256 grooves showed that they are aligned with certain positions of the celestial bodies, apparently the sun or the moon. Stone with grooves from Stumle, Alva, Gotland Map of the island of Gotland Here 32 grooves in the bedrock have been dated. Gregorian dates (day, month, and year) are used. One metre is shown for scale. North is shown by the arrow. Grooves at Hugraivs, Gammelgarn, Gotland "The grooves of Gotland" How were the grooves made? Diagram of the directions of 1253 Gotlandic grooves. Here are hyperlinks to some of the pages in the book about the grooves. The book is in Swedish, but this is just the directions and maps and locations

18. Archaeoastronomy archaeoastronomy is still a very new area of study with a number of different definitions. Factors determining the definition depends on the approach you http://oz.plymouth.edu/~sci_ed/Turski/Courses/Astronomy/Projects/chrisd/archaeo.

Archaeoastronomy What's WITH Those Stones? This Page is a project for an Astronomy course At Plymouth State College during the Spring Semester of 1998. Plymouth, New Hampshire What Is Archaeoastronomy? Archaeoastronomy is still a very new area of study with a number of different definitions. Factors determining the definition depends on the approach you are taking. Being Theoretical - Dealing With Practical Applications Within a Modern or Ancient Framework - Dealing in General Investigative Research Or Offshoots or Sub-Disciplines of the Field Generally, it can be defined as the astronomical analysis of archaeological features. Overall, it is devoted to determining the nature and extent of early mans astronomical knowledge. There are other names for archaeoastronomy such as astro-archaeology, astronomical archaeology, and archaeological astronomy. Primarily they mean the same thing as are derived from Astro, meaning star and Archaeo meaning ancient Archaeoastronomy is an interdisciplinary approach involving areas of cultural anthropology, astronomy, mythology, engineering, folklore, navigation, prehistoric art, navigation, land surveying, philology, and geography. Archaeoastronomy developed as a result of the question - Could ancient man have built stone structures to measure, or at least account for movements of the sun, moon, and other celestial objects?

19. Archaeoastronomy In The American Southwest A brief look at the astronomy of the Anasazi. Includes photographs of the Fajada Butte lightdagger. http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/People/sw_archaeoastronomy.htm

Search the CP-LUHNA Web pages Paleoindian and Archaic Peoples Anasazi Archaeological Treasures Archaeoastronomy ... Anglo Settlement Archaeoastronomy in the American Southwest Special CP-LUHNA essay by Bryan C. Bates Knowledge of celestial patterns and the attribution of those powers to different gods may have migrated along migratory and trade routes throughout the American Southwest. At Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico, several calendar systems have been documented with numerous connections to the culture. At the Great Kiva, Casa Rinconada, the summer solstice sun rises through a window and cast light into a cubbyhole across the axis of this ceremonial chamber. There is a question as to whether the alignment was intentionally created by the ancient Chacoans as the Park Service reconstructed the window in the 1940s. Second, the Equinox sun rises over the eastern cliff and splits the Kiva into two equal halves, symbolic of the Equinox ceremony known amongst some of the Puebloan people . Elsewhere

20. Archaeoastronomy An overview of the theoretical foundations of archaeoastronomy with a case study of the Anazazi Culture. http://www.geocities.com/Wellesley/6265/papers/theory/archaeoastronomy.html

A Critical Look at Archaeoastronomy and the Anasazi Culture of the American Southwest The following research paper was written after attending Dr. Paul Browns, Archaeological fieldschool to the American Southwest, and will be presented at the Spring 2,000 Undergraduate Research Conference at Minnesota State University, Mankato. The science of archaeoastronomy While the Oxford conferences and the adjunct papers produced for it continue to have their place within the relative canon of archaeoastronomical thought, such papers have also brought out some of the major flaws in such a blooming science as archaeoastronomy. Such flaws, though similarly faced by the disciplines of archaeology and anthropology within their theoretical coming of age, have contributed to the almost complete dismissal of archaeoastronomical finings by archaeology itself. Ultimately, the reasons for such a dismissal law within the question of whether archaeoastronomy is truly relevant to archaeology or not and for that matter if it is relevant does such information truly at the continuum of archaeological information. , in the constellation canis major, may appear to astronomers to have some archaeology or anthropological relevance, such studies are far removed from actual archaeological research. In particular, what is anything can be defined or taken from a study of the color of Canis Major? What can be learned from studying the differing ways in which cultures understood culture of their own cosmological or mythological place? Does such information add to the advancement or knowledge of a human cultural universal? In the case of Sirius A, while the color of the star may be particularly intriguing for astronomers, it is obvious on a cultural level, that different cultures will look at colors in differing ways, and thus the only thing added to the study of archaeology by such research is a look at the world view or mythology of a given culture, something which archaeology and anthropology could have done even without any astronomical help.

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