61. Taxonomy And Co-evolution Of Trichomycetes (gut-inhabiting Fungi) Trichomycetes are a cosmopolitan class of fungi that grow obligately in the guts of insects, crustaceans, and millipedes that live in freshwater, marine, http://www.nhm.ku.edu/~fungi/

Taxonomy and co-evolution of Trichomycetes (gut-inhabiting fungi) and their Chironomidae (Diptera) hosts Trichomycetes - Fungi Associated with Arthropods Research supported by a National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET) award, DEB-9521811 Summary Trichomycetes are a cosmopolitan class of fungi that grow obligately in the guts of insects, crustaceans, and millipedes that live in freshwater, marine, or terrestrial habitats. This project involves the taxonomy and evolution of these gut fungi and their hosts, with special emphasis on the dipteran family Chironomidae (midges). Studies are intended to enlarge our knowledge of the kinds and distribution of extant species, and phylogenetic and biogeographic studies will provide theories about how these fungi and their insect hosts have co-evolved. Many Trichomycetes appear to be commensalistic, but under particular circumstances the gut fungi may provide their hosts with some essential organic nutrients. At least one species, Smittium morbosum , is lethal to mosquito larvae, and fungal species in blackflies and other insects are known to invade the ovary and produce cysts which are "oviposited" by females in lieu of eggs, thus reducing the fertility in populations of those kinds of aquatic insects.

62. Fungi Simple explanation of fungi in the framework of the history of the Universe. http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/fungi.html

Basic Information Further Information Other Hotu Pages Questions Edit ... Later This site tells the story of the history of the universe. Click Earlier and Later to follow the story. Note: Many facts have been simplified to make them easier to understand. www.historyoftheuniverse.com Web As life developed, a large amount of dead material gathered at the bottom of lakes and oceans . Some eukaryotes evolved to feed on this dead matter. We call one of them a fungus, two or more are fungi ('fun-guy' or 'fun-jee'). The fungi evolved a special way of living together. A network of tubes ran through the rotting material. Within these tubes lived many cells of the fungi sharing a single membrane Fungi are important in decomposing dead plants and animals. The parts of the fungus we sometimes see above ground (the mushrooms for example) are only the spore-forming parts of a much larger fungus. Most of it is inside the ground, wood or whatever the fungus is feeding on. Early fungi seem to have left no fossils, but we guess that they first appeared around 1 billion years ago. Like this web site? Buy the book!

63. Survey Of Northern Illinois And Indiana Fungi (SNIIF) The Survey of Northern Illinois and Indiana fungi is a continuing project by Field Museum mycologists (scientists who study fungi) to document the diversity http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/botany/botany_sites/sniif/localf

Survey of Northern Illinois and Indiana Fungi John F. Murphy and Gregory M. Mueller Department of Botany The Field Museum Chicago, Illinois Introduction Scientists and Associates Research sites SNIIF-related Publications and Presentations ... Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION: The Survey of Northern Illinois and Indiana Fungi is a continuing project by Field Museum mycologists (scientists who study fungi) to document the diversity and distribution of fungi in our area, and to investigate the usefulness of fungi as indicators of environmental health. The Chicago area is home to an incredible diversity of plants, animals, and fungi. Within the region's boundaries are forest preserves and other natural areas that contain globally significant remnants of prairies and oak savannas. However, the Chicago region is experiencing explosive urban and suburban expansion with a consequent negative impact on natural areas. Monitoring the health of the nature preserves, and managing them to conserve local biodiversity is of high priority for the region. Contrary to popular belief, our understanding of biodiversity in North America is far from complete, especially regarding the diversity and distribution of groups such as fungi, protozoans,and bacteria. Although these groups don't attract the same attention as Grizzly bears and Redwood trees, their importance in ecosystems is crucial. Land managers are particularly concerned about mycorrhizal fungi, which are required by almost all plant species for obtaining nutrition from the soil. Because these fungi have been shown to be adversely affected by air pollution, monitoring them is an important step in maintaining forest health.

64. New Page Loading - Please Wait The New York Botanical Garden is in the process of cataloging its holdings of Costa Rican fungi. Currently, the Catalog contains 1590 records that can be http://www.nybg.org/bsci/hcol/cric/

REPLACES http://www.nybg.org/bsci/hcol/cric/index.html; http://www.nybg.org/bsci/hcol/cric/cric.html

65. Fungi Mungle - Absolute Mungle The World S Greatest Disco Band Live I want my fungi Mungle! fungi MUNGLE THE WORLD S GREATEST DISCO BAND SUPERSTARS OF FUNK DISCO SUPERSTARS FUNKY MUNGLE FUNNY MUNGLE KC SUNSHINE BAND http://www.fungimungle.com/

66. Secrets Of Cooperation Between Trees And Fungi Revealed Biology News Articles Current Events, Updated Daily. http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2008/03/05/secrets_of_cooperation_between_tr

Secrets of cooperation between trees and fungi revealed March 5, 2008 08:28 PM Biology Previous article: Brown-led study rearranges some branches on animal tree of life Next article: Gladstone scientists identify role of tiny RNAs in controlling stem cell fate Add Comment Mail to a Friend Link to this article Print Article Trees and fungi have constructed a close relationship with the passing of the ages. Fungi like to grow between the roots of trees and the arrangement is beneficial to both partners. Their delicate balance is now being revealed for the very first time. VIB researchers at Ghent University in colaboration with an international team have succeeded in unravelling the genetic code of the Laccaria bicolor fungus. This new information is crucial to our knowledge. It will lead to a better understanding of how fungi help trees to grow and how together they can be indicators of climate change. Trees and fungi live happily together Trees are the lungs of the earth. They draw CO from the atmosphere and convert it into sugars, which then become a source of energy. In the process they breathe O back into the atmosphere. This “green” production of biomass – trees account for 90% of the planet’s land-based biomass – is a major influence on the health of our planet.

67. Fungi Much of the forest floor in Olympic is threaded with the hyphae of different species of fungi. Only when they fruit can you peek in on the reproductive http://www.nps.gov/archive/olym/invfungi.htm

Fungi Back to biology Fly amanitas, almond-scented millipede, earthworm, truffleartwork by Cory Ench Fruiting Forest Floor Next time you look at a mushroom, consider it to be the tiny fruit of an extensive fungal network that lies hidden beneath the forest floor. Much of the forest floor in Olympic is threaded with the hyphae of different species of fungi. Only when they fruit can you peek in on the reproductive stage of the lifecycle of a fungi. Fungi feed on various plant-based foods. Like animals, fungi consume carbohydrates to fulfill their energy needs. The four main ways fungi feed are: Mycorrhizal - Fungi with mycorrhizal relationships connect to roots of trees and other plants and exchange water and nutrients for surplus carbohydrates. Without mycorrhizal exchanges many of Olympic's plants and trees could not draw enough water and nutrients to survive. Lichenized - Fungi sometimes "farm" algae or cyanobacteria within its protective layers of hyphae. Most fungi that have symbiotic relationships with a photosynthetic partner are called lichens Saprophytic - Some fungi consume dead organic material. Without fungi's ability to decompose dead wood, Olympic's forest floor would have heaps of fallen of trees.

68. Missouri Grain Storage, Disease - AgEBB Small quantities of spores of storage fungi may be present on grain going into The development of storage fungi in stored grain is influenced by the http://agebb.missouri.edu/storage/disease/sgfungi.htm

Stored Grain Fungi Laura Sweets Extension Assistant Professor Commercial Agriculture Program Department of Plant Pathology There are a number of fungi which can invade and cause damage to grains and seeds. In general terms we can divide these fungi into two groups- field fungi and storage fungi. Field fungi invade the seeds before harvest while the crop is still in the field. Field fungi may affect the appearance and quality of seed or grain. Usually damage caused by field fungi occurs before harvest, can be detected by routine inspection and does not continue to increase in storage if grain is stored at the proper moisture content and temperature. Most field fungi are more prevalent when rainfall is above normal during grain fill and harvest. Invasion by field fungi may be more severe is the crop has been damaged by insects, birds or hail. With corn, ears well covered by husks and maturing in a downwards position usually have less rot than ears with open husks or ears maturing in an upright position. Field fungi common on corn in Missouri include species of Alternaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Diplodia, Fusarium

69. Fungi The fungi are more evolutionarily advanced forms of microorganisms, as compared to the prokaryotes (prions, viruses, bacteria). http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/Fungi.htm

Previous Lecture Syllabus Next Lecture THE FUNGI MM 46-50, 400-439 Table of Contents Educational Objectives General Properties of Fungi Clinical Techniques in Mycology Classifications of Fungal Infections ... Summary Educational Objectives General: 1. To describe the dimorphic nature of the pathogenic fungi used in making a clinical diagnosis 2. To emphasize the eukaryotic nature of the fungi and its relationship to pathogenesis. 3. To establish familiarity with the scientific terminology peculiar to mycology. 4. To explore the nature of the pathogenesis of fungal infections. 5. To gain familiarity with the classification of medically-important fungi. 6. To develop an understanding of the nature and mode of action of anti-fungal agents. Specific (terms and concepts upon which you will be tested) Aflatoxin Antifungal agents Arthrospore Asexual reproduction ... Yeast General Properties of Fungi Structural-functional relationships The fungi are more evolutionarily advanced forms of microorganisms, as compared to the prokaryotes (prions, viruses, bacteria). They are classified as eukaryotes , i.e., they have a diploid number of chromosomes and a nuclear membrane and have sterols in their plasma membrane. Genetic complexity allows morphologic complexity and thus these organisms have complex structural features that are used in speciation.

70. Astrobiology Top 10: When Fungi Ruled The World :: Astrobiology Magazine - Earth Dec 28, 2007 At number 6 is the discovery that 420 million years ago, fungi stood as tall as trees, reaching up to 20 feet in height. http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=2

71. Science News For Kids: Feature: When Fungi And Algae Marry Lichens live in nearly every environment on Earth, but scientists are still discovering basic information about them. http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20080312/Feature1.asp

Home About Us Sponsors Article Archive ... Weather SNK RSS Feed MatheMUSEments En Español: Arte Digital For Teachers and Parents Search Tsnena/Wikipedia When Fungi and Algae Marry Emily Sohn E-mail this article Print this article March 12, 2008 Lichens (li' kenz) are easy to ignore. They can be microscopically small. They don't move. And they often blend into the background. You might not even recognize one if you were staring right at it. "If you go into your backyard, you will definitely find a lichen somewhere," says Imke Schmitt, a lichen researcher—called a lichenologist—at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. What you probably don't realize is that a lichen is more than a single thing. It is a thriving relationship between two different types of living organisms: a fungus and an alga. Neither of these organisms is a plant, so the lichen isn't a plant either. Thorsten Lumbsch Thorsten Lumbsch Around the world, scientists have identified tens of thousands of types of lichens. At least as many probably still await discovery, says Thorsten Lumbsch, a lichenologist at the Field Museum in Chicago. "Even in North America, there is a huge lack of knowledge" about lichen diversity and biology, Lumbsch says. "There's a lot still to discover."

72. Vilgalys Mycology Lab Systematics, population biology and natural history of fungi. Systematics of Pleurotus and Systematics and population biology of lichenized fungi. http://www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/

R. Vilgalys lab Department of Biology Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA Lab Phone : (919)660-7362 DUKE MYCOLOGY Mycology Quick Reference page Current lab members Recent publications Mushrooms of North Carolina ... Discover Life in America: Fungi of the Great Smoky Mountains other Mycological Resources Current Lab Members Greg Bonito , graduate student, Vilgalys lab, Truffle Systematics ( photo Stephanie Diezman , graduate student, Fred Dietrich lab, Duke Genetics Program, yeast evolution ( photo Dr. Dennis Drehmel , visiting professor, Fungal TWIG coordinator (Discover Life in America program). Molecular systematics of Amanitaceae and Boletaceae. photo Jason Jackson , graduate student, Vilgalys/Richter labs, microbial ecology ( photo Dr. Anastasia Litvintsova , joint postdoc with RV and Dr. T. G. Mitchell (Dept. of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center). Hannah Reynolds , graduate student, microbial symbiosis Dr. Rytas Vilgalys

73. Introduction To The Fungi In this part of the course, we will be studying the organisms that are referred to as fungi (sing.=fungus). Although you have now studied various groups of http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/Bot201/Myxomycota/Introduction.htm

Introduction to the Fungi In this part of the course, we will be studying the organisms that are referred to as fungi Botany 135 home page . The emphasis here, instead, will be to study the relationships of the various groups of fungi and attempt to make sense of their phylogeny. Classification of Fungi Once upon a time biologist only recognized two kingdoms: Plant and Animal (this was how organisms were classified when I was an undergraduate). Fungi, as well as bacteria and algae were classified in the plant kingdom under this system and that is the reason that these organisms are traditionally studied in botany. In the case of fungi, MYCOLOGY is that part of botany that studies fungi. Although fungi are no longer classified as plants, there is still good reason to study them in botany. Fungi are most often associated with plants, commonly as decomposers, and pathogens, and as their benefactors, e.g. mycorrhiza , but "What is a fungus?" Based on what your studies on plants, in this course, you know that plants are known to be derived from a single algal ancestor from the algal division: Chlorophyta, i.e. they are monophyletic . Once upon a time, the fungi were also believed to be monophyletic and to be derived from an algal ancestor that lost its ability to photosynthesize. However, over time, with the discovery of new techniques in determining relationships between organisms, it was discovered that the fungi are made up of a polyphyletic group of organisms that, in some cases, are very distantly related to one another. Thus, organisms that we call fungi are not grouped together because they are closely related, but rather because they share a combination of characteristics that we will now go over:

74. ATCC Page Not Found ATCC s Mycology Collection houses over 27000 strains of filamentous fungi and yeasts distributed among 1500 genera and 7000 species. http://www.atcc.org/common/catalog/fungiYeast/fungiYeastIndex.cfm

Search Catalog Select the catalog category to search Select a Category ATCC Number All Collections Animal Viruses Bacteria Bacteriophages Cell Lines and Hybridomas Clones (Collections such as MGC) Clones (Unique ATCC Deposits) Fungi and Yeasts Genomic Libraries Hosts for Vectors Patents Plant Seeds Plant Viruses Protozoa and Algae Standards Resource Vectors Yeast Genetic Stock Center Enter Text to Search Catalog Login Search Options About Who We Are ... ATCC Page Not Found Sorry, the page you requested was not found http://www.ATCC.org email to us. Customize your ATCC Web experience: Login Home Site Map FAQ ... Contact Us

75. Fungus - MSN Encarta Fungus, any member of a diverse group of organisms that—unlike plants and animals—obtain food by absorbing nutrients from an external source. The http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761551534/fungus.html

var s_account="msnportalencarta"; MSN home Mail My MSN Sign in ... more Hotmail Messenger My MSN MSN Directory Air Tickets/Travel Autos City Guides Election 2008 ... More Additional Reference Materials Thesaurus Translations Multimedia Other Resources Education Resources Math Help Foreign Language Help Project Planner ... Help Related Items Fungus Infections Lichen, living partnership of a fungus and an alga more... Encarta Search Search Encarta about Fungus Also on Encarta 7 tips for funding an online degree How to succeed in the fashion industry without being a top designer Presidential Myths Quiz Advertisement Fungus Encyclopedia Article Find Print E-mail Blog It Multimedia 14 items Article Outline Introduction Unique Feeding Method Fungi Structure Reproduction ... Harmful Fungi I Introduction Print this section Fungus , any member of a diverse group of organisms that—unlike plants and animals —obtain food by absorbing nutrients from an external source. The fossil record suggests that fungi were present 550 million years ago and may have evolved even earlier. Today thousands of different types of fungi grow on and absorb food from substances such as soil, wood, decaying organic matter, or living plants and other organisms. They range from tiny, single-celled organisms invisible to the naked eye to some of the largest living multicellular organisms. In Michigan for example, the underground portion of an individual Armillaria mushroom , a type of fungus, extends more than 12 hectares (30 acres). Other fungi are among the longest-lived organisms on Earth—some

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