1. The Mollusca mollusca is one of the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, with at least 50000 living species (and more likely around 200000). http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/mollusca.php

"...the resurrection call aroused another Saurian from his long sleep." HOME SEARCH GLOSSARY ... Lophotrochozoa The Mollusca Sea slugs, squid, snails, and scallops An introduction A cuttlefish, a coleoid cephalopod, moves primarily by undulating its body fins. Mollusca is one of the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, with at least 50,000 living species (and more likely around 200,000). It includes such familiar organisms as snails, octopuses, squid, clams, scallops, oysters, and chitons. Mollusca also includes some lesser known groups like the monoplacophorans , a group once thought to be extinct for millions of years until one was found in 1952 in the deep ocean off the coast of Costa Rica. Molluscs are a clade of organisms that all have soft bodies which typically have a "head" and a "foot" region. Often their bodies are covered by a hard exoskeleton, as in the shells of snails and clams or the plates of chitons. A part of almost every ecosystem in the world, molluscs are extremely important members of many ecological communities. They range in distribution from terrestrial mountain tops to the hot vents and cold seeps of the deep sea, and range in size from 20-meter-long giant squid to microscopic aplacophorans , a millimeter or less in length, that live between sand grains.

2. Mollusca - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The molluscs (British spelling) or mollusks (American spelling) are members of the very large and diverse phylum of invertebrate animals known as mollusca. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusk

Mollusca From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mollusk Jump to: navigation search Molluscs Fossil range: Ediacaran or Cambrian - Recent Caribbean Reef Squid Sepioteuthis sepioidea Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Linnaeus Classes Aplacophora Bellerophontida ... Tentaculita The molluscs British spelling) or mollusks American spelling) are members of the very large and diverse phylum of invertebrate animals known as Mollusca . There are some 112,000 species within this phylum. The scientific study of molluscs is known as malacology The word mollusc comes from the French mollusque , which originated from the Latin molluscus , meaning thin-shelled, from mollis , soft. Molluscs range from minute snails and clams ( micromollusks ) to large organisms such as squid cuttlefish and octopus , which are among the most neurologically-advanced invertebrates There are a wide variety of molluscs which are valued by humans as seafood or for their decorative shells . The edible species include many kinds of clams snails squid and octopuses The vast majority of molluscs live in marine environments, and many of them are found intertidally, in the shallow subtidal and on the continental shelf. Species of octopus and squid live throughout the ocean depths and some species of clam and limpet live in the abyssal depths of the oceans around hot vents.

3. Mollusca Information from the Tree of Life Project about mollusk systematics with references and links. http://www.tolweb.org/Mollusca

Temporary Page Containing Groups Bilateria Animals Eukaryotes Life on Earth Other Bilateria Deuterostomia Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada ... Sipuncula Mollusca Nemertea Entoprocta Phoronida Brachiopoda Subgroups Polyplacophora Bivalvia Gastropoda Cephalopoda Mollusca Snails, clams, mussels, squids, octopi, chitons, and tusk shells This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms. The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right. You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species. For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see

4. Dichotomous Key/Mollusca - Wikibooks, Collection Of Open-content Textbooks Retrieved from http//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key/mollusca . Subject Dichotomous Key. Views. Module Discussion Edit this page History http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key:Mollusca

Dichotomous Key/Mollusca From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection Dichotomous Key (Redirected from Dichotomous Key:Mollusca Jump to: navigation search Dichotomous Key : Mollusca Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Information related to Mollusca Wikipedia Wikispecies Wikicommons Parent key: Animalia Phyla Mollusca Key: Mollusca Mollusca Contents edit Animalia keys Subkingdom Agnotozoa Phyla Acoelomorpha Cnidaria Ctenophora Myxozoa ... Rhombozoa Superphylum:Deuterostomia Chaetognatha Chordata Echinodermata Hemichordata Superphylum:Ecdysozoa Arthropoda Kinorhyncha Loricifera Nematoda ... Tardigrada Superphylum:Lophotrochozoa Annelida Brachiopoda Ectoprocta Entoprocta ... Sipuncula Superphylum:Platyzoa Acanthocephala Cycliophora Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida ... Rotifera Presence of a foot or derived organ Yes - No - Aplacophora (subclass Chaetodermomorpha) edit Torsion Present - Gastropoda Not present - edit Presence of chromatophores - Can the animal change color? Yes - Cephalopoda No - edit Shell divided into plates Yes - Polyplacophora No - edit Segmentation Yes, primitive - Monoplacophora No - Mollusca keys Classes Aplacophora Bivalvia Caudofoveata Cephalopoda ... edit Presence of captacula Yes - Scaphopoda No - edit Shell Two parts - Bivalvia One part - Aplacophora Retrieved from " http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key/Mollusca

5. Phylum Mollusca Phylum mollusca Mollusks. After reviewing this section, the student should be able to . http//animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/mollusca/bivalvia.html http://www.infusion.allconet.org/webquest/PhylumMollusca.html

Phylum Mollusca: Mollusks After reviewing this section, the student should be able to determine the identifying physiological characteristics of Mollusks, identify body supply systems, and discuss the major classes of Mollusks: class Bivalvia, class Gastropoda, and class Cephalopoda. The mollusks constitute one of the largest phyla of animals, both in numbers of living species (at least 47,000, and perhaps many more) and in numbers of individuals. A significant characteristic of mollusks is their possession of a coelom , a fluid-filled cavity that develops within the mesoderm. The coelom not only functions as a hydrostatic skeleton but also provides space within which the internal organs can be suspended by the mesenteries. All mollusks have a soft body (their name is derived from the Latin word mollus , meaning "soft"), which is generally protected by a hard, calcium- containing shell. In some forms however, the shell has been lost in the course of evolution, as in slugs and octopuses, or greatly reduced in size and internalized, as in squids. Structurally, mollusks are quite distinct from all other animals. However, all modern mollusks have the same fundamental body plan. There are three distinct body zones: a

6. ADW: Mollusca: Classification Information about mollusks from the Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mollusca.html

Overview News Technology Conditions of Use ... Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Phylum Mollusca (mollusks) Pictures Specimens Classification What do these icons mean? The icons tell you what features are available for that taxon. Information Pictures Specimens Sounds Selecting an icon will take you directly to that feature. Scientific names for Aves taxonomy (family and below) are from The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World Parent taxa Kingdom Animalia (animals) Eumetazoa (metazoans) Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals) Protostomia (protostomes) Lophotrochozoa Trochozoa Phylum Mollusca (mollusks) Class Cephalopoda (octopuses and squids) Class Gastropoda (gastropods, slugs, and snails)

7. An Advanced Introduction To The Molluscsa (Molluscs) The Phylum mollusca (an Introduction, for Highschool level students, and all others . Now Let s Take a More Detailed Look at The Phylum mollusca http://www.manandmollusc.net/advanced_introduction/mollusca_101_intro.html

Home Page Site Map ... Printer Friendly version of article . If you just want one section printed out, go to the specific class section that you want(see individual class sections listed at the bottom of this page). The Phylum Mollusca (an Introduction, for High-school level students, and all others interested!!) By Avril Bourquin Science Editing by Ross Mayhew May, 2000 Note: Glossary and separate page links are in blue and underlined. You may have to use your back button to navigate back to article when in the glossary or in external web sites or pages.. All of the Taxonomy in the Advanced Article is being updated for in regards to structure and picture content. Thank you for your patience Early Beginnings: The time is now about 600 million years ago and the first molluscs have made their appearance on our world. About 100 million years later, during the Ordovician period, at least six of the seven classes of molluscs represented today were present. Many of these first molluscs were but simple, worm-like animals, having segments similar to what we find in annelid worms and arthropods. These first molluscs crawled about the primeval seas, probing for and eating microscopic bits of food. The great landmass of Pangaea slowly deposits dissolved salts and other chemicals into the ocean. The first primitive molluscs in these oceans now digest these chemicals and begin to use the nutrients to build themselves protective shelters (shells) against their hostile environment. As Pangaea breaks apart around 200 million years ago, the world's great continents slowly migrate, due to plate tectonics, and we begin to recognize the world continents as they are today.

8. Mollusca The organisms in the phylum mollusca are characterized by having three main body areas a headfoot (sensory and locomotion structures), a visceral mass http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__11_mollusca/Mollusca.html

Kingdom Animalia PHYLUM MOLLUSCA - triploblastic eucoelomate INTRODUCTION Evolutionarily, the molluscs apparently derive from the platyhelminthes. They are classified as triploblastic eucoelomate animals, as are all phyla remaining to be examined. Most molluscs are bilaterally symmetrical and have well-defined circulatory, respiratory, excretory, and digestive systems. The molluscs are a large group, second only to arthropods in number of species. The name "mollusc" is derived from the Latin molluscus ("soft"), indicating that the molluscs are soft bodied animals. The group includes the snails, bivalves, chitons, squid, octopuses, and others. In some forms, the soft bodies are protected by a calcareous shell. The organisms in the phylum Mollusca are characterized by having three main body areas: a head-foot (sensory and locomotion structures), a visceral mass (excretory, digestive, and circulatory structures), and a mantle (which secretes the shell). The gills, which function in respiration, are located between the visceral mass and the mantle. Representatives of the following classes will be studied in this exercise: Class Polyplacophora - the chitons Class Gastropoda - snails, slugs

9. M30.htm Tylodina fungina , class Gastropoda, phylum mollusca, modified from McFarland, The phylum mollusca also includes lesser known forms such as the chitons http://www.meer.org/M30.htm

MEER home Marine biology home Table of Contents Index ... Links Phylum Mollusca Tylodina fungina class Gastropoda, phylum Mollusca, modified from McFarland, 1966. The molluscs rival the arthropods in their diversity of body forms and sizes, as well as their ecological success. The phylum also provides some of the most familiar animals, such as snails clams mussels squids , and octopus (which, like the arthropods , are well known because they're good to eat). The phylum Mollusca also includes lesser known forms such as the chitons tusk shells, solenogasters , among others. Approximately 50,000 species of Molluscs have been described, and because of the shelled forms they have left a rich fossil record. However, the earliest molluscs probably arose in the Precambrian , and nothing is known about what they were like. Systematic summary for the phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda ( snails, sea slugs) Class Pelecypoda (=Bivalvia: clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) Class Cephalopoda (squids, octopus, nautilus, cuttlefish) Class Aplacophora Class Monoplacophora Class Polyplacophora (chitons) Class Scaphopoda (tusk shells) Class Caudofoveata CLASSES OF MOLLUSCS Class Gastropoda Hermissenda crassicornis Nudibranch (sea slug),class

10. MOLLUSCA Translate this page Bienvenido a mollusca, una página pionera de la Malacología española en Internet, con la que hemos querido llenar parte del vacío existente en nuestro país, http://www.geocities.com/malacologia/

11. Aquatic Mollusca Of Illinois Online field guide to freshwater bivalves and gastropods. http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/cbd/ilspecies/mollusksplist.html

AQUATIC MOLLUSCA OF ILLINOIS Class Bivalvia Order Unionoida - Freshwater Mussels (79 species) Family Margaritiferidae Cumberlandia monodonta (Say, 1829) - Spectaclecase SE Family Unionidae Subfamily Anodontinae (12 species) Alasmidonta marginata Say, 1818 - Elktoe Alasmidonta viridis (Rafinesque, 1820) - Slippershell ST Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829) - Giant Floater Utterbackia imbecillis (Say, 1829) - Paper Pondshell Anodonta suborbiculata Say, 1831 - Flat Floater Anodontoides ferussacianus (Lea, 1834) - Cylindrical Papershell Arcidens confragosus (Say, 1829) - Rock Pocketbook Lasmigona complanata (Barnes, 1823) - White Heelsplitter Lasmigona compressa (Lea, 1829) - Creek Heelsplitter Lasmigona costata (Rafinesque, 1820) - Flutedshell Simpsonaias ambigua (Say, 1825) - Salamander Mussel SE Strophitus undulatus (Say, 1817) - Creeper Subfamily Ambleminae (25 species) Amblema plicata (Say, 1817) - Threeridge Cyclonaias tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1820) - Purple Wartyback ST Elliptio crassidens (Lamarck, 1819) - Elephantear ST Elliptio dilatata (Rafinesque, 1820) -

12. Phylum Mollusca inky.gif (11190 bytes) Phylum mollusca Squid Dissection Pix; Phylum mollusca. (Off site); The Cephalopod Home Page (cool). Octoplay. http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/phylum_mollusca.htm

Phylum Mollusca Phylum Mollusca Videos Octopus Camouflage Octopus opening bottle Octopus vs. Shark Nautilus ... Escape Response of Scallop Squid Dissection Pix Cool Cephalopod Vids Open and closed circulation Four-chambered circulation Three-chambered heart (frog) Squid Dissection Pix Phylum Mollusca . (Off site) The Cephalopod Home Page ( cool Octoplay Evolution of the Eye Movie Class Bivalvia Class Bivalvia Class Amphineura Class Amphineura Class Gastropoda Class Gastropoda Class Gastropoda Class Gastropoda Class Cephalopoda Class Cephalopoda Class Scaphopoda (Another pix is here Class Monoplacophora ( Neopilina ; Another pix is here

13. New Zealand Mudsnail In The Western USA Home Page News. Some of the presentation and posters from the 5th New Zealand mudsnail in the Western USA Conference are now available. http://www.esg.montana.edu/aim/mollusca/nzms/

Home Page- News Some of the presentation and posters from the 5th New Zealand mudsnail in the Western USA Conference are now available. Tim Davidson found a small population of the snails in Port Alberni, British Columbia: ( <20) under woody debris in the mid-low intertidal, salinity = 4, water temp = 21.8, lat/long = 49.247918, -124.8395221. The ID was confirmed by Robert Hershler. While this project (New Zealand mudsnail in the Western USA) made no provision for working outside the USA, this record is of interest as it is the northern-most report for Western North America. The first report of the nzms in Montana west of the divide (the Swan River) is now thought to be the second known example of a detected failed population. The collection data was removed from the database. See the status page for more information. Tarita Harju's thesis presents a GIS model using the data from the on-line database maintained here. A new report on nzms in the Green River was recently released in pdf format (2007 MAY 08). A report on the nzms in the Santa Monica Mountains of Southern California was recently released in pdf format (2006 SEPT 12).

14. Mollusca - Wiktionary edit Proper noun. Wikipedia has an article on. mollusca Wikipedia. mollusca Retrieved from http//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mollusca http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mollusca

Mollusca From Wiktionary Jump to: navigation search Contents Translingual Etymology Proper noun See also ... edit Translingual edit Etymology Latin mollis soft edit Proper noun Wikipedia has an article on: Mollusca Wikipedia Mollusca a taxonomic phylum , within superphylum Protostomia - the molluscs or mollusks Wikispecies has information on: Mollusca Wikispecies edit See also Aplacophora Polyplacophora Monoplacophora Bivalvia ... Rostroconchia Retrieved from " http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mollusca Category Latin derivations Views Entry Discussion Edit History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main Page Community portal Requested entries Recent changes ... Contact us Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages ... Permanent link In other languages Deutsch This page was last modified 09:12, 20 October 2007. Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License About Wiktionary

15. Palaeos Metazoa: Mollusca: Phylum Mollusca An overview of the molluscs, with coverage of recent and extinct groups. http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Molluscs/Mollusca.htm

Palæos Mollusca METAZOA Mollusca Page Back Unit Back Metazoa Cladogram ... Page Next Unit Next Unit Home Unit Cladogram Unit References Glossary ... Time Phylum Mollusca PROTOSTOMIA ARTHROPODA Trilobita PANCRUSTACEA ... LOPHOTROCHOZOA MOLLUSCA BASAL MOLLUSCA Rostroconchia BIVALVIA CYRTOSOMA ... PULMONATA `ANNELIDA Unit Contents Mollusca Shell Morphology Basal Mollusca Bivalvia ... References Page Contents Mollusca Physiology Diversity Habitat ... Links The Mollusks are a large and diverse group of soft-bodied unsegmented animals. Nearly 130,000 recent species are known, and some 35,000 fossil species. They include many familiar animals, like snails, clams, squid, octopi, etc, as well as others not so well known. They range in size from microscopic forms to the giant squid (Architeuthis), and have a long and venerable history appearing during earliest Cambrian time, if not before. Physiology All mollusks possess some or all of the following characteristics: a muscular fleshy foot which with gastropods (snails) is used to crawl along with but in cephalopods is modified into tentacles a visceral mass containing the digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs

16. Zootaxa; Mollusca Chitons (mollusca Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897 http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Mollusca.html

ZOOTAXA Home Online issues Editor Author ... Subscription Mollusca GET Acrobat Reader for viewing PDF files Editor, Dr. D. L. Geiger geiger@vetigastropoda.com Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA Editor, Dr Rüdiger Bieler bieler@fieldmuseum.org Field Museum of Natural History, Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA. Editor, Dr. Marta deMaintenon demainte@hawaii.edu Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720-4091, USA Editor, Dr. Bernhard Ruthensteiner BRuthensteiner@zsm.mwn.de Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstrasse 21, D-81247 MUnchen, Germany. Editor, Dr. Michael Schroedl schroedl@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de Schroedl@zsm.mwn.de Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Muenchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 Munchen, Germany. Article Zo otaxa 2 Apr. 2008

17. General Zoology - Phylum Mollusca www.cbs.umn.edu/class/spring2000/biol/2012/mollusca.htm Similar pages COA ConchologyThe following classification reflects many changes in ideas of molluscan relationships in the last fifteen years, particularly among gastropods. http://www.cbs.umn.edu/class/spring2000/biol/2012/mollusca.htm

General Zoology (BIOL 2012) Go To Lecture Syllabus Phylum Mollusca "Next to Arthropoda, the phylum Mollusca has the most named species in the animal kingdom probably about 50,000 living species, not to mention some 35,000 fossil species discovered to date. The name Mollusca indicates one of their distinctive characteristics: a soft body." Hickman, C.P. and L.S. Roberts. 1994. Biology of Animals, Sixth Edition . Wm.C.Brown Publishers: Dubuque, Iowa. Page 499. Major Characteristics of Phylum Mollusca Body bilaterally symmetrical (bilateral asymmetry in some); unsegmented, usually with definite head; Ventral body wall specialized as a muscular foot , variously modified but used chiefly for locomotion; Dorsal body wall forms the mantle , which encloses the mantle cavity , is modified into gills or a lung , and secretes the shell shell absent in some); Surface epithelium usually ciliated and bearing mucous glands and sensory nerve endings; Coelom mainly limited to area around heart Complex digestive system; rasping organ (

18. Mollusca Invertebrates in the Plankton mollusca. The molluscs, including gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, and chitons, are the second largest of all invertebrate http://depts.washington.edu/fhl/zoo432/plankton/plmollusca/Molluscs.html

Invertebrates in the Plankton: Mollusca The molluscs, including gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, and chitons, are the second largest of all invertebrate groups. As adults, these animals have varied lifestyles, living in the water column, on rocky and sandy bottoms, within tidal flats and on rocky shores. We observed several planktonic molluscs, described below. For more information about the habitats of adult molluscs, see the other habitat pages This pedi-veliger larva is practially a juvenile clam. Notice its well-developed shell. Floating in the plankton, this animal consumes microscopic algae. It will soon settle and grow to be a benthic adult. In early stages of its development, this animal resembled the gastropod veliger below. The Lacuna veliger swims freely in the plankton, using large ciliated lobes for locomotion and food capture. At metamorphosis, the gastropod's body form changes dramatically. The cilated lobes, larval heart, and part of the larval excretory system are lost when the animal assumes its bethic adult form. Clione limacina , known commonly as a "sea butterfly," was one of the few completely pelagic adult gastropods we encountered in the plankton. This pteropod, as it is classified taxonomically, is quite cosmopolitan in its distribution, ranging throughout the northern oceans.

19. Mollusca The molluscs or mollusks are the large and diverse phylum mollusca, which includes a variety of familiar creatures wellknown for their decorative shells or http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/m/mollusca.htm

Science Reference Share Blog Print Email Bookmark Mollusca The molluscs or mollusks are the large and diverse phylum Mollusca, which includes a variety of familiar creatures well-known for their decorative shells or as seafood. See also: Zoology These range from tiny snails, clams, and abalone to the octopus and squid (which are considered the most intelligent invertebrates).. For more information about the topic Mollusca , read the full article at Wikipedia.org , or see the following related articles: Squid read more Intelligence of squid and octopuses read more ... read more Note: This page refers to an article that is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License . It uses material from the article Mollusca at Wikipedia.org. See the page for more details. Related Stories Shells Inspire Nano-battery Research For Cell Phones, PDAs (March 23, 2008) read more University Of Arizona Geoscientist Studies Clam Shells For Clues On Past Climate (October 23, 2000) read more Invasion Of Alien Parasite Halted; California Coast Cleared Of African Worm In Abalone (August 18, 1999) read more Octopus And Kin Inspire New Camouflage Strategies For Military Applications (November 19, 2007)

20. The Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca) An introduction to the biology, classification and ecology of Octopuses, Slugs, Snails and Squid the phylum mollusca. http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/mollusca.html

The Phylum Mollusca Etymology:- From the Latin Molluscus meaning soft of body. Characteristics of Mollusca:- 1)Bilaterally symmetrical. 2)Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs. 3)Body without cavity. 4)Body possesses a through gut with mouth and anus. 5)Body monomeric and highly variable in form, may possess a dorsal or lateral shells of protein and calcareous spicules. 6)Has a nervous system with a circum-oesophagal ring, ganglia and paired nerve chords. 7)Has an open circulatory system with a heart and an aorta. 8)Has gaseous exchange organs called ctenidial gills. 9)Has a pair of kidneys. 10)Reproduction normally sexual and gonochoristic. 11)Feed a wide range of material. 12)Live in most environments. Introduction After the Arthropods the Molluscs are the most successful of the animal phyla in terms of numbers of species. There are about 110,000 species known to science most of which are marine. They occupy a vast range of habitats however both aquatic and terrestrial, from the arctic seas to small tropical streams and from valleys to mountainsides 7,000 metres high, there are a few adapted to live in deserts and some are parasitic. They also exhibit an enormous range in size, from species which are almost microscopic to the largest of all invertebrates the giant squid which can weighs 270 kg and measures up to 12 metres long in the body, with tentacles as much as another 50 metres in length. Many species are common and many more a beautiful. Most species secrete a shell of some sort, these shells are long lasting and have been collected by human beings for thousands of years, some of these shells, and the pearls which come from oysters, which are also molluscs may be among the earliest forms of money.

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