21. Space Nuclear Power / Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Federation of American Scientists review of the topic. http://www.fas.org/nuke/space/index.html

FAS Homepage Nuclear Resources Index Search ... Join FAS SPACE NUCLEAR POWER / NUCLEAR THERMAL PROPULSION I Introduction Early Developments Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Rover / Nerva ... Other Early Programs Strategic Defense Initiative Introduction Power Sources Applications Evaluation Space Exploration Initiative Introduction Technical Concepts Development Issues Applications ... Status TIMBERWIND / Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Introduction TIMBERWIND Technical Concepts and Developments Applications ... Space Nuclear Power: Opening the Final Frontier by Gary L. Bennett, June 2006 (AIAA-2006-4191, presented at the 4th IECEC) Mission of Daring: The General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator by Gary L. Bennett and James J. Lombardo, et al, June 2006 (AIAA-2006-4096, presented at the 4th IECEC) The Timber Wind Special Access Program , Department of Defense Inspector General Audit Report No. 93-033, December 16, 1992 Background on Space Nuclear Power by Steven Aftergood, Science and Global Security , 1989, Volume 1. Atomic Power in Space: A History , prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, March 1987

22. Deep Space 1: Advanced Technologies: Solar Electric Propulsion FAQ A beginner s overview of ion propulsion. http://nmp.nasa.gov/ds1/tech/ionpropfaq.html

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ION PROPULSION What is ion propulsion? Ion propulsion is a technology that involves ionizing a gas to propel a craft. Instead of a spacecraft being propelled with standard chemicals, the gas xenon (which is like neon or helium, but heavier) is given an electrical charge, or ionized. It is then electrically accelerated to a speed of about 30 km/second. When xenon ions are emitted at such high speed as exhaust from a spacecraft, they push the spacecraft in the opposite direction. What implications does this technology have for space exploration? If DS1 shows that electric propulsion works as well as is expected, there will be many new missions that will take advantage of it. Deep Space 4 is expected to use four ion engines to fly alongside a comet in 2004 so that it can land. Ion propulsion is not of value for missions that require high acceleration, and it often will not be worthwhile for missions that can be done quickly using conventional propulsion systems (such as missions to the moon). But for a wide variety of missions with high energy requirements (such as missions to asteroids and comets, Mercury and the inner solar system, and some to the outer solar system), the low but steady acceleration of ion propulsion wins out over the less efficient bursts from chemical alternatives. Why has NASA not used this technology before?

23. Propulsion Ventures - Welcome Founded in 1995, propulsion Ventures is a top tier venture capital firm with $200 million under management. propulsion actively invests in promising http://www.propulsionventures.com/

Afficher_Flash("propulsion.swf"); 2007/11/29 : Shopit Partners with Netvibes to Add Free Commerce and Shopping to Custom Home Pages. read it read it 2007/10/01 : Seasoned Software Industry Expert Joins dna13 as Chairman. read it 2007/05/08 : dna13 Raises $5M in Series A Funding - Company set to accelerate sales, marketing and partnerships. read it 2007/09/12 : Palo Alto, California; Quebec City, Canada - Coveo Solutions Inc., a global provider of secure enterprise search solutions, announced today that its patented Coveo Audio and Video Search (CAVS) technology was selected by editors of KMWorld Magazine as one of the "Trend-Setting Products of 2007." [ read it 2006/10/25 : Coveo Solutions Inc., announce that it has secured $6 million through a Series A Preferred venture capital financing agreement read it 2006/09/20 : MODASolutions Secures US $11 Million in Funding read it 2006/06/12 : Propulsion Ventures announces the sale of Montreal-based VertigoXmedia read it 2006/05/11 : Propulsion Ventures announces the sale of Montreal-based Interstar Technologies read it 2006/04/06 : Propulsion Ventures announces the appointment of two new partners: Thomas Birch and David Bernardi read it 2006/02/27 : Launch of Propulsion Ventures III S.E.C. Fund

24. Ion Propulsion - Over 50 Years In The Making April 6, 1999 The ion propulsion system on Deep Space 1 is the culmination of over 50 years of development on electric engine systems in space. http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/prop06apr99_2.htm

Space Science News home ION PROPULSION Over 50 Years in the Making April 6, 1999: The ion propulsion system on Deep Space 1 is the culmination of over 50 years of development on electric engine systems in space. Launched on Oct. 24, 1998, Deep Space 1 will be the first spacecraft to actually use ion propulsion to reach another planetary body. The engineering that makes this possible represents a journey that started more than half a century ago, when modern rocketry was invented. Looking back, Ernst Stuhlinger, a world expert on electric propulsion, said that the technology "owed its life-giving spark to Wernher von Braun." Recent Headlines December 3: Mars Polar Lander nears touchdown December 2: What next, Leonids? November 30: Polar Lander Mission Overview November 30: Learning how to make a clean sweep in space Dr. Wernher von Braun, a rocket scientist from Germany, was first introduced to the possibility of electric propulsion in the 1930s, through his mentor, Dr. Hermann Oberth. But von Braun started his career working on chemical propulsion systems. Right: An artist's concept depicts the Deep Space 1 probe with its ion engine operating at full thrust. (Links to

25. Mechanized Propulsion Systems General info on the creation of real, life size mecha. http://www.mechaps.com/

Terms of Use Terms of Use

26. Imaging Radar Home Page At The NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory The JPL Imaging Radar Home Page provides access to images from and information about NASA s shuttle imaging radar missions. http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/

27. JPL Robotics: Home Page This NASA Jet propulsion Lab group performs research, development, and tests of mobile robots in support of planetary exploration missions and terrestrial http://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/

+ View the NASA Portal Search JPL MOBILITY AND ROBOTIC SYSTEMS Section 347 Richard Volpe , Manager Gabriel Udomkesmalee , Deputy Manager Press release photos from Spirit and Opportunity Welcome to the JPL Robotics website! Here you'll find detailed descriptions of the activities of the Mobility and Robotic Systems Section, as well as related robotics efforts around the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We are approximately 100 engineers working on all aspects of robotics for space exploration and related terrestrial applications. We write autonomy software that drives rovers on Mars, and operations software to monitor and control them from Earth. We do the same for their instrument-placement and sampling arms, and are developing new systems with many limbs for walking and climbing. To achieve mobility off the surface, we are creating prototypes of airships to fly through the atmospheres of Titan and Venus, and drills and probes to go underground on Mars and Europa. To enable all of these robots to interact with their surroundings, we make them see with cameras and measure their environments with other sensors. Based on these measurements, the robots control themselves with algorithms also developed by our research teams. We capture the control-and-sensor-processing software in unifying frameworks, which enable reuse and transfer among our projects. In the course of developing this technology, we build real end-to-end systems as well as high-fidelity simulations of how the robots will work on worlds we are planning to visit.

28. PO.DAAC Home The NASA Jet propulsion Laboratory PO.DAAC is responsible for archiving and distributing data relevant to the physical state of the ocean. http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/

+ View the NASA Portal Search New GOES Sea Surface Temperature Product! Jason-1 MODIS QuikSCAT ... All OVW Products High Resolution Global-Ocean and Sea-Ice Data Synthesis. More... S CCOOS Southern Cal. Coastal Ocean Observing System. More... GHRSST/GDAC Portal to the GODAE High Resolution SST Pilot Project. More... PO.DAAC's Hurricane/Typhoon Tracker. More... Educational Site: http://oceanmotion.org/ User Services: podaac@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov Freedom of Information Act here // var NTPT_PGEXTRA = ''; // var NTPT_PGREFTOP = false; // var NTPT_NOINITIALTAG = false;

29. Peroxide Propulsion :: Peroxide Propulsion Peroxide propulsion, Gothenburg, Sweden, is a producer of Rocket Grade Hydrogen Peroxide, also called HTP (High Test Peroxide). Start of production was in http://www.peroxidepropulsion.com/

Home Products About Us Applications ... News Peroxide Propulsion Stuart Ross Rocketbelt Peroxide Propulsion, Gothenburg, Sweden, is a producer of Rocket Grade Hydrogen Peroxide , also called HTP (High Test Peroxide). Start of production was in May, 2006. Lower grade hydrogen peroxide is concentrated to 80-90% concentration in the plant and treated in special processes to receive very pure products well suited for gas generation and rocket propulsion. Read about the products that in addition to hydrogen peroxide includes decomposition catalysts. Background Monopropellant hydrogen peroxide rockets are mechanically simple and have a low weight while still being powerful. On the following pages we will describe how these rockets work and about our own work in the field. You will get some guidelines on how to design a rocket system and you can buy the catalyst needed to decompose the hydrogen peroxide to hot steam and oxygen. The rockets are best suited when you need a low weight engine to develop a high power during shorter periods of time because they have a high fuel consumption. A light weight autogyro (gyroplane) needs 1 liter of hydrogen peroxide during 15 seconds, to take off vertically with hydrogen peroxide rockets at the rotor tips. After take-off, the autogyro is powered with a propeller and a conventional combustion engine (or towed after a car if it is a glider). Drag racing and personal rocket belts are other examples where hydrogen peroxide rockets are used. You will find more fascinating uses on the following pages - both historically, like during WWII, and today.

30. Howstuffworks "How Fusion Propulsion Will Work" Using current rocket engine technology, a trip to Mars takes seven months. Fusion propulsion would cut that trip in half. Find out what fusion is and how it http://www.howstuffworks.com/fusion-propulsion.htm

HowStuffWorks.com RSS Make HowStuffWorks your homepage Get Newsletter Search HowStuffWorks and the web: Science Space Future Space Related Categories: REFERENCE LINKS Print Email Cite Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this How Stuff Works article: How Fusion Propulsion Will Work by Kevin Bonsor Inside This Article Introduction to How Fusion Propulsion Will Work What is Fusion? Flying on Fusion Power Lots More Information See all ... articles Humans have landed on the moon several times, and flying into Earth orbit today seems routine. Space is even a long-term settlement to some astronauts onboard the International Space Station . However, when you think of the size of our solar system, not to mention the universe, we have just taken baby steps into space. In order to go to Mars and other planets that are out of the reach of conventional rocket engines NASA is developing several advanced propulsion systems, including one that harnesses the power of the sun Photo courtesy NASA Artist's concept of a fusion-powered space vehicle approaching the Saturn moon Titan Basically, fusion-powered spacecraft are designed to recreate the same types of high-temperature reactions that occur in the core of the sun. The enormous energy created from those reactions is expelled from the engine to provide thrust. Using this type of propulsion system, a spacecraft could speed to Mars in just about three months. It would take conventional rockets at least seven months to reach Mars.

31. EPPDyL- Princeton University Electric Propulsion And Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Research in electric propulsion, plasma thrusters and fundamental problems in plasma physics. Princeton University. http://alfven.princeton.edu/

32. MIT OpenCourseWare | Aeronautics And Astronautics | 16.522 Space Propulsion, Spr from course home page Space propulsion begins with a review of......Reviews rocket propulsion fundamentals. Discusses advanced concepts in http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Aeronautics-and-Astronautics/16-522Spring2004/CourseHo

skip to content Home Courses Donate ... Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Propulsion 16.522 Space Propulsion Spring 2004 A Magneto Plasma Dynamic (MPD) thruster test firing at MIT's Astrovac. (Image courtesy of MIT.) Course Highlights This site includes complete lecture notes and assignments for this semester. Course Description Space Propulsion begins with a review of rocket propulsion fundamentals. The course then proceeds into advanced propulsion concepts, ranging from chemical to electrical engines. Propulsion system selection criteria and mission analysis are introduced. The bulk of the semester is devoted to the physics and engineering of various engine classes, including electrothermal, electrostatic and electro-magnetic. Specific topics include arcjets, ion engines, Hall thrusters and colloid thrusters. Staff Instructor: Prof. Manuel Martinez-Sanchez Course Meeting Times Lectures: Two sessions / week 1.5 hours / session Level Graduate Feedback Send feedback on this course. RSS Feeds Site Map Your use of the MIT OpenCourseWare site and course materials is subject to our Creative Commons License and other terms of use.

33. Welcome To The Fuelcell Propulsion Institute The Fuelcell propulsion Institute (since 1996) is an international nonprofit organization advocating for commercialization of fuelcell vehicles for industry http://www.fuelcellpropulsion.org/

34. Journal Of Propulsion And Power JOURNAL OF propulsion AND POWER. Editorin-Chief Vigor Yang Time-Resolved Measurements of Impulse Generation in Pulsed Laser-Ablative propulsion http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=322&lupubid=24

35. Soft Skull: Deviant Propulsion By CAConrad I submit that CAConrad s Deviant propulsion, with its sculpted, condensed stanzas of rare, highspirited outpourings be slated for immediate worldwide http://www.softskull.com/detailedbook.php?isbn=1-932360-87-5

36. Spacetoday.net: ATV Propulsion Glitch Resolved European engineers have resolved a problem with the propulsion system on the first ATV cargo spacecraft, keeping the mission on track for a docking with http://www.spacetoday.net/Summary/4121

news by topic special sections weblog about us ATV propulsion glitch resolved Posted: Wed, Mar 12, 2008, 5:46 AM ET (0946 GMT) European engineers have resolved a problem with the propulsion system on the first ATV cargo spacecraft, keeping the mission on track for a docking with the International Space Station next month. Shortly after its launch early Sunday, spacecraft controllers noticed a problem with the primary propulsion system on the ATV, where a "significant difference" in pressure between the fuel and oxidizer in the primary propulsion system caused computers on the spacecraft to shut it down. Engineers uplinked new commands to the spacecraft's electronics and, after shutting down the spacecraft's entire propulsion system, turned it back on successfully. The ATV performed a series of maneuvers on Tuesday that confirmed the propulsion system was working well. The spacecraft, the first in a series of European robotic cargo spacecraft, is still scheduled to dock with the ISS in early April after performing a number of approach and rendezvous tests after the current shuttle mission. Related Links: New Scientist article Space News article (subscription required) BBC article ESA press release ... Email this summary news in brief ATV makes first close approach to ISS Posted: Sun, Mar 30 9:34 AM ET (1334 GMT)

37. Propulsion.com Home Page This web site is operated for the professional and business purposes of Dr. William H. Heiser, an eminent worldwide authority on airbreathing propulsion and http://www.propulsion.com/

38. ESA Science & Technology: Electric Spacecraft Propulsion Development of electrical propulsion systems has been stimulated by limitations in conventional chemical propulsion that derive from Newton s laws of http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=34201

39. Electric Propulsion -- University Of Michigan Plasmadynamics & Electric Propulsi The Plasmadynamics and Electric propulsion Laboratory (PEPL) at the University of Michigan. http://aerospace.engin.umich.edu/spacelab/

Home Affiliations Diagnostics Facilities ... New publications: th JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, May 14-17, 2007. W elcome to the Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory (PEPL) at the University of Michigan Department of Aerospace Engineering . The lab was founded in 1992 under the direction of Professor Alec Gallimore and since that time has been embarked on an experimental and theoretical program with the following goals: To make electric propulsion (EP) devices more efficient and of better performance; To understand spacecraft integration issues that could impede the widespread use of these devices on scientific, commercial, and military spacecraft; and To identify non-propulsion applications of EP systems (e.g., plasma processing, space-plasma simulation). The centerpiece of the laboratory is the large vacuum test facility that was built in the early 1960s by the Bendix corporation and was later donated to the university in 1982. This cylindrical stainless-steel clad tank, which is 9 m long and 6 m in diameter, is the largest vacuum facility of its kind at any university in the nation. At high-vacuum, the chamber employs seven cryopumps, with a combined pumping speed of 500,000 l/s on air, and 240,000 l/s on xenon. University of Michigan Contact the PEPL Director or the Webmaster Last Revised: 11/30/2006 11:56 AM URL:

40. NASA IN-Space Propulsion This is the objective of NASA’s InSpace propulsion Technology Program to develop in-space propulsion technologies that can enable or benefit science at http://www.inspacepropulsion.com/

The nasa.gov site requires that JavaScripts be enabled in your browser. For instructions, click here + Glenn Home + NASA Home Advanced Electric Propulsion Technology + View Electric Propulsion Fact Sheet NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) + View the NEXT Fact Sheet Low Thrust Trajectory Tool Development (LTTT) + Click here to visit the LTTT site Aerocapture Technology + View Aerocapture Fact Sheet Systems Analysis + View Systems Analysis Fact Sheet Advanced Checmial Propulsion Technology + View Advanced Chemical Fact Sheet IN-SPACE PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW Innovative space transportation systems now in development by NASA and its partners promise a new era of scientific discovery in space. But the struggle to unlock the secrets of our solar system presents unique new challenges. Central among them: faster access throughout the solar system, and the ability to rendezvous with, orbit and conduct in situ exploration of planets, satellites and other solar system bodies. This is the objective of NASA’s In-Space Propulsion Technology Program: to develop in-space propulsion technologies that can enable or benefit science at new destinations; to significantly reduce the time, cost and mass required for spacecraft to reach their destinations - in other words, to "Get More Science Sooner". Accomplishment of this objective will allow mission planners to shift their focus from the difficulty of the journey to the science challenges at the destination. To read more about the planned missions of the Science Mission Directorate, click

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