41. The Piracy Paradox: Financial Page: The New Yorker The paradox stems from the basic dilemma that underpins the economics of fashion for the industry to keep growing, customers must like this year’s designs, http://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2007/09/24/070924ta_talk_surowiecki

@import "/css/global.css"; @import "/css/article.css"; @import "/css/clear-children.css"; Skip to content Subscribe to The New Yorker Give a gift Renew your Subscription ... The Talk of the Town The Financial Page The Piracy Paradox by James Surowiecki September 24, 2007 Text Size: Small Text Medium Text Large Text Print ... Feeds Keywords Fashion Designers Knockoffs Intellectual Property Innovation ... Patents ILLUSTRATION: CHRISTOPH NIEMANN Print E-Mail Feeds Share: Digg facebook the_new_yorker:http://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2007/09/24/070924ta_talk_surowiecki More More In This Section The Financial Page: Going for Broke by James Surowiecki The Financial Page: Too Dumb To Fail by James Surowiecki The Financial Page: What Microloans Miss by James Surowiecki The Financial Page: Home Economics by James Surowiecki ... View All Richard Brody talks Goings On Barbara Smaller bids farewell. Sasha Frere-Jones gets tips from a bartender.

42. The Berry Paradox I have a new proof based on the Berry paradox that I d like to tell you about. Gödel said, ``It doesn t matter which paradox you use. http://www.umcs.maine.edu/~chaitin/unm2.html

The Berry Paradox G. J. Chaitin, IBM Research Division, P. O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, chaitin@watson.ibm.com Complexity 1:1 (1995), pp. 26-30 Lecture given Wednesday 27 October 1993 at a Physics - Computer Science Colloquium at the University of New Mexico. The lecture was videotaped; this is an edited transcript. It also incorporates remarks made at the Limits to Scientific Knowledge meeting held at the Santa Fe Institute 24-26 May 1994. What is the paradox of the liar? Well, the paradox of the liar is ``This statement is false!'' Why is this a paradox? What does ``false'' mean? Well, ``false'' means ``does not correspond to reality.'' This statement says that it is false. If that doesn't correspond to reality, it must mean that the statement is true, right? On the other hand, if the statement is true it means that what it says corresponds to reality. But what it says is that it is false. Therefore the statement must be false. So whether you assume that it's true or false, you must conclude the opposite! So this is the paradox of the liar. Now let's look at the Berry paradox. First of all, why ``Berry''? Well it has nothing to do with fruit! This paradox was published at the beginning of this century by Bertrand Russell. Now there's a famous paradox which is called Russell's paradox and this is not it! This is another paradox that he published. I guess people felt that if you just said the Russell paradox and there were two of them it would be confusing. And Bertrand Russell when he published this paradox had a footnote saying that it was suggested to him by an Oxford University librarian, a Mr G. G. Berry. So it ended up being called the Berry paradox even though it was published by Russell.

43. Foreign Affairs - The Saudi Paradox - Michael Scott Doran The Saudi paradox By Michael Scott Doran. From Foreign Affairs , January/February 2004. Summary Saudi Arabia is in the throes of a crisis, but its elite is http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040101faessay83105/michael-scott-doran/the-saudi

Advanced Search CFR.org A daily guide to the most influential analysis from the Council on Foreign Relations, publisher of Foreign Affairs INTERVIEW: Iraqi Prime Minister 'Irrelevant' in Shiite Power Struggle March 26, 2008 INTERVIEW: Election of New President in Taiwan Likely to Improve Taiwan-China Relations March 24, 2008 BACKGROUNDER: Zimbabwe's Security Sector March 24, 2008 How to Promote Global Health Roundtable on the Iraq Study Group Report A Roundtable What to Do in Iraq: A Roundtable Confidence in U.S. Foreign Policy Index The Saudi Paradox Michael Scott Doran From Foreign Affairs January/February 2004 Article Tools Email to a Colleague Print Article Summary: Saudi Arabia is in the throes of a crisis, but its elite is bitterly divided on how to escape it. Crown Prince Abdullah leads a camp of liberal reformers seeking rapprochement with the West, while Prince Nayef, the interior minister, sides with an anti-American Wahhabi religious establishment that has much in common with al Qaeda. Abdullah cuts a higher profile abroad but at home Nayef casts a longer and darker shadow. Michael Scott Doran is Assistant Professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University and Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.

44. Etsy :: Slevin11 :: Button Paradox A common paradox is going on between these two buttons. My gut tells me the blue is correct. But if the blue button is true it MUST be false. http://www.etsy.com/view_listing.php?listing_id=9622457

45. Zeno's Paradoxes Among the most famous of Zeno s paradoxes involves Achilles and the tortoise, who are going to run a race. Achilles, being confident of victory, http://www.jimloy.com/physics/zeno.htm

Return to my Physics pages Go to my home page Zeno's Paradoxes Among the most famous of Zeno's "paradoxes" involves Achilles and the tortoise, who are going to run a race. Achilles, being confident of victory, gives the tortoise a head start. Zeno supposedly proves that Achilles can never overtake the tortoise. Here, I paraphrase Zeno's argument: Before Achilles can overtake the tortoise, he must first run to point A, where the tortoise started. But then the tortoise has crawled to point B. Now Achilles must run to point B. But the tortoise has gone to point C, etc. Achilles is stuck in a situation in which he gets closer and closer to the tortoise, but never catches him. What Zeno is doing here, and in one of his other paradoxes, is to divide Achilles' journey into an infinite number of pieces. This is certainly permissible, as any line segment can be divided into an infinite number of points or line segments. This, in effect, divides Achilles' run into an infinite number of tasks. He must pass point A, then B, then C, etc. And what Zeno is arguing is that you can't do an infinite number of tasks in a finite amount of time. Why not? Zeno says that you can divide a line into an infinite number of pieces. And then he says that you cannot divide a time interval into an infinite number of pieces. This is inconsistent.

46. Newcomb's Paradox Newcomb s paradox, named after its creator, physicist William Newcomb, is one of the most widely debated paradoxes of recent times. http://members.aol.com/kiekeben/newcomb.html

Newcomb's Paradox Newcomb's paradox, named after its creator, physicist William Newcomb, is one of the most widely debated paradoxes of recent times. It was first made popular by Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick. The following is based on Martin Gardner's and Robert Nozick's Scientific American papers on the subject, both of which can be found in Gardner's book Knotted Doughnuts . The paradox goes like this: A highly superior being from another part of the galaxy presents you with two boxes, one open and one closed. In the open box there is a thousand-dollar bill. In the closed box there is either one million dollars or there is nothing. You are to choose between taking both boxes or taking the closed box only. But there's a catch. The being claims that he is able to predict what any human being will decide to do. If he predicted you would take only the closed box, then he placed a million dollars in it. But if he predicted you would take both boxes, he left the closed box empty. Furthermore, he has run this experiment with 999 people before, and has been right every time. What do you do?

47. Stevenberlinjohnson.com: The Pothole Paradox I started calling it The Pothole paradox earlier this year, using another street construction metaphor, well before my friends ran into trouble with their http://www.stevenberlinjohnson.com/the-pothole-paradox.html

stevenberlinjohnson.com The Pothole Paradox Why Building The Geographic Web Is Hard, and Why It's Worth Doing (It's been almost exactly a year since we first put up the prototype for outside.in , and this week we've just launched a major new iteration of the site . It seemed like a fitting occasion to write out in longer format some of my thinking about where all this is heading.) A few months ago, old friends (and neighbors) of mine decided to embark on what was originally going to be a small renovation of their basement. Somehow, over the course of the construction work, the foundation of their 19th-century brownstone was compromised to the point where one structural engineer advised that they move out of the house until the problem had been fixed. There were a few days of panic, but after the contractor did some work shoring up the basement, my friends were told that the house had been temporarily stabilized assuming that there were no abnormal vibrations or earthquakes in the vicinity. (Living in Brooklyn, earthquakes were not exactly in the forecast.) And in another month or two, when the final work was done, the house would actually be more stable than it had originally been. But then, just the other day, while chatting with a neighbor, my friend learned that the city was days away from starting a major sewage pipe replacement project on their very block, closing down the street with jackhammers and diggers carving out a ten foot hole in the pavement. In other words, a veritable symphony of abnormal vibrations thundering through their house for six straight weeks.

48. Olbers' Paradox This is Olbers paradox. It can be traced as far back as Kepler in 1610. It was rediscussed by Halley and Cheseaux in the eighteen century, http://www.weburbia.com/physics/olber.html

[Relativity FAQ] updated: 24-JAN-1993 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase Olbers' Paradox Why isn't the night sky as uniformly bright as the surface of the Sun? If the Universe has infinitely many stars, then it should be. After all, if you move the Sun twice as far away from us, we will intercept one-fourth as many photons, but the Sun will subtend one-fourth of the angular area. So the areal intensity remains constant. With infinitely many stars, every angular element of the sky should have a star, and the entire heavens should be as bright as the sun. We should have the impression that we live in the center of a hollow black body whose temperature is about 6000 degrees Centigrade. This is Olbers' paradox. It can be traced as far back as Kepler in 1610. It was rediscussed by Halley and Cheseaux in the eighteen century, but was not popularized as a paradox until Olbers took up the issue in the nineteenth century. There are many possible explanations which have been considered. Here are a few: There's too much dust to see the distant stars.

49. Zeno And The Paradox Of Motion In any case, although we cannot know for sure how Zeno himself viewed his paradoxes , we can nevertheless examine the arguments themselves, as they ve come http://www.mathpages.com/rr/s3-07/3-07.htm

3.7  Zeno and the Paradox of Motion We may say a thing is at rest when it has not changed its position between now and then, but there is no ‘then’ in ‘now’, so there is no being at rest. Both motion and rest, then, must necessarily occupy time.                                                                                                                 Aristotle, 350 BC The Eleatic school of philosophers was founded by the religious thinker and poet Xenophanes (born c. 570 BC), whose main teaching was that the universe is singular, eternal, and unchanging. "The all is one." According to this view, as developed by later members of the Eleatic school, the appearances of multiplicity, change, and motion are mere illusions. Interestingly, the colony of Elea was founded by a group of Ionian Greeks who, in 545 BC, had been besieged in their seaport city of Phocaea by an invading Persian army, and were ultimately forced to evacuate by sea. They sailed to the island of Corsica , and occupied it after a terrible sea battle with the navies of Carthage and the Etruscans. Just ten years later, in 535 BC, the Carthagians and Etruscans regained the island, driving the Phocaean refugees once again into the sea. This time they landed on the southwestern coast of

50. The Fermi Paradox Nasa s Terrestrial Planet Finder an artistic view, The Fermi paradox is the apparent contradiction between the high probability extraterrestrial http://www.fermisparadox.com/

Fermi Paradox Nasa's Terrestrial Planet Finder - an artistic view The Fermi Paradox is the apparent contradiction between the high probability extraterrestrial civilizations' existence and the lack of contact with such civilizations. Introduction Where are they? Favorable conditions Detecting other civilizations ... Resources Updated August 21th 2007 shinjuku jackpot Dominican Republic hotels thailand ... atkins diet

51. Paradox Or Fallacy A discussion on paradox, with the goal being to determine what is paradox and what is fallacy. http://www.paradoxes.info/

Preface As part of a Philosophy paper (Phil 310 - Logic) I sat at the University of Canterbury (Christchurch, New Zealand), I had the pleasure of being intorduced to the paradox. The textbook for the course was Paradoxes (Sainsbury, Mark - 1997, 2nd Ed, Cambridge University Press). Upon reading the book, I decided that at least half of the so-called "paradoxes" were not paradoxes at all - they were merely poorly reasoned arguments. Armed with this belief, I searched the web for any discussion of paradoxes. The results where somewhat disappointing. There are plenty of pages dedicated to paradoxes but unfortunately, they rarely go past the explanation of the paradox. It is for this reason that I have taken it upon myself to create a discussion on paradox, with the goal being to detirmine what is paradox and what is fallacy. Introduction A paradox can be defined as a contradiction derived from seemingly valid reasoning and true premises. All reasoning is built upon the assumption that all contradictions are unacceptable. Therefore, to hold a paradox as being acceptable is irrational. A fallacy is an misleading argument or one that contains faulty reasoning. If an argument can be reduced to a contradiction then it suggests that either one of the premises is at fault or that the reasoning is suspect. I suspect all of the "paradoxes" on this site to fall into this category.

52. Peter Suber, Paradox Of Self-Amendment, Table Of Contents The paradox of omnipotence, the barber, and the liar Attempts to Dissolve the paradox SelfEmbracing Omnipotence and Specific Authorization (22.5k) http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/writing/psa/index.htm

The Paradox of Self-Amendment: A Study of Law, Logic, Omnipotence, and Change Peter Suber Philosophy Department Earlham College This book was originally published by Peter Lang Publishing, 1990. It is now out of print. Peter Suber Table of Contents Now searchable Preface to the Print Edition Why bother? Outline ... Bibliography Index I omit the index from this HTML edition. Search the online edition of this book. Multiple words are linked by the selected Boolean operator. Word fragments return all completions, e.g. amend returns amend amends amended amending amendment and so on. Your search string Boolean AND OR Case insensitive sensitive Peter Suber Department of Philosophy Earlham College , Richmond, Indiana, 47374, U.S.A. peters@earlham.edu

53. The Birthday Paradox For this reason, the problem is often called the Birthday paradox. Some sharpies recommend betting, at even money, that there are duplicate birthdays among http://www.efgh.com/math/birthday.htm

The Birthday Paradox Philip J. Erdelsky July 4, 2001 Please e-mail comments, corrections and additions to the webmaster at pje@efgh.com A favorite problem in elementary probability and statistics courses is the Birthday Problem: What is the probability that at least two of N randomly selected people have the same birthday? (Same month and day, but not necessarily the same year.) A second part of the problem: How large must N be so that the probability is greater than 50 percent? The answer is 23, which strikes most people as unreasonably small. For this reason, the problem is often called the Birthday Paradox. Some sharpies recommend betting, at even money, that there are duplicate birthdays among any group of 23 or more people. Presumably, there are some ill-informed suckers who will accept the bet. The problem is usually simplified by assuming two things: Nobody was born on February 29. People's birthdays are equally distributed over the other 365 days of the year. One of the first things to notice about this problem is that it is much easier to solve the complementary problem: What is the probability that N randomly selected people have all different birthdays? We can write this as a recursive function: Obviously, for N = 1 the probability is 1. For N>1, the probability is the product of two probabilities:

54. John Resig - The Performance Paradox The Performance paradox. Just because a test is good at measuring performance for one metric, doesn t mean that it s good for all metrics. http://ejohn.org/blog/the-performance-paradox/

Home Archives Projects About Me ... Subscribe The Performance Paradox Just because a test is good at measuring performance for one metric, doesn't mean that it's good for all metrics. The other day I posted about some JavaScript Library Loading Speed Tests that were done by the PBWiki team. I made some conclusions about JavaScript Library Loading speed that, I think, were pretty interesting - however, I mentioned some browser load performance results (at the end of the post) which were especially problematic. This brings up an important point from the performance results: User-generated performance results are a dual-edged sword. Assuming that there's no cheating involved (which is a big assumption) then quietly collecting data from users can provide interesting results. HOWEVER - how that data is analyzed can wildly effect the quality of your results. Analyzed correctly and you can start to get a picture for how JavaScript libraries perform on page load, incorrectly and you might assume that specific browsers are broken, slow, or providing incorrect results. There's a ton of examples of misinformation, relating to browsers, within

55. The Paradox Of The Best Network This is the paradox of the Best Network. It lies beneath the sudden stoppage of infrastructure innovation and growth in 2001. http://www.netparadox.com/

The Paradox of the Best Network David Isenberg and David Weinberger The communications revolution has been thwarted Just a few short months ago, it seemed that humanity stood on the edge of a communications revolution. New technology promised to topple barriers of space and time. We were on the verge of inventing new ways for the world to work and play together. We were giddy with possibility. Now a grim face replaces yesterday's optimism. Prospects of new connectedness recede as capital markets tighten, existing telephone companies back off on capital expenditures, established communications equipment suppliers falter, and ambitious new telecom companies fail. But not by technology Despite the darkened outlook, new communications capabilities are within reach that will make the current Internet look like tin cans and string. The technical know-how exists. Radically simplified technologies can blast bits a million times faster than the current network at a millionth of the cost. These are sitting in laboratories undeveloped, in warehouses undeployed , and in the field underutilized.

56. Grandfather Paradox Time travel is impossible as exemplified by the famous grandfather paradox. Imagine you build a time machine. It is possible for you to travel back in time, http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/grandfather_paradox.html

Grandfather Paradox Time travel is impossible as exemplified by the famous grandfather paradox. Imagine you build a time machine. It is possible for you to travel back in time, meet your grandfather before he produces any children (i.e. your father/mother) and kill him. Thus, you would not have been born and the time machine would not have been built, a paradox. Perhaps the craziest of the time travel paradoxes was cooked up by Robert Heinlein in his classic short story "All You Zombies." A baby girl is mysteriously dropped off at an orphanage in Cleveland in 1945. "Jane" grows up lonely and dejected, not knowing who her parents are, until one day in 1963 she is strangely attracted to a drifter. She falls in love with him. But just when things are finally looking up for Jane, a series of disasters strike. First, she becomes pregnant by the drifter, who then disappears. Second, during the complicated delivery, doctors find that Jane has both sets of sex organs, and to save her life, they are forced to surgically convert "her" to a "him." Finally, a mysterious stranger kidnaps her baby from the delivery room. Reeling from these disasters, rejected by society, scorned by fate, "he" becomes a drunkard and drifter. Not only has Jane lost her parents and her lover, but he has lost his only child as well. Years later, in 1970, he stumbles into a lonely bar, called Pop's Place, and spills out his pathetic story to an elderly bartender. The sympathetic bartender offers the drifter the chance to avenge the stranger who left her pregnant and abandoned, on the condition that he join the "time travelers corps." Both of them enter a time machine, and the bartender drops off the drifter in 1963. The drifter is strangely attracted to a young orphan woman, who subsequently becomes pregnant.

57. The Space Review: The Other Side Of The Fermi Paradox Feb 19, 2007 The relatively short time it would take to colonize the galaxy forms the basis of the Fermi paradox. (credit NASA) http://www.thespacereview.com/article/810/1

The other side of the Fermi paradox by Michael Huang Monday, February 19, 2007 By examining the possible futures of extraterrestrial civilizations, we are simultaneously examining the possible futures of our own civilization. Not every solution to the Fermi paradox is applicable to human civilization. All those which state that extraterrestrial intelligence does not exist in the first place are irrelevant (unless you argue that there is no intelligent life on Earth!). But many others are relevant and interesting predictions of the future of humankind. Park hypothesis World of Warcraft and Second Life have already gained a reputation for being addictive and all-consuming. Future generations of these immersive fantasy worlds will compel more people to neglect the real world. While staying on Earth is a mediocre future for humankind, of course the worst possible future is extinction. Webb discusses gamma ray bursts and asteroid collisions as natural extinction events. A technological civilization is itself a risk, with its nuclear and biological weapons. In addition, Webb describes the exotic possibility of powerful, autonomous alien weapons (Solution 22: Berserkers) that either deliberately or inadvertently destroy all civilizations that they find. The Fermi paradox is based on the premise that it is natural, logical and right for extraterrestrial civilizations to colonize space. The other side of the Fermi paradox is that it is natural, logical, and right for human civilization to colonize space. Anti-human-spaceflight advocates tend to hold the contradictory idea that colonization is alright for extraterrestrials, but wrong and immoral for us. However, colonizing and populating space is advantageous for every civilization; whether it happens to be extraterrestrial or terrestrial is beside the point.

58. Art:21 . Season Four . Episode: "Paradox" . Contemporary Art Documentary Film | The Art21 documentary “paradox” explores these questions in the work of the artists Allora Calzadilla, Mark Bradford, Robert Ryman, and Catherine http://www.pbs.org/art21/series/seasonfour/paradox.html

var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Robert Adams Laylah Ali Laurie Anderson Eleanor Antin ... shop season 4 (2007) overview companion products educators' guide credits ... SHOP How do contemporary artists address contradiction, ambiguity, and truth? The Art:21 documentary explores these questions in the work of the artists Mark Bradford Robert Ryman , and Catherine Sullivan special features SLIDESHOW VIDEO SLIDESHOW VIDEO: ... Mark Bradford Mark Bradford VIDEO: VIDEO: VIDEO: VIDEO: ... Catherine Sullivan Despite a family background in the visual arts (her mother worked at the famous Los Angeles-based Gemini G.E.L. print studio), Catherine Sullivan VIDEO: VIDEO: Working with Actors VIDEO: VIDEO: Robert Ryman Growing up in Nashville, Robert Ryman VIDEO: VIDEO: VIDEO: VIDEO: Squares Jennifer Allora of the work with her collaborator since 1995

59. Twin Paradox Home TWIN paradox. HOME STORE PRODUCTS EVENTS BLOG. 8609 SE 17th Ave, Mon Thurs 630 am - 1100 pm. Portland, OR 97202. Friday 630 am - midnight http://www.twinparadoxpdx.com/

TWIN PARADOX HOME STORE PRODUCTS EVENTS ... BLOG 8609 SE 17th Ave Mon - Thurs 6:30 am - 11:00 pm Portland, OR 97202 Friday 6:30 am - midnight Saturday 7:00 am - midnight MAP Sunday 7:00 am - 11:00 pm contact us: coffee@twinparadoxpdx.com HOME STORE PRODUCTS ... BLOG

60. Welcome To Paradox Interactive A leading website design company in Utah. We build custom websites, web applications, and ebusiness. We also provide e-commerce website design and http://www.paradoxinteractive.com/

A leading website design company in Utah. We build custom websites, web applications, and e-business. We also provide e-commerce website design and development, custom web-based ColdFusion applications, and reliable hosting services.

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