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Karle Jerome:     more detail

Jerome Karle Solution of the phase problem: 1. The centrosymmetric crystal, by Herbert Hauptman and Jerome Karle (American Crystallographic Association. ACA monograph) by Herbert Aaron Hauptman, 1953 Stereochemical Applications of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction: A: the Electron Diffraction Technique by Istvan Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai, 1988-12-31 HAUPTMAN, HERBERT A. (1917- ): An entry from Gale's <i>World of Earth Science</i>

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1. Jerome Karle, Crystallographer
   Born 18 June1918, New York City, NY. Education City College on New York; Harvard University and Michigan University. Since 1946 Jerome Karle s career has  
   http://www.todayinsci.com/K/Karle_Jerome/Karle_Jerome.htm
   
   Extractions: (credit) Born: 18 June1918, New York City, NY Education: City College on New York; Harvard University and Michigan University Since 1946 Jerome Karle's career has been with the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., after a brief stint in Chicago with the early 1940's Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. By 1968 he was the NRL's chief scientist for the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter. To further his work to study the fine structure of crystalline materials he wanted to improve on the time-consuming "heavy atom" method whereby first, an atom of high atomic mass was substituted in the crystal lattice of the sample to be examined. The differences in the diffraction patterns of the original and modified samples are then compared to deduce the structure of the crystal. His search for an easier way to make these measurements led to developing the "direct method" of X-ray diffraction with Herbert A. Hauptman. Using this new diffraction technique, information could be interpreted in a simple manner directly from the image pattern produced. (credit) X-rays are used because they have very small wavelength, less than the separation of the atoms in a crystal.The crystal contains a unit of atoms, which is repeated throughout the whole crystal in all directions. When a beam of X-rays is aimed at crystal, it deflects the x-rays in certain definite directions so that the radiation can be seen as spots of different intensity such as in a photographic film. To determine the structure the "phase" of each ray that is deflected must also be known. This determination can be carried out by using the "direct method".

2. Biography Center : Biographies Of Jerome Karle In
   Biographies of Karle Jerome and, for more detail Biography of , , www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1985/index.html,  
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   Extractions: Suggest another Link for this biography Biographies beginning with Biographes by Category Most popular biographies ... Add details to this biogaphy Biography-Center.com is a directory of other biographies on the web. We allow comments on the links we supply, as well as an opportunity for you to rate these bio's. When you suggest a biography, you have the option of using our web based editor to enter a biography of your own. We receive numerous requests every day to add links Needless to say, most of the links have nothing to do with biographies and are generally discarded. If we miss your suggestion, please feel free to submit your biographies again for review. We also get a lot of requests for posting links on biography center. People are willing to pay a decent price for this however, we do not participate in this sort of activity. Please don’t ask.

3. Molecule - Related Items - MSN Encarta
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   Extractions: var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; var s_account="msnportalencarta"; MSN home Mail My MSN Sign in ... more Hotmail Messenger My MSN MSN Directory Air Tickets/Travel Autos City Guides Election 2008 ... More Additional Reference Materials Thesaurus Translations Multimedia Other Resources Education Resources Math Help Foreign Language Help Project Planner ... Help Related Items from Encarta Molecule Chemistry: Atoms and Molecules molecular computing atomic structure, chemical bonding, and molecular groups diagrams and illustrations ... , born in 1918, American biophysicist, crystallographer, and Nobel Prize winner. With his colleague American mathematician and... View article © 2007 Microsoft

4. Premios Nóbel De Química / Karle_jerome.gif
   Translate this page Alojamiento ofrecido por el Grupo HispaVista HispaVista. Premios Nóbel de Química/karle_jerome.gif. Anterior Inicio Siguiente.  
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5. Kemian Historiaa Internetissä
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   http://www.helsinki.fi/kemia/opettaja/liitteet/historialinkit.html

6. Karle Jerome - WIEM, Darmowa Encyklopedia
   Karle Jerome (ur. 1918), ameryka ski profesor chemii i krystalografii w University of Maryland (19511970), od 1968 kierownik Laboratorium  
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   Extractions: Szukaj Poczta Onet.pl S³owniki Kursy ... TVN Lingua Sklep karle jerome katalog.onet.pl Informacje o serwisie Kursy on-line Napisz do nas O nas Pomoc ... Aktualizacja encyklopedii wszystkie encyklopedia prawa wielka ksiêga imion s³ownik informatyczny Poka¿ tylko zdjêcia, filmy i mapy Jak szukaæ? Dodaj do notesu Chemia, Ameryka Pó³nocna, Stany Zjednoczone Karle Jerome (ur. 1918), amerykañski profesor chemii i krystalografii w University of Maryland (1951-1970), od 1968 kierownik Laboratorium Strukturalnego w Naval Research Laboratory (Instytut Badawczy Marynarki Wojennej) w Waszyngtonie, 1981-1984 prezes Miêdzynarodowej Unii Krystalografii.

7. Karle, Jerome - MSN Encarta
   Translate this page Karle, Jerome (New York 1918), biofisico statunitense; insieme al matematico Herbert Hauptman sviluppò un algoritmo per la determinazione della  
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   Extractions: var s_account="msnportalencartait"; MSN Home Hotmail My MSN Accedi ... Altro Hotmail Messenger Spaces Mobile Windows Live Amori e Incontri Annunci Aste online Borsa ... Altre risorse Reference Interattivit  Dati e statistiche Altre risorse Encarta nel mondo Prodotti Passa a Microsoft Student® Guida Cerca in Encarta Cerca in Encarta informazioni su Karle, Jerome Articolo Trova nell'articolo Anteprima di stampa Invia Multimedia 1 elemento Karle, Jerome (New York 1918), biofisico statunitense; insieme al matematico Herbert Hauptman svilupp² un algoritmo per la determinazione della struttura molecolare dei cristalli . La tecnica, nota come “metodo diretto”, rivoluzion² la ricerca chimica riducendo sensibilmente il tempo necessario per calcolare una struttura molecolare. A trent’anni di distanza, nel 1985, i due scienziati ottennero per questa scoperta il premio Nobel per la chimica. Laureatosi in chimica fisica nel 1944 all’Universit  del Michigan, dove conobbe Hauptman, Karle si trasfer¬ a Chicago per collaborare al Progetto Manhattan , volto alla realizzazione della bomba atomica. Nel 1946 si trasfer¬ al Naval Research Laboratory di Washington, dove l’anno seguente fu raggiunto da Hauptman.

8. Karle, Jerome - MSN Encarta
   Translate this page Karle, Jerome (1918- ), biophysicien américain, spécialiste de cristallographie.  
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   Extractions: var s_account="msnportalencartafr"; Accueil MSN Hotmail Mon MSN Connexion ... plus Hotmail Messenger Profil Messenger Mobile + de services Actions Solidaires Actualit©s Annonces immo Astrologie ... Aide Recherche Encarta Rechercher dans Encarta des informations sur Karle, Jerome Article Rechercher dans tout le texte de l'article Afficher cet article au format imprimable Envoyer M©dias 1 ©l©ment Karle, Jerome (1918- ), biophysicien am©ricain, sp©cialiste de cristallographie. N©   New York, Karle fait la connaissance de Herbert Hauptman , son futur coll¨gue de recherche, au City College de New York. Il obtient une ma®trise en 1943 puis un doctorat en 1944,   l’universit© du Michigan. Il travaille   Chicago comme assistant de recherche sur le projet Manhattan. En 1946, avec son ©pouse Isabella, chimiste et physicienne, il rejoint le laboratoire de recherches maritimes des ‰tats-Unis de Washington, o¹ Hauptman le rejoint l’ann©e suivante. € cette ©poque, il n’©tait pas possible de d©terminer avec pr©cision la structure tridimensionnelle des mol©cules. Pour analyser une substance cristallis©e, on l’exposait   des rayons X . Certains d’entre eux la traversaient tandis que d’autres ©taient d©vi©s par les ©lectrons du cristal . Les rayons d©vi©s dessinaient sur une plaque sensible une figure de diffraction qui indiquait l’intensit© mais non la phase des rayons X, grandeur sans laquelle les mod¨les de structure mol©culaire restaient impr©cis. Karle et Hauptman ©laborent alors une technique pour mesurer les angles de diffraction et mettent au point une formule math©matique complexe permettant de passer de la figure de diffraction   une carte pr©cise des atomes au sein de la structure. La m©thode de Karle et Hauptman ne sera reconnue et vraiment utilis©e qu’  partir du milieu des ann©es soixante, apr¨s qu’Isabella Karle en eut d©montr© l’efficacit© sur les grosses mol©cules ; elle servira alors   d©terminer la structure atomique de nombreux compos©s, notamment des vitamines, des hormones et des antibiotiques.

9. Karle, Jerome - MSN Encarta
   Translate this page Karle, Jerome (*1918), amerikanischer Chemiker, Kristallograph und Nobelpreisträger.  
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   Extractions: var s_account="msnportalencartade"; MSN Home Hotmail My MSN Anmelden ... Mehr… Hotmail Messenger Blogs/Spaces My MSN Auto Fernsehprogramm FuŸball Gebrauchtwagen ... Mehr Weitere Nachschlagewerke œbersetzungen Multimedia Andere Ressourcen Encarta weltweit Stundentipps Webcenter Quellentexte ... Hilfe Suche in Encarta In Encarta suchen nach Karle, Jerome Enzyklop¤dieartikel In diesem Artikel suchen Druckerfreundliche Version der Seite Versenden Multimedia 1 Objekt Karle, Jerome (*1918), amerikanischer Chemiker, Kristallograph und Nobelpreistr¤ger. Jerome Karle wurde am 18. Juni 1918 in New York geboren. Als Professor f¼r Kristallographie wirkte er ab 1946 am Laboratorium der amerikanischen Marine in Washington D.C. 1967 wurde er zum Forschungsdirektor des dortigen Laboratory of the Structure of Matter ernannt. Bis 1991 war er Vorsitzender der Chemiesektion der US National Academy of Science. F¼r die Erfindung der direkten Methode zur Kristallstrukturanalyse wurde Karle 1985, zusammen mit Herbert Aaron Hauptman , mit dem Nobelpreis f¼r Chemie ausgezeichnet.

10. Apa Yang Dah Berlaku Dulu Pada Hari Ni..(Muka Surat 9) - History, Myth, Legend -
    align=centerbsize=6color=BlackHari Ini Dalam Sejarah  
    http://mforum.cari.com.my/archiver/?tid-82793-page-9.html

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